Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma arising from the base of the tongue

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma is a low-grade indolent and rare salivary gland tumor originally described by Milchgrub et al. in 1994. We herein report a case of this tumor of the base of the tongue. A 66-year-old Japanese woman presented with a large painless mass in the throat. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 40x30-mm well-defined ovoid tumor arising from the base of the tongue. She underwent tracheostomy followed by a resection of the tumor via the transmandibular approach combined with a right-sided supra-omohyoid neck dissection. Because the tumor invasion of the surrounding tissue was limited, the surgical defect at the base of the tongue was relatively small, and no reconstructive procedure needed to be performed. The tumor was histopathologically diagnosed as hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the minor salivary gland. Her postoperative clinical course was uneventful. No aspiration or difficulty upon deglutition was recognized when she started transoral ingestion on the eighth postoperative day. The patient is currently free from disease 21 months after surgery. The pathology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma are bibliographically reviewed.     

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue

Clear cell carcinoma of the salivary glands is a rare tumour that represents less than one per cent of all salivary tumours. They are divided into a biphasic, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and a monophasic pattern which may be myoepithelial or ductal in origin. The latter is accompanied by prominent fibrohyaline stroma and has been described recently as hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC). Most of the HCCC occur in the oral cavity, and are associated with minor salivary glands, unlike the biphasic pattern which is more common in the major salivary glands. In the oral cavity, the commonest site is the palate followed by the lips and the buccal mucosa. Its occurrence in the oropharynx and the larynx is extremely rare.     

Complications of supraglottic laryngectomy for carcinomas of the supraglottis and the base of the tongue

The medical records of patients with either a supraglottic carcinoma (n = 193) or a base of tongue carcinoma (n = 56) who underwent a supraglottic laryngectomy were studied. Because of aspiration total laryngectomy was required in 9.8% and 21.4% of patients with supraglottic and base of tongue carcinomas, respectively, being related to locally advanced stage of disease in the base of tongue and to an age older than 65 years in the case of supraglottic carcinomas. The non-decannulation rates were 23.8% and 50% in supraglottic and base of tongue tumours respectively. Post-operative radiotherapy did not influence the decannulation rate. but advanced local disease and age did. Post-operative mortality in the first month after the operation was 2.6% in supraglottic tumours and 3.6% in base of tongue tumours.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue

Summary Squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue is known to have a poor clinical prognosis that is primarily attributable to such tumors usually presenting at an advanced stage. Fortunately, if detected early, these malignancies may have a more favorable prognosis. We have reviewed the current literature of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue, focusing on epidemiologic data, treatment options, as well as survival results. Data have also been incorporated from a previously unpublished retrospective study performed in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Pittsburgh.Supported in part by a grant from the Mary Hillman Jennings Foundation     

Staging and prognostic factors in carcinoma of the base of the tongue

During the period 1966-1985, 66 patients were submitted for curative treatment of a carcinoma of the base of the tongue in the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy (59 patients), surgery and post-operative radiotherapy (4 patients) and surgery alone (3 patients). Patients were staged according to the UICC (1982) and UICC (1987)/AJCC (1988) criteria. Regrouping by the latter system caused enlargement of the N2-group and of stage IV. The crude 5-year survival was 22%, the 5-year tumour control was 36% and the locoregional control was 47%. The most important prognostic factors for the tumour-free interval are the T-category (P = 0.01) and stage grouping (UICC 1982) (P = 0.022). The same factors predict the locoregional control (P = 0.005 and 002 respectively). Crude survival is lower in smokers, and in patients in poor general condition (P = 0.04 and 0.007 respectively).     

Extended supraglottic laryngectomy for primary base of tongue carcinomas

A retrospective review of 56 patients with a primary base of tongue carcinoma was undertaken to determine the value of supraglottic laryngectomy. All the patients had a supraglottic laryngectomy and a total of 77 neck dissections. Forty-three (76.8%) patients received post-operative radiotherapy. The incidence of local recurrence was 23.2%, neck relapse being seen in 16.1% of patients. The 3 year survival was 47%. The overall survival of the whole series and by stage was not improved by combined therapy compared with surgery alone.     

Base of the tongue metastatic cancer from hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy in Taiwan, metastasis to the head and neck area is extremely rare. In this report, we document a case of HCC metastasis to the base of the tongue. The patient involved had been treated for HCC with chemoembolization and radiotherapy 3 years prior to being diagnosed with tongue base metastasis. Symptoms of the metastasis included frequent oozing from the tongue base tumor. The patient died 3 months after a palliative resection of the tongue. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical presentation of HCC metastasis to the tongue base documented in the English language. We also believe that this particular case is important because we predict that the advancement in HCC treatment modalities will allow enough survival time in patients to cause occult extrahepatic metastatic lesion to develop into a field of clinical significance.     

低温等离子刀切除舌根增生性肿物40例报告

目的 探讨低温等离子刀切除舌根增生性肿物的效果。 方法 选取应用低温等离子刀舌根良性增生性肿物切除术40例,分别对患者术前及术后2周、术后6个月的咽部异物感、吞咽梗阻感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状应用VAS量表评分。 结果 所有患者术中仅少量出血或无出血,术后创面无出血。术前患者咽部异物感、吞咽阻挡感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状VAS评分为(38.8±5.94)分,术后2周患者VAS评分为(7.50±2.96)分,差异有统计学意义。6个月随访,舌根部创面光滑,无复发。患者咽部异物感、吞咽阻挡感、咽部疼痛感等主观症状VAS评分为(7.25±2.67)分,与术后2周VAS评分差异无统计学意义。 结论 低温等离子刀治疗舌根增生性肿物疗效显著,具有出血量少、术后疼痛轻、术后并发症少等优点。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young patients

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Cancer of the tongue is reported with increasing frequency in young people. The objective of this work was to study the biologic and clinical course of the disease in this group. The clinical course of the disease in this patient group remains controversial. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective 30-year review was made from data from a tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: A chart review was performed for 48 patients with oral tongue cancer. The following variables were compared: age, sex, tobacco and alcohol use, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Stage (T1,2-N0) and treatment modality were similar in the two age groups, as was disease-specific outcome. However, in the younger group, the clinical course followed two distinct patterns: extremely aggressive appearance with a 40% mortality rate within 2 years compared with 10.7% in the older group (P <.05) or indolent with freedom from disease for over 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue may be associated with a variable clinical course in younger patients. Although, in general, the disease-specific outcome is similar to that of the older patients, some of the patients have an exceptionally aggressive disease. An extensive therapeutic regimen should be used in all cases.     

舌根鳞状细胞癌37例临床分析

目的 总结舌根癌的手术方法及功能重建经验。方法 回顾性分析1994年3月～2006年3月我院手术治疗的37例原发于舌根的鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料。结果 37例患者均行颈淋巴结清扫术,病理报告颈淋巴结转移率达64.9％(24/37)。肿瘤切除的手术方式以咽侧径路为主,占59.5％(22/37),缺损修复主要采用胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣及胸大肌肌皮瓣修复。术后发生并发症共8例。患者术后经康复训练逐步恢复了饮食功能;除4例未拔除气管套管外,全部恢复了言语功能;3年、5年生存率分别为62.2％(23/37)、51.4％(19/37)。结论 术前对肿瘤范围及颈淋巴结转移情况进行准确评估,以选择合适的手术入路及缺损修复方式,是彻底切除肿瘤、进行功能重建并提高生存质量的重要前提。     

Resection of cancer of the tongue base and tonsil via the transhyoid approach

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether transhyoid resection of the tongue base and tonsil lesions is an effective approach to tumors involving this region compared with more traditional anterior surgical approaches that arbitrarily involve either segmental resection or division of the mandible. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Since 1988, we have used a combined transhyoid and transoral approach to resect lesions involving the tongue base, tonsil, or both. Forty-one patients were identified who underwent surgical resection of lesions involving this region via this combined approach during this period. A stage-matched group of 41 patients was also identified in which patients underwent resection via traditional composite or mandibulotomy approaches and was used as a basis for comparison. Factors assessed included status of surgical margins, postoperative complications, degree of postoperative dysphagia, and long-term outcome. RESULTS: Comparison between the two groups revealed similar rates of negative surgical margins. Levels of postoperative dysphagia, notably severe primarily in patients with either T4 or recurrent disease, were also similar between groups. Complication rates, especially with regard to fistula occurrence and mandible-healing problems, were significantly lower in the transhyoid group. Analysis of long-term outcome revealed similar patterns with regard to disease status in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combined transhyoid and transoral approach is an effective surgical option for a number of lesions affecting the tongue base, tonsil, or both. Although similar to other approaches with regard to postoperative function and disease outcome, the transhyoid approach is associated with decreased postoperative morbidity. However, tumors that extend to involve the mandible or pterygoid musculature or skull base are probably best suited for traditional approaches that involve division of the mandible.     

累及舌根晚期咽喉恶性肿瘤的手术及舌根重建

目的 探讨累及舌根恶性肿瘤的手术及功能重建。方法 对手术治疗的57例原发舌根及咽喉部累及舌根的恶性肿瘤病人进行总结，其中舌根癌7例，软腭癌累及舌根6例，扁桃体癌累及舌根14例，声门上区喉癌累及舌根30例，分别实施经口、咽侧、舌骨区、下颌骨正中裂开外旋入路切除肿瘤，术后行切除舌根的修复及舌功能重建，应用颈阔肌皮瓣、胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜(皮)瓣、颞肌肌筋膜瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、喉气管瓣及局部拉拢缝合喉体上提修复缺损。结果 全部病人术后经锻炼逐步恢复了饮食功能；除行喉气管瓣修复5例外，全部恢复了言语功能；3年、5年生存率分别为40／57(70．18％)、33／57(57．89％)。结论 术前对肿瘤原发部位及范围的准确评估是选择合适的手术进路、修复方式及彻底切除肿瘤的重要前提；适合的手术入路及修复方式，在彻底切除肿瘤的同时得以功能重建，提高了生活质量，可以获得较为理想的治疗效果：对这类肿瘤府采取积极有效的综合治疗措施。     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young patients: a matched-pair analysis

Conclusions. Young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue developed fewer locoregional recurrences. The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were better in the young patient population. Objectives. To compare the survival rates of patients under 45 years of age and diagnosed with SCC of the oral tongue with those of patients older than 45 years. Patients and methods. A retrospective review of 20 patients under 45 years of age with SCC of the oral tongue was performed. These patients were matched to an older population by sex and clinical stage. Overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and rates of local, regional and distant metastases were determined for both populations. Results. Stage and treatment modality were similar in the two age groups. There were significant differences in overall survival (p=0.013) and disease-specific survival (p=0.046) favoring young patients. Rates of locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis were higher in the older patients.     

上颌窦内肾透明细胞癌转移1例报道

<正>鼻及鼻窦内转移性肿瘤较少见,多起源于肾癌,亦可见在肾切除术很长时间甚至几十年后转移[1],双侧鼻息肉伴上颌窦内肾透明细胞癌转移尤其罕见,我院近期收治1例双侧鼻息肉伴上颌窦内肾透明细胞癌转移病例,现报告如下。1临床资料患者,男,57岁,因"鼻塞流涕20余年伴上腭部不适2个月"于2013年8月22日收入我院耳鼻喉科。患者20余年前无明显诱因出现双鼻鼻塞,流     

Immunophenotypic comparison of salivary gland oncocytoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The differential diagnosis of oncocytic neoplasms of salivary glands includes both primary and metastatic tumors, one of which is renal cell carcinoma. This study compared immunohistochemical staining characteristics of oncocytomas arising from salivary gland to metastatic renal cell carcinoma using a panel of markers. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, CD10, and renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC) was performed on 10 oncocytomas and compared with ten metastatic renal cell carcinomas. RESULTS: There were overlapping histologic findings in the oncocytomas and metastatic renal cell carcinomas, with oncocytomas displaying clear cell changes in 2 of 10 cases. CK7 was positive in 9 of 10 oncocytomas and CK20 in 8 of 10 (7/10 stained for both), and vimentin was only weakly positive in 4 of 10 oncocytomas. All oncocytomas were EMA positive, with membranous staining, and all were negative for CD10 and RCC. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma was strongly positive for vimentin, EMA, and CD10 in most cases. RCC and CK7 were variably positive in metastatic renal cell carcinomas (4/10), and only 1 of 10 showed weak staining with CK20. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary gland oncocytomas and metastatic renal cell carcinomas share some similar histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. CD10 and CK20 were the most useful markers to distinguish metastatic renal cell carcinoma from oncocytomas in the salivary gland, whereas RCC, EMA, CK7, and vimentin are not as useful.