错He畸形对于青少年个性影响的多因素分析

目的了解不同错(牙合)畸形与12-18岁青少年个性发展的关系.方法通过错(牙合)畸形流行病调查,筛选344例受试者,其中正常(牙合)组78人、安氏I类91人、安氏Ⅱ类93人、安氏Ⅲ类82人,年龄在12-18岁,为大连市各区中小学生.采用中学生16种个性因素(16PF)量表进行问卷调查,将其数据进行统计学分析.首先将两个量表的各分量表进行单因素分析,然后对其中有统计意义的变量应用多元线性逐步回归进行控制和筛选.结果(1)单因素分析牙颌畸形各组与正常对照组16PF无显著性差异.(2)多因素分析,应用多元线性回归模型,安氏Ⅱ类患者与恃强性、敢为性、内外向因素有显著性联系,比安氏I类、安氏Ⅲ类个性因素分值高;畸形程度与敢为性、恃强性、怯懦、内外向、适应等因素均有显著性联系,畸形越严重,除适应因素以外其它四种因素分值均为负相关,与适应因素呈正相关;女性患者较男性患者在敢为性、恃强性、怯懦、内外向等因素分值高,适应因素分值低.结论牙颌畸形青少年患者的个性因素与正常(牙合)组无明显差异,但是多因素分析中发现,安氏Ⅱ类患者、女性患者在恃强性、敢为性、怯懦、内外向、适应等个性因素均有显著性联系.畸形程度也与上述五种个性因素有显著性联系,畸形严重的患者则呈现出焦虑、怯懦、畏缩、有自卑感,呈内向型个性,因而临床上对于严重畸形的患者应注意其心理感受,建立治疗信心,从而改善其一些不良的个性因素倾向.     

第三磨牙与错牙畸形关系的研究

目的:观察第三磨牙与错(牙合)畸形的关系。方法:对620名错(牙合)畸形患者治疗前的全颌曲面断层片进行研究。结果:第三磨牙缺失率为14.84％;安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)的第三磨牙缺失率明显大于安氏Ⅱ类和安氏Ⅰ类(X~2=16.34,P<0.01);安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形的上颌第三磨牙的发育率为71.75％,明显高于其缺失率和安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形上颌第三磨牙的发育率(X~2=9.78,P<0.01);安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形的下颌第三磨牙发育率为74.12％,与安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)畸形的上颌第三磨牙的发育率相近。结论:第三磨牙是导致错(牙合)畸形的病因之一,错(牙合)畸形患者矫治前应常规拍摄全颌曲面断层X线片。     

应用PAR指数评价不同安氏分类牙(牙合)关系的研究

目的从牙(牙合)方面了解不同错(牙合)分类(牙合)的特征及正畸治疗效果,为今后进行更准确有效的预后判断提供临床指导和科学依据.方法对224例治疗前后模型进行PAR指数各项指标测量评分,样本根据不同安氏分类分组,分别对治疗前牙(牙合)关系及治疗后(牙合)变化量进行评估.结果所有224例病例中,极大改善患者163例,占总病例数的72.76%,其中安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)极大改善率为89.66%.治疗前安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)加权PAR分值低于Ⅱ类、Ⅱ类错(牙合),而治疗后安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)加权PAR分值改变量最大.结论安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形治疗改善程度相同.PAR指数的临床应用还存在一定缺陷,需要进一步改进.     

错畸形对大学生自我意识和人格倾向的影响

目的　了解不同错畸形与患者自我意识及人格倾向的关系。方法　选择成都市健康和患有不同类型、程度错畸形的大学生共 2 40例 ,分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错及无错正常组 ,每组 6 0例 ;其中各错畸形组又分为轻度、中度、重度 ,各 2 0例。选用躯体自信量表 (thebody esteemscale,BES)和艾森克个性量表 (Eysenckpersonalityquestionaire,EPQ)分别对样本进行心理评估。结果　①各组样本BES各分量表之间 ,正常组面部外观分量表分值显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错的中度、重度组 ;②各组样本EPQ各分量表之间 ,正常组E量表T值显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错的重度组 ,而N量表T值则显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错的重度组 ;③在各样本的BES各分量表与EPQ各分量表之间 ,仅面部外观分量表分值与E量表T值有显著正相关关系 ,与N量表T值有显著负相关关系。结论　①中度与重度Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错畸形患者 ,对自己颜面部的自信低于健康人群 ;②重度Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错畸形患者的内向型人格倾向和情绪不稳定性人格倾向均高于健康人群 ;③个体对自己面部外观的自信程度越高 ,其外向型、情绪稳定型人格倾向就越高 ;反之 ,则内向型、情绪不稳定型人格倾向就越高     

错(牙合)畸形对成年人人格倾向影响的多因素研究

目的:通过对成年人不同错(牙合)畸形的人格倾向研究,探讨不同错(牙合)畸形对成年人人格倾向的关系和影响.方法:采用艾森克个性量表(EPQ)对360例昆明地区正常(牙合)和患有不同类型错(牙合)畸形的汉族成年患者的人格倾向进行调查分析.结果:牙颌畸形各重度组与正常(牙合)组EPQ存在显著差异性.畸形程度、年龄与精神质特质成正相关性,文化程度与精神质特质成负相关性;畸形程度、性别与内外向性特质成负相关,文化程度内外向性特质成正相关;畸形程度、文化程度、年龄与神经质性特质成正相关,安氏Ⅲ类成人患者神经质性特质分值高于安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ成人错(牙合)畸形患者.结论:牙颌畸形各重度组的人格倾向与正常(牙合)组存在显著差异性;性别、畸形程度、年龄、文化程度在对成年人人格倾向影响上起到不同的作用.     

北京地区错（牙/合）畸形及偏颌畸形的发病率调查

目的:揭示各类错（牙/合）发病率及其与偏颌畸形发病率的关系.方法:以个别正常为标准,按安氏分类法,检查各类错及偏颌畸形的发病率,数据经SPSS统计软件分析处理.结果:1.错发病率为77.4%,其中Ⅰ类错55.4%,Ⅱ类错13.4%,Ⅲ类错8.6%.2.偏颌畸形的发病率在Ⅲ类错中最高,Ⅰ类错最少.3.偏颌畸形在错中的发病率显著高于正常咬合者,下颌左偏者大于右偏者.结论:安氏Ⅲ类错中偏颌畸形的发病率较高,Ⅱ类次之,Ⅰ类最少.     

错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数分析

目的：通过对错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数测量分析,探讨牙冠宽度与安氏各类错[牙合]畸形的关系。方法：错[牙合]畸形患者的初始记存模型382副,按照安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ类分组。测量牙冠宽度并计算Bohon指数,测量结果采用Dunean’s检验。结果：382例错[牙合]畸形病例的前牙比、全牙比、后牙比均没有性别间的差异。安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比与正常[牙合]人群基本一致,而Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比则与正常[牙合]人群间存在差异,安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者的前牙比及全牙比明显高于其他各组,有显著性差异。结论：上下颌间牙量关系不调是安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的主要病因之一。     

恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类错牙合畸形颅面部特征分析

目的 分析恒牙初期安氏Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错牙合畸形颅面部硬软组织侧貌特征,探讨不同错牙合畸形的正畸治疗关键。方法 2000—2012年自贡市第四人民医院口腔科就诊的汉族正畸患者中选取80例错牙合畸形青少年,分为安氏Ⅱ类组40例、安氏Ⅲ类组40例;同期选取自贡市中小学口腔健康普查正常青少年40名为正常对照组。确定常用的7项软组织指标和16项硬组织指标进行X线头影测量分析。结果 安氏Ⅱ类组除7项硬组织测量值外,其余软、硬组织测量值与正常对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）;而安氏Ⅲ类组则有9项硬组织和5项软组织指标与正常对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05或0.01）。结论 不同的错牙合畸形具有各自典型的颅面特征。临床治疗中应有针对性地纠正牙齿和颌骨异常来改善软组织不调,最终取得和谐美观的侧貌。     

十堰地区错畸形患者Bolton指数的测量

目的:分析十堰地区各类错牙合畸形患者Bolton指数及Bolton指数不调发生率的差异。方法:随机选择3 2 5例不同类型错牙合畸形患者的记存模型,分别测量上、下颌全牙量和前牙量,计算Bolton指数值及Bolton指数不调的发生率,进行统计学分析。结果:安氏Ⅰ类和安氏Ⅲ类错牙合前牙Bolton指数及全牙弓Bolton指数均大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合病例,且具有统计学差异(P <0 .0 5 ) ;安氏Ⅰ类错牙合Bolton指数不调发生率大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类及安氏Ⅱ类2分类,安氏Ⅲ类错牙合Bolton指数不调发生率大于安氏Ⅱ类1分类错牙合病例,有统计学差异。结论:不同类型错牙合畸形病例的Bolton指数及Bolton指数不调发生率有统计学差异,正畸治疗前进行Bolton指数分析非常重要。     

不同牙合型人群咀嚼肌肌电活动的研究

目的:利用肌电图仪测量不同牙合型人群咀嚼肌肌电活动,分析比较各组人群的咀嚼肌肌电特点和差异。方法:1)选取符合实验标准的自愿者33人,平均年龄21.71岁。分组,正常对照组10人,安氏Ⅰ类错牙合组10人,安氏Ⅱ类错牙合组8人,安氏Ⅲ类错牙合组5人;2)用肌电图仪测量各组人群的测量不同牙合型的咀嚼肌肌电活动;3)用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析,得出各组人群的咀嚼肌肌电特点和差异。结果:1)静息状态下,显著性>0.05,各组人群咀嚼肌的电位变化没有显著性差异;2)咀嚼过程中,安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组,与正常对照组、安氏Ⅰ类错牙合畸形组、安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形组相比,咬肌的电位值显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;3)吞咽时,①安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形组人群,与正常对照组间咬肌的电位比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;②安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组人群,与正常对照组、安氏Ⅰ类错牙合畸形组咬肌的电位相比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异;③安氏Ⅲ类错牙合畸形组与其余3组二腹肌电位相比较,显著性<0.05,存在显著性差异。4)不同状态时各组人群两侧咀嚼肌肌电变化不同,存在相关性与差异性。结论:不同牙合型人群在咀嚼和吞咽过程中,咀嚼肌肌电活动有所不同,推断错牙合畸形可影响咀嚼肌的正常功能运动。     

错He畸形对大学生自我意识和人格倾向的影响

目的 了解不同错Ｈｅ畸形与患者自我意识及人格倾向的关系。方法 选择成都市健康和患有不同类型、程度错Ｈｅ畸形的大学生共２４０例，分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类错Ｈｅ及无错Ｈｅ正常组，每组６０例；其中各错Ｈｅ畸形组又分为轻度、中度、重度，各２０例。选用躯体自信量表（ｔｈｅ ｂｏｄｙ－ｅｓｔｅｅｍ ｓｃａｌｅ，ＲＥＳ）和艾森克个性量表（Ｅｙｓｅｎｃｋ ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎａｉｒｅ，ＥＰＱ）分别对样     

Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among predominantly Yoruba adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria, and to compare the results with those of other authors. The sample for this epidemiological survey comprised 636 secondary school students, (334 [52.5%] boys and 302 [47.5%] girls), aged 12-17 years (mean age, 14.72 +/- 1.16 SD). The subjects were randomly selected, and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. Occlusal anteroposterior relationships were assessed based on the Angle classification. Other variables examined were overjet, overbite, crowding, and midline diastema. The results showed that about 24% of the subjects had normal occlusions, 50% had Class I malocclusions, 14% had Class II malocclusions, and 12% had Class III malocclusions. Over 66% had normal overbites, and 14% and 9% had increased and reduced values, respectively. Overjet relationship was normal in 66%, increased in 16%, and decreased in 8%. Crowding was observed in 20% of the subjects and midline diastema in 37%. No statistically significant differences were observed for any occlusal variables (P > .05). Class I malocclusion is the most prevalent occlusal pattern among these Nigerian students. Different patterns of Class II and Class III might be present for the dominant ethnic groups in the country. Therefore, a survey of the occlusal pattern in southeastern Nigerians (Ibo ethnic group) would appear to be worthwhile.     

Comparison of intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion groups.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalent tendency for intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion groups. This study consisted of 60 subjects who served as the normal occlusion group and 300 patients divided into 5 malocclusion groups (ie, Class I with bimaxillary protrusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, Class III, and Class III surgery). Tooth size measurements were performed on the models of normal occlusion and pretreatment models of patients by the Three Dimension Measuring Machine. Moreover, tooth size ratios, analyzed as described by Bolton and the Student t test showed no sexual dimorphism for these ratios in each of 6 groups, so the sexes were combined for each group. Then these ratios were compared among different malocclusion groups. The results showed no significant difference between subcategories of malocclusion, so these groups were combined. There were now 120 cases in each of 3 categories: Class I, Class II, and Class III. A significant difference was found for all the ratios between the groups, the ratios showing that Class III > Class I > Class II. It demonstrated that intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy may be one of the important factors in the cause of malocclusions, especially in Class II and Class III malocclusions. Thus this study proved the fact that Bolton analysis should be taken into consideration during orthodontic diagnosis and therapy.     

Midfacial and mandibular morphometry of children with Class II and Class III malocclusions

There is insufficient evidence in conventional cephalometric analysis of the actual sites of putative maxillofacial change in Class II and Class III malocclusions. The purpose of this study was to provide more information about the morphological characteristics of the midfacial complex and mandible in children with Class II or III malocclusions. Seventy children with Class II, division 1 malocclusion and 70 children with Class III malocclusion were compared with 70 children with normal occlusion. This study was conducted to carry out geometric morphometric assessments to localize alterations using Procrustes analysis and thin-plate spline analysis. Procrustes analysis indicated the midfacial and mandibular morphologies differed between normal occlusion subjects and subjects with Class II or Class III malocclusion (P<0.0001). The deformations in subjects with Class II malocclusion may represent a developmental elongation of the palatomaxillary complex and a shortening of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a protruding midface and retruding mandibular profile. In contrast, the deformations in subjects with Class III malocclusion may represent a developmental shortening of the palatomaxillary complex and elongation of the mandible anteroposteriorly, which leads to the appearance of a retrognathic midface and prognathic mandibular profile.     

五家渠市初中生牙齿审美对社会心理影响的调查

目的：调查研究错牙合畸形对五家渠市初中生社会心理的影响。方法：对五家渠市390名汉族初中生,男193人,女197人,平均年龄14．08±0．84岁。进行牙科审美社会心理影响量表（PIDAQ中文版）问卷调查。按照错牙合畸形切牙分类法标准和个别正常牙合标准进行检查登记,分成5组：切牙I类组、切牙II1分类组、切牙II2分类组、切牙III类组和个别正常牙合组。采用Kruskal－Wallis H秩和检验进行数据分析。结果：在社会影响方面,除了切牙III类与个别正常牙合组得分有统计学差异外（P＜0．0125）,与其余3组比较均无统计学差异（P＞0．0125）,切牙III类组比个别正常牙合组得分高4分。在审美态度方面,除了切牙III类与切牙II1分类组得分无统计学差异外（P＞0．0125）,与其余3组比较均有统计学差异（P＜0．0125）,切牙III类组比切牙I类组高3分,比切牙II2分类组高2．5分,比个别正常牙合组高4分。在牙齿自信方面,除了切牙III类与个别正常牙合组得分有统计学差异外（P＜0．0125）,与其余3组比较均无统计学差异（P＞0．0125）,切牙III类组比个别正常牙合组得分低4分。结论：错牙合畸形对初中生社会心理存在一定的不良影响,特别是错牙合畸形加重了初中生的社会影响,降低了其牙齿自信,切牙II1分类和切牙III类加重了初中生的审美态度影响。鼓励患有错牙合畸形的初中生尽早进行正畸治疗,对可能出现的心理问题及时进行疏导和干预。     

Prevalence of malocclusions in a young Brazilian population

Malocclusions are generally treated in adolescents and adults, but they are established at an early age. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in a young Brazilian population. The sample included 926 children, 8 to 12 years old, attending 5 public schools in the state of Goias, Brazil The type of occlusion was visually determined during the oral exam and statistical analysis, Chi-square test, was performed to correlate the prevalence of malocclusion with gender and with age. 819 patients out of the 926 patients had some type of malocclusion. From those, 513 patients had a class I malocclusion, 201 patients were classified as class II malocclusion, and 105 patients were class III malocclusion. Vertically, 62 patients showed a deep bite and 61 patients had an open bite. Transversely, 40 patients presented a bilateral posterior crossbite, 54 patients had a posterior crossbite on the left side, and 39 patients had a posterior crossbite on the right side. No significant correlation between gender and malocclusions was found and the number of patients with malocclusions between boys and girls were similar. Considering the three spatial planes, there is a high prevalence of malocclusions among the young Brazilian population. Therefore, the dental community must improve health policies and treat malocclusions earlier.     

Tooth size discrepancies and arch parameters among different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample

The objectives of this study were to determine the mean mesiodistal tooth width of the dentition, Bolton anterior and overall ratios, arch length, and arch width in the different malocclusions in a Jordanian sample. The mesiodistal tooth width, arch width, and length were measured on a total of 140 orthodontic models of school students aged 13-15 years of different occlusal relationships (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III malocclusions). Anterior and overall Bolton ratios were calculated. The mean and standard deviation were calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were used for the statistical analysis. The results show that (1) females have smaller teeth than males; (2) Class III malocclusion showed larger teeth than the rest of the other occlusal categories; (3) no statistically significant differences were found in Bolton ratios between the different malocclusions; (4) Class II division 1 showed the narrowest maxillary arch compared with the other types of malocclusion; (5) the mandibular intercanine width was significantly larger in Class III group than in Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 groups; (6) the maxillary arch was significantly longer in Class II division 1 than in Class II division 2; and (7) the mandibular arch of both Class II categories was significantly shorter than Class III malocclusion group. In conclusion, tooth size differences were found between right and left sides, between females and males, and between the different malocclusions. Arch width and length also showed differences among the different malocclusions.     

Comparison of early treatment outcomes rendered in three different types of malocclusions

Objective:To evaluate the outcome of early treatment in Class I, II, and III malocclusions based on the reduction of weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores.Materials and Methods:Two hundred thirty subjects (female = 105; male = 125) selected from 400 cases were divided into three groups based on their malocclusions (Class I, II, and III). The PAR index was evaluated prior to early treatment (T0), at the end of phase I (T1), and after completion of phase II therapy (T2). The reliability of overall PAR scores was assessed by Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient. The starting age, total weighted PAR scores and their changes after phase I and II treatments, treatment time, and the percentage of correction in the three different malocclusions were assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. The level of significance was set at P < .05.Results:More than 30% reduction of the weighted PAR scores and less than 10 points of the remaining weighted PAR scores were observed in all malocclusion groups at T1. The Class III group had the highest percentage of correction during phase I treatment.Conclusions:Early treatment effectively reduced the complexity of Class I, II, and III malocclusions and accounted for 57%, 64%, and 76% of the total correction, respectively, after phase I treatment, as indicated by an overall reduction in weighted PAR scores. The Class III group responded most favorably to early treatment followed by the Class II group.     

Cephalometric evaluation of maxillary sinus sizes in different malocclusion classes

We found few studies on the association between maxillary sinus size and malocclusion in an electronic search using PubMed. The purpose of this study was to investigate maxillary sinus size in different malocclusion groups and the association between maxillary sinus size and dentofacial morphology by the use of lateral cephalometric radiographs. A total of 120 lateral cephalograms were used. These radiographs were derived from subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions, classified on the basis of the A-N-B angle. Each malocclusion group consisted of 20 boys and 20 girls ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. Two linear measurements and three area measurements were made to evaluate maxillary sinus size, and four angular and eight linear measurements were made to evaluate dentofacial morphology. Analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed for statistical comparison. The maxillary sinuses showed no significant differences in size between the different classes of skeletal malocclusion or between sexes. However, the maxillary sinus measurements were significantly correlated with several dentofacial morphological measurements. When formulating an orthodontic treatment plan, orthodontists should take into consideration the fact that the patients 12 to 16 years old with large cranial bases and nasomaxillary complexes tend to have larger maxillary sinuses, but there is no significant association between maxillary sinus size and the A-N-B angle denoting the sagittal skeletal jaw relationship.