结直肠癌同时肝转移和腹膜转移的处理及预后

目的 探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移和腹膜扩散患者的相关临床病理因素以及手术干预对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析12年间中山大学附属第一医院肠癌数据库资料中有同时性肝转移和/或腹膜扩散患者(166例/150例)的临床病例资料及随访结果.结果 在诸多病理因素中肿瘤分化程度和浆膜浸润与腹膜扩散有关(P<0.01),而肿瘤分化程度,浆膜浸润和Ducks分期等与同时性肝转移有关(P<0.01);手术不可切除的结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移组与伴腹膜扩散组的短期和长期生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而在手术可切除组中伴腹膜扩散者的长期生存率优于伴肝转移者(P<0.01).结论 结直肠癌腹膜转移患者较同时性肝转移患者长期顶后好;手术不可切除的结直肠癌伴腹膜扩散或肝转移才标示着肿瘤的终末期;结直肠癌伴腹膜转移根治切除组较伴同时性肝转移根治切除组预后好,局限的结直肠癌伴腹膜转移通过手术可能得到根治.     

486例结直肠癌同时性和异时性肝转移患者的预后分析

目的 探讨同时性、异时性结直肠癌肝转移的临床特点及不同治疗策略对患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析中山大学附属第一医院1994-2006年结直肠癌数据库中肝转移患者的临床及随访资料.采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-Rank法比较生存率,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 共有486例患者发生肝转移,其中同时性肝转移191例,异时性肝转移295例,两组5年生存率差异具有统计学意义(9.3%vs.21.5%,P＜0.01);全组患者中267例行手术切除,151例行射频消融治疗,68例保守治疗,三种治疗方法的5年生存率分别为22.1%,10.3%和0,三组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).单因素分析显示,年龄、肝转移类型、术前CEA、原发瘤N分期、分化程度、肠梗阻、腹水、肿瘤直径、治疗策略等因素与患者预后密切相关;多因素分析显示,肝转移类型、术前CEA、腹水、治疗策略是影响预后的独立危险因素. 结论肝转移的不同类型是决定结直肠癌肝转移患者预后的重要因素;根治性手术切除与射频消融、保守治疗相比更能改善结直肠癌肝转移患者预后.     

6669例结直肠癌同时陛和异时性肝转移患者不同治疗策略的预后分析

目的 评价结直肠癌肝转移不同类型及治疗策略对肝转移患者生存的影响.方法 回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院2000年1月1日至2008年6月31日收治的669例结直肠癌肝转移患者的病例资料.结果 本组患者同时性肝转移379例,异时性[发生肝转移中位时间(21.0±19.6)个月]肝转移290例.患者性别、年龄和肠道原发病灶的部位两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而肝转移灶特征(累及肝叶类型、病灶个数和病灶直径)和术前CEA、CA19-9水平两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).手术切除肝转移灶253例,其中同时性肝转移123例,异时性肝转移130例.以2008年10月31日为随访终点,随访率100%.同时性肝转移和异时性肝转移的中位生存时间分别为11和23个月(P<0.01).5年生存率分别为6.4%和11.4%(P<0.01):手术病例与各种非手术治疗(介入、化疗、射频、无水酒精注射和中医中药)病例的中位生存期分别为37个月和5～26个月(P<0.01);5年生存率分别为35.6%和0～3.6%(P<0.05).结论 手术治疗目前仍是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施;异时性肝转移患者生存率好于同时性肝转移.     

同期肝切除治疗结直肠癌同时性肝转移

目的探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移肝肠同期手术的疗效。方法回顾性分析1994年8月至2004年12月在我院行外科手术治疗的121例同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果在121例同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者中,99例行结直肠癌根治性切除术,剔除2例行原位肝移植患者后,同期肝切除组41例（A组）,对肝转移瘤行姑息外科治疗组56例（B组）,即转移瘤未能完全经手术切除者,A、B组患者性别、年龄、原发瘤部位、浸润深度、淋巴结转移等差异均无统计学意义,肝转移瘤数目（x^2=40.41,P＜0.05）、肝转移瘤分布（x^2=11.61,P＜0.05）差异有统计学意义;两组患者中位生存期分别为28.9个月、17.1个月,5年生存率分别为14％、0,其中A组患者中位无瘤生存期为19.5个月,1、3、5年生存率为93%、44%和14%。结论同期肝切除能为部分结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者提供治愈机会,对于合适的患者应力争行同期肝切除术。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期与分期手术切除的临床疗效对照研究

目的:对比结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除与分期切除的近远期疗效,探讨手术时机对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2008年2月—2013年2月我院收治的65例行根治性手术治疗的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者的临床和随访资料,其中同期手术者46例(同期组),分期手术者19例(分期组),对比两组的手术情况及生存情况。结果:同期组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院花费均明显低于分期组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率分别为23.9%和42.1%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。同期组和分期组1、3、5年总体生存率分别为91.1%、53.9%、35.5%和92.9%、55.3%、36.2%,中位生存时间分别为39.3个月和42.2个月;1、2、3年无病生存率分别为50.3%、23.7%、12.5%和51.2%、24.2%、13.2%,中位无病生存时间分别为14.5个月和16.5个月,Log-rank检验显示两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。COX回归分析原发灶淋巴结状态(OR=3.283,95%CI 1.473~6.485,P=0.002)、术前CEA水平(OR=3.182、95%CI 1.293~6.102、P=0.003)、复发后是否有机会根治性切除(OR=3.863、95%CI 1.763~7.674、P=0.001)是预后的独立影响因素,而同期还是分期切除并非预后的影响因素。结论:手术时机不影响同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后,但同期手术可以缩短总体手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及住院花费,从一定程度上减少了患者的痛苦,具有一定的优势。     

胃癌肝转移患者的手术治疗及预后分析

目的探讨胃癌肝转移患者手术治疗的指征和效果。方法回顾性分析我院1995年9月至2002年5月间经手术治疗的43例胃癌肝转移患者的临床资料。结果全组肝转移程度与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤侵犯深度、分化程度及有无淋巴结转移无相关关系(P>0.05)。异时性肝转移行肝切除4例,中位生存时间为35.0个月,预后明显优于同时性肝转移肝切除患者(中位生存时间10.0个月)(P=0.0233)。同时性肝转移组中,单纯胃切除32例,中位生存时间6.0个月;胃加肝切除7例,中位生存时间10.0个月,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.2799)。不同肝转移程度姑息性胃切除术后生存时间比较,H1、H2和H33组分别为7.5、6.0和4.0个月,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0007)。结论异时性胃癌肝转移患者肝切除术后预后良好,应争取积极手术切除;胃癌肝转移患者同期行胃加肝切除生存率未见明显改善;H3肝转移患者姑息性胃切除预后不佳。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移的手术疗效分析

目的探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移的外科治疗临床价值和疗效。方法自2003年5月至2008年10月,对32例结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者行同期切除术为治疗组,同期内未行手术切除的肝转移瘤27例患者为对照组。两组术后以XELox方案化疗。结果治疗组1、3和5年累积生存率为92．5％、53．1％、34．6％。对照组1、3和5年生存率为66．7％、18．5％、0。两组总生存率比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组临床资料相比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗组中有6例患者术后发生胸腔积液,1例膈下积液,3例胆漏,无手术死亡病例。结论结直肠癌肝转移的的根治性切除是患者获得长期生存的有效治疗手段;直肠癌同时性肝转移行同期切除术可提高患者的幸存时闻和幸存后量．改善其预后．     

结直肠癌伴腹膜扩散的临床病理分析及手术干预对预后的影响

目的 探讨结直肠癌腹膜扩散患者的临床病理因素及手术干预对其预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析1994年8月至2006年12月间结直肠癌数据库中患者的临床资料及随访结果,比较结直肠癌无腹膜扩散和有腹膜扩散患者的临床病理特点,并分析结直肠癌不同程度腹膜扩散和不同手术方式患者的预后.结果 2019例原发性结直肠癌患者中150例(7.4%)发生腹膜扩散.在诸多临床病理因素中,浆膜浸润、腹水、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、组织分型、瘤周径、癌性肠梗阻、Dukes分期与腹膜扩散有关,多因素分析显示浆膜浸润、肿瘤分化程度与腹膜扩散有关.腹膜转移患者1、3、5年生存率分别为70.4%、38.1%、30.2%;根治性手术切除组1、3、5年各时点生存率明显高于姑息手术和减状切除组(P<0.05).结论 结直肠癌伴腹膜扩散患者临床病理情况较差,局限性腹膜扩散患者预后较腹膜广泛转移者好,尽量手术切除腹膜转移病灶可提高患者的预后.     

结直肠癌肝转移的临床病理特征与术后生存关系分析

目的通过分析结直肠癌肝转移临床病理学特征与术后生存因素的相互关系,寻找更多更准确的能够影响预后的指标对预后生存的影响,为结直肠癌肝转移患者的治疗策略提供参考。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院2006年1月至2009年12月期间收治并经手术治疗的233例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率及生存曲线,并进行单因素分析,采用log-rank法进行统计学检验。将经单因素分析对预后有统计学意义的危险因素带入COX多因素回归模型,计算独立预后因素。结果本组患者术后中位生存期为37.0个月,术后1、3及5年累积生存率分别为93.0%、61.0%、17.0%。接受根治性手术患者的术后中位生存期、3及5年累积生存率优于姑息性手术者:40.53个月比27.20个月、59.0%比29.0%、20.0%比0(P0.05)。对于总体生存期而言,单因素分析结果显示,手术方式、肝转移瘤切除术后首次复发时间、肝内转移灶数目、肝内转移灶最大直径、手术切缘、肝外不可切除转移灶及周围组织或器官侵犯、是否合并慢性肝病(慢性肝炎、脂肪肝、肝硬变)、术前血清CEA水平、CA19-9水平、是否为同时性肝转移、原发灶TNM分期、肝转移瘤生长位置和肝转移瘤包膜是否完整这13项是影响预后的因素(P0.05);COX多因素分析结果显示,姑息性手术方式、同时性肝转移、肝转移瘤生长位置广泛、肝转移瘤无完整包膜、肝内转移灶多发、肝内转移灶最大直径3 cm、存在肝外不可切除转移灶及周围组织或器官侵犯和未合并慢性肝病(慢性肝炎、脂肪肝、肝硬变)这8项因素是对结直肠癌肝转移患者术后生存产生影响的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论手术治疗可以使结直肠癌肝转移患者获得长期生存,姑息性手术方式、同时性肝转移、肝转移瘤生长位置广泛、肝转移瘤无完整包膜、肝内转移灶多发、肝内转移灶最大直径3 cm,存在肝外不可切除转移灶及周围组织或器官侵犯、未合并慢性肝病(慢性肝炎、脂肪肝、肝硬变)等是影响结直肠癌肝转移患者术后预后的独立危险因素。     

两种手术方案治疗结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者效果观察

探讨不同手术方案对结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者预后的影响。回顾性分析2015年1月—2017年1月76例的结直肠癌同时性肝转移(SCLM)实行根治性手术的患者,随机分为科研组(45例)与参照组(31例)。科研组采取同期手术方式,参照组采取分期手术方式,比较两组患者的手术情况以及患者生存率。结果显示科研组患者手术用时以及住院时间和术中出血量显著低于参照组(P<0.05),两组患者术后不良反应发生率以及生存率相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果表明,SCLM患者的预后不受手术时机的影响,但同期手术可降低术中出血量,减少手术总时间以及患者住院时间。     

Selection criteria for simultaneous resection in patients with synchronous liver metastasis

HYPOTHESIS: While simultaneous resection has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with synchronous metastasis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by hepatectomy has gradually gained acceptance for both initially nonresectable metastasis and resectable metastasis. The boundary between these treatments is becoming unclear. We hypothesized that factors associated with colorectal cancer may play an important role in the prognosis of patients with synchronous metastasis and may be useful for identifying patients who can be expected to have adequate results following simultaneous resection. DESIGN: Outcome study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: From January 1980 to December 2002, 187 patients underwent curative resection for synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. One hundred forty-two patients received simultaneous resection, 18 underwent staged resection, and 27 underwent delayed hepatic resection. Twenty-one clinicopathological factors were analyzed, and long-term prognosis was assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prognostic factors and patient survival. RESULTS: There was no in-hospital death. In a multivariate analysis, the factors that significantly affected the prognosis of synchronous metastasis were 4 or more lymph node metastases around the primary cancer (P<.001) and multiple liver metastases (P = .003). In patients with 3 or fewer lymph node metastases around the primary cancer, the 5-year survival rates of those with 1, 2 to 3, and 4 or more liver metastases were 63%, 33%, and 40%, respectively, but these rates were 15%, 22%, and 0%, respectively, in patients with 4 or more lymph node metastases around the primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the application of simultaneous resection in patients with 0 to 3 colorectal lymph node metastases. However, in patients with 4 or more colorectal lymph node metastases, biological selection by neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be more suitable.     

Pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis

Objective Although some beneficial effects of surgical treatments for pulmonary or hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma have been reported, identifying candidates for these aggressive surgical procedures is controversial. In this study, patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma, particularly those with pulmonary and hepatic metastases, were retrospectively analyzed. Methods Forty-six patients who had undergone complete resection for pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median follow-up period after pulmonary resection was 26 months, and the 5-year postoperative survival rate was 34%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with pulmonary metastasis alone, metachronous pulmonary metastasis after liver metastasis, and synchronous metastasis to the liver and lung were 75%, 75%, and 25% and 25%, 38%, and 0%, respectively, when calculated from the time of primary colorectal resection (P < 0.01). Patients with synchronous metastases had a poorer prognosis than did the patients in the other two groups. Conclusions Surgical treatments for patients with pulmonary metastasis alone or metachronous metastasis can provide a beneficial outcome. Patients with synchronous metastasis have a poor prognosis, and effective pre- and postoperative systemic treatments should be considered to prolong their survival.     

Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis in Resectable Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Liver Metastasis

Introduction Hepatic resection may offer long-term survival for patients with colorectal metastases. However, controversies exist regarding the prognostic factors. Herein, the impact of synchronicity of liver metastasis on patient clinicopathological features and prognosis was evaluated. Methods One hundred and fifty-five patients who underwent hepatectomy for colon cancer metastasis, from 1995 to 2004, were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: synchronous and metachronous colorectal liver metastasis. Patient demographics, the nature of the primary and metastatic tumors, surgery-related complications, and long-term outcome were analyzed. Results Patients included in the synchronous group tended to be younger than those in the metachronous group. Compared to the metachronous group, patients in the synchronous group showed more metastases (P = 0.008) and bilobarly distributed metastases (P = 0.016). Bile leakage was the most common surgical complication. The estimated 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 16.8 and 41.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that synchronous metastases, advanced stage of the primary tumor, bilobar distribution of the metastases, more than three metastases, and colonic versus rectal location of the primary tumor were prognostic factors of shorter disease-free survival, but not overall survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that synchronous metastases and the advanced stage of the primary tumor were indicators for a worse disease-free survival. Conclusion The synchronous presence of primary colon cancer and liver metastasis may indicate a more disseminated disease status and is associated with a shorter disease-free survival than metachronous metastasis. These patients may need more careful monitoring and aggressive chemotherapy following curative resection.     

肝切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移预后影响因素研究进展

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。临床上,结直肠癌病人首次确诊时已有15%～25%发生肝脏转移,中位生存期约为6个月,然而行手术切除肝转移灶后5年存活率可达60%。近年来,虽然在新辅助化疗和外科技术等方面取得迅速发展,使得病人获得较长的生存时间,但肝切除仍是治愈结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）病人的主要治疗方式。肝切除术能够改善病人预后,手术应做到R0切除或者达到无疾病证据状态（NED）;若有复发应积极施行二次手术;原发病灶部位以及淋巴结转移情况对预后影响尚有待研究;结直肠癌确诊至发生肝转移时间间隔越长预后较好（＞2年）。然而,肝转移灶的大小、数目、部位情况等,并不是影响手术预后的主要因素。总之,肝切除对CRLM病人具有良好的预后,同时需要结合病人的切缘状态、残余肝体积、原发病灶及淋巴结转移等因素综合考虑。     

肝切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移预后影响因素研究进展

结直肠癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。临床上，结直肠癌病人首次确诊时已有15%～25%发生肝脏转移，中位生存期约为6个月，然而行手术切除肝转移灶后5年存活率可达60%。近年来，虽然在新辅助化疗和外科技术等方面取得迅速发展，使得病人获得较长的生存时间，但肝切除仍是治愈结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）病人的主要治疗方式。肝切除术能够改善病人预后，手术应做到R0切除或者达到无疾病证据状态（NED）；若有复发应积极施行二次手术；原发病灶部位以及淋巴结转移情况对预后影响尚有待研究；结直肠癌确诊至发生肝转移时间间隔越长预后较好（＞2年）。然而，肝转移灶的大小、数目、部位情况等，并不是影响手术预后的主要因素。总之，肝切除对CRLM病人具有良好的预后，同时需要结合病人的切缘状态、残余肝体积、原发病灶及淋巴结转移等因素综合考虑。     

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??Risk and prognostic factors of colorectal liver metastases LIANG Li, LIU Tian-shu. Department of Medical Oncology??Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University??Shanghai 200032, China
Corresponding author: LIU Tian-shu, E-mail: liu.tianshu@
zs-hospital.sh.cn
Abstract Liver is the most common metastasis site of colorectal cancer, and the prognosis of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM)is poor. CRLM are divided into synchronous metastasis and metachronous metastasis. Single factor and multiple factor regression analyses show that the risk factors of CRLM include the depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor node, differentiation degree, tumor antigen and carbohydrate antigen. The factors influencing the prognosis of CRLM include the size and quantity of liver metastases, primary resection, surgical resection of liver metastases, systemic drug therapy and so on. Therefore, the surgical resection of liver metastases as well as drug therapy to get the opportunity of resection can maximize the survival of patients with CRLM. For a combination of a number of factors, the scoring system can better predict the prognosis of CRLM.     

Prognostic factors in survival of colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis

Aim To determine the factors affecting the survival in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases. Method A total of 168 patients who had been treated colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases at Guangxi Medical University from January 2000 to December 2005 were identified. Criteria studied consisted of gender, age, time of symptoms, primary tumour location, primary tumour circumference, histological type, grade (tumour differentiation), T‐status, N‐status, large bowel obstruction, type of operation, primary tumour resection, ascities, location, number and diameter of liver lesions, preoperative CEA and chemotherapy. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression analysis. Results The mean survival time for all patients was 18.71 (SEM = 1.59) months. The 1, 2, 3 and 5‐year survival rates were 55.95%, 23.21%, 12.30%, 8.0% respectively. Univariate analysis share of grade (tumour differentiation), N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location, number and the most diameter of liver lesions, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy to be predictors of survival. In the Cox regression analysis, the N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, diameter of liver lesion and extrahepatic transfer were independent factors related to survival. Conclusion Tumour differentiation, N‐status, bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location of liver metastasis, number of liver metastasis, diameter of liver metastasis, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy are related to the survival of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases.     

Surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer

We analyze our experience over a 10-year period in the surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Between 01.01.1995 and 08.31.2005 189 liver resections were performed in 171 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (16 re-resections - 2 in the same patient and a "two-stage" liver resection in 2 patients). In our series there were 83 patients with synchronous liver metastases (69 simultaneous resections, 12 delayed resections and 2 "two-stage" liver resection were performed) and 88 metachronous liver metastases. Almost all types of liver resections have been performed. The morbidity and mortality rates were 17.4% and 4.7%, respectively. Median survival was 28.5 months and actuarial survival at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 78.7%, 40.4% and 32.7%, respectively. Between January 2002 and August 2005 hyperthermic ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases has been performed in 6 patients; in other 5 patients with multiple bilobar liver metastases liver resection was associated with radiofrequency ablation and one patient underwent only radiofrequency ablation for recurrent liver metastasis. In conclusion, although the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases is multimodal (resection, ablation, chemotherapy and radiation therapy), liver resection is the only potential curative treatment. The quality and volume of remnant liver parenchyma is the only limitation of liver resection. The morbidity, mortality and survival rates after simultaneous liver and colorectal resection are similar with those achieved by delayed resection. Postoperative outcome of patients with major hepatic resection is correlated with the surgical team experience. The long-term survival was increased using the new multimodal treatment schemes.