Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus-encoded Small Nuclear RNA 1 in Japanese Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas

An examination was made of the incidence of the Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) genome and its exact localization in 39 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Japanese patients by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) with a digoxigeninlabeled Epstein -Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA 1 (EBER1) oligonucleotide probe. Hybridization signals were observed in the nucleus of tumor cells in all 39 NPCs, including keratinizing carcinomas. The signals varied greatly in intensity from case to case and even from cell to cell in the same tumor, but were recognized in most tumor cells in each case. Signals could occasionally be seen in limiting number of infiltrating small lymphocytes but were absent in all tumors of the tongue, midpharynx and hypopharynx. Combined immunohistochemistry-ISH studies indicated that EBER1 signals were restricted to tumor cells positive for cytokeratin. As a result of this study, it is now possible to perform large-scale retrospective analyses using routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections and to combine ISH for the EBV genome with immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin to determine the epithelial features of EBV genome-possessing cells. All NPCs were clearly shown to be EBV-infected, thus indicating that EBV is essential for the oncogenesis of NPCs.     

鼻、鼻窦恶性肿瘤中EB病毒和人乳头状瘤病毒的检测

目的：探讨ＥＢ病毒和人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）与鼻、鼻窦恶性肿瘤的关系。方法：用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法检测,３２例鼻、鼻窦恶性肿瘤组织蜡块的ＥＢ病毒和ＨＰＶ（ＨＰＶ６、１１、１６、１８、３３型）基因,分析其与病理分型及ＴＮＭ分期的关系。结果：３２例中检出ＥＢ病毒１２例（３７．５％）,ＨＰＶ２１例（６５．６％）,其中混合感染６例,５例均未检出。与之对照的１０例鼻息肉中未检出ＥＢＶ和ＨＰＶ。ＴＮＭ分     

Primary Burkitt's Lymphoma in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Burkitt''s lymphoma is a highly aggressive small B-cell lymphoma. The treatment of choice is complex chemotherapy. As a rare tumor in the head and neck area, Burkitt''s lymphoma usually involves cervical lymph nodes, and only fewer than 25% of cases involves extranodal regions. Involvement of the paranasal sinuses has been reported in only 14 cases in the past century. We describe here two patients with rare, sporadic, American type Burkitt''s lymphoma involving the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses manifesting nasal obstruction. We also review clinical and histological features of Burkitt''s lymphoma.     

Toll样受体mRNA在鼻息肉中的表达及意义

目的探讨Toll样受体-2(Toll-like receptor2,TLR-2)及Toll样受体-4(Toll-like receptor-4,TLR-4)mRNA在鼻息肉中的表达,分析TLR-2和TLR-4在鼻息肉发病中的作用。方法应用核酸分子原位杂交技术检测25例鼻息肉患者和20例鼾症患者下鼻甲中TLR-2和TLR-4 mRNA的表达。结果TLR-2和TLR-4 mRNA在25例鼻息肉中均有表达,且分别与对照组间差异有显著性意义。结论TLR-2和TLR-4在鼻息肉中高表达,表明感染性因素仍然是鼻息肉发病中的重要因素。     

STAT3,STAT5在EBV相关鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的表达

目的研究STAT3和STAT5在EBV相关鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及其临床意义。方法在25例鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中用免疫组化方法检测LMP1、STAT3和STAT5的表达,原位杂交检测EBER1/2的表达。分析STAT3、STAT5与鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤临床病理特征的关系。20例慢性鼻窦炎的鼻腔淋巴组织作对照。结果EBER1/2和LMP1的阳性率在鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中分别为92%和60%,而对照组EBER1/2和LMP 1的阳性率分别为2 0%和1 5%。STAT3在鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤和对照组中的阳性率分别为5 6%和1 0%(P<0.05);STAT5在鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤和对照组中的阳性率分别为为68%和15%(P<0.05)。STAT3和STAT5的表达与LMP1表达均成正相关(r=0.428,P<0.05和r=0.490,P<0.05)。缓解组和复发组STAT 3阳性率分别为73.3%和30%(P<0.05)。缓解组和复发组STAT 5阳性率分别为93.3%和3 0%(P<0.01)。Cox回归分析显示STAT5是独立的预后影响因子。结论STAT3和STAT5可能参与EB病毒相关鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的发生,并且STAT3和STAT5表达状况与肿瘤复发有关;STAT5是独立的预后因子。     

用聚合酶链反应检测鼻咽癌脱落细胞中EB病毒DNA

应用聚合酶连反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测３５例鼻咽癌患者（２４例刚进行￣（６０）Ｃｏ放疗或未治疗，１１例放疗接近结束或刚结束）的鼻咽部脱落细胞中的ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ，１２例急、慢性扁桃体炎或咽炎患者为正常对照组，另有４例鼻咽癌的活检组织。结果：２４例鼻咽癌未治疗或刚治疗组中脱落细胞ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ阳性２０例（８３．３％），阴性４例（１６．７％）；１１例鼻咽癌放疗将近结束或刚结束组ＥＢ病毒阳性１例（９．１％），阴性１０例（９０．９％）；１２例对照组ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ阳性１例（８．３％），阴性１１例（９１．７％）。４例鼻咽部活检组织ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ均阳性。说明应用鼻咽部刮片脱落细胞进行ＰＣＲ反应检测ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ是一种方法简单、痛苦少，特异性强、灵敏度高的检测手段，可用于鼻咽癌的诊断、普查、流行病学调查等。     

鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤9例临床分析

目的：探讨鼻NK／T细胞淋巴瘤(NK／T-cell Lymphoma)的临床特征、组织病理学特点、治疗效果和预后，为诊断和治疗提供经验。方法：对9例鼻NK／T细胞淋巴瘤患者均取活组织标本进行组织病理学检查及形态学和免疫表型分析；按Ann Arbor国际分期标准进行临床分期。9例分别采用单纯放疗(1例)、单纯化疗(2例)、局部放疗结合全身联合化疗(6例)等治疗方法。结果：9例鼻NK／T细胞淋巴瘤局部病变均表现为黏膜弥漫性浸润、溃疡，组织坏死脱落，而非结节状外生性肿物；组织病理学特征为NK／T细胞淋巴瘤有血管中心、血管浸润和坏死现象，细胞呈多型性；免疫组化特点为CD45RO^ ，CD43^ ，CD3ε^ ，CD56^ 。9例患者全部死亡，从发病至死亡时间为3～34个月。结论：鼻NK／T细胞淋巴瘤多原发于下鼻甲和鼻中隔，好发于男性，病程短、病情进展快、恶性度较高，具有独特的免疫学和病理学特点，具有较高的侵袭性，预后差。     

Immunohistochemical absence of CD21 membrane receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus in Spanish patients

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to analyze the relevance of the CD21 membrane receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). CD21 is implicated in the introduction of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome into epithelial cells and B lymphocytes. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical analysis of CD21 in NPC. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded samples of NPC of different histological types with demonstrated presence of EBV were analyzed for CD21 expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: We detected EBV by non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 100% of samples, regardless of histological type, supporting the previous view that all the types of NPC are variants of an EBV-associated malignancy. CD21 was not detected in NPC, and this absence was a typical feature in our data group. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of the CD21 membrane receptor could be one of the immunophenotypical changes of the neoplastic cells that occur in the evolution of the NPC malignancy.     

新疆汉族和维吾尔族鼻咽癌组织的PCR和免疫组化检测比较

目的：了解新疆汉族维吾尔族（维）族鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）发病因素的差别。方法：用ＰＣＲ与免疫组化技术对７３例ＮＰＣ组织（汉族４１例,维族３２例）分别进行ＥＢ病毒脱氧核糖核酸（ＥＢＶ－ＤＮＡ）、ＥＢ病毒核抗原（ＥＢＮＡ２）、潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ－１）检测。     

The 30-bp deletion of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 gene has no effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: The specific 30-bp deletion of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-derived latent membrane protein-1 gene has been suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and a more aggressive phenotype of some EBV-associated malignancies. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study. Between 1995 and 2001, 542 patients who had received complete courses of radiotherapy followed by at least 3 years of follow up were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of the 30-bp deletion in their tumor samples. RESULTS: A total of 446 (82.3%) patients were found to feature the 30-bp deletion, whereas 88 (16.2%) did not. Interestingly, dual infection was found in eight (1.5%) patients. No statistical significance was found in age, gender, NPC-presenting stage, radiosensitivity, and pathologic classification between the two groups. The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate and the distant metastasis-free rate for the 30-bp deletion and nondeletion group were not statistically different (61.3% vs. 65.4% and 68.1% vs. 73.1%; P = .132 and .135, respectively). In multivariate analysis, older age, nasopharyngeal recurrence, advanced tumor stage, and the development of distant metastasis were shown to be poorer prognosticators for overall survival, whereas the presence of 30-bp deletion was not. For distant metastasis, only advanced tumor stage was shown to be a poor prognosticator, whereas other variables, including the presence of 30-bp deletion, had no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective cohort, we have demonstrated that this specific 30-bp sequence deletion might be only the predominant variant rather than an NPC phenotype-associated polymorphism. Additionally, dual infection is a rare but possible phenomenon in the endemic NPC tumors.     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中增殖细胞核抗原和Bcl-2的表达及意义

目的检测、观察和对比鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(sinonasal inverted papillomas,SNIP)增殖的上皮和鼻息肉(nasal polyps,NP)炎性上皮中细胞增殖和凋亡抑制的表达情况并分析其相关性,探讨细胞增殖和凋亡抑制在SNIP发生和发展中的作用及意义。方法 SNIP标本30例,均为初发病例;鼻内镜手术中所取NP标本15例,亦均为初发病例。用免疫组化法检测标本上皮中增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)和Bcl-2的表达情况。结果在30例SNIP标本和15例NP标本中PCNA和Bcl-2均有表达,在SNIP标本中两者表达均高于15例NP标本(t=5.626,P=0.0001;t=2.539,P=0.011)。在SNIP标本中,细胞增殖与细胞凋亡抑制的表达呈正相关(r=0.53,P<0.005)。结论细胞增殖及凋亡抑制可能共同参与了SNIP的发生及发展。细胞增殖在SNIP的发生和发展中起主要的作用。相关分析显示PCNA与Bcl-2分别作为细胞增殖辅助因子和细胞凋亡的调控基因在SNIP的发生发展中可能具有一定的相关性。