高原红细胞增多症骨髓红系祖细胞体外培养的研究

目的 了解高原红细胞增多症(HAPC)骨髓红系组细胞增殖状况。方法 HAPC患者25例,正常对照22例身体健康者,应用造血祖细胞体外培养技术了解骨髓红系祖细胞(BFU-E,CFU-E)增殖能力,BFU-E及CFU-E对红细胞生成素(Epo)的反应能力。结果 HAPC患者骨髓BFU-E,CFU-E集落数分别高于正常对照。Epo对HAPC患者骨髓BFU-E,CFU-E刺激明显,与正常对照组比较BFU-E集落数差异显著(P<0.05);CFU-E集落数差异显著(P<0.01)。结论 HAPC骨髓红系祖细胞增殖能力增强,对Epo敏感性增高。     

新型四物胶囊对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能的影响

目的评价新型四物胶囊对60Coγ射线所致小鼠造血功能损伤的影响,为该药的临床研究提供参考依据。方法采用2.5 Gy60Coγ射线全身照射,照后连续给药7 d。正常组和模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水,新型四物胶囊高、中、低剂量（20.0、10.0、5.0 g.kg-1）组分别在照前、照后第1、4、7、11、14、17、23天检测外周血象,同时在照后第7天进行CD34＋细胞检测、骨髓造血祖细胞集落培养。结果新型四物胶囊各剂量在造模后7 d提高CD34＋细胞数,促进CFU-GM增殖,同时高剂量还促进CFU-E、BFU-E及CFU-Mix增殖;第7～14天显著升高白细胞与血小板数。结论新型四物胶囊可有效改善60Coγ射线对小鼠所致的造血损伤,提高骨髓造血功能,进而促进外周血各组分恢复正常。     

白蛋白融合型G-CSF对3.0 Gy ~（60）Co γ射线照射恒河猴造血损伤的作用

目的：观察重组人血清白蛋白-粒细胞集落刺激因子融合蛋白（HSA-G-GSF）对3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射恒河猴造血系统损伤的作用。方法：18只成年恒河猴给予3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射,随机分为照射对照,HSA-G-CSF,吉粒芬对照3组。吉粒芬对照组动物照射后0~13d每天1次皮下注射吉粒芬5μg/kg。HSA-G-CSF组动物分别于照射后0和7d皮下注射HSA-G-CSF 150μg/kg。观察各组动物外周血象、造血祖细胞数、造血组织病理学。结果：HSA-G-CSF可显著提高照射后恒河猴外周血中白细胞、中性粒细胞、网织红细胞和造血祖细胞的数量,可促进骨髓造血功能恢复,有效保护脾脏和淋巴结组织结构和细胞完整。结论：HSA-G-CSF融合蛋白可明显促进急性辐射损伤猴造血功能恢复,与吉粒芬相比,对3.0Gy 60 Coγ射线照射恒河猴造血损伤有更显著的治疗作用。     

Cimetidine对小鼠低氧条件下红系造血增强的抑制作用

本实验以组按H_2受体拮抗剂甲氰咪胍(Cimetidine)处理低压(0.5大气压)条件下生活的LACA小鼠。观察到:低氧两周后外周RBC数、PCV、Hb骨髓CFU-E数和BFU-E数明显增多,且CFU-E和BFU-E集落较大(集落直径为正常对照的3～5倍,资料未录入);外周血WBC数及骨髓CFU-GM数明显减少。CFU-S向红系分化明显增多,向巨核系、粒系分化明显减少。低氧小鼠同时给予Cimetidine两周后与低氧对照组比较,外周血RBC数、PCV、Hb、CFU-E数、BFU-E数均明显减少。外周血WBC数和Pt数在Cimetidine低剂量组(1mg/天)升高,但随着剂量的增加又有降低趋势(无统计学意义)。Cimetidine使CFU-GM数较低氧对照组明显增多,但随着剂量的增加CFU-GM增多的幅度逐渐减少。高浓度的Cimetidine(2-4mg/天)使CFU-S数较低氧对照组明显减少。CFU-S在Gmetidine的作用下向红系分化明显减少。而向粒系和巨核系的分化相对增多。     

白细胞介素1的辐射防护作用——与红细胞系和粒-巨噬集落形成细胞(GM-CFC)的关系

本文报道纯化的人类白细胞介素1(rIL-1)给予正常和照射小鼠辐射防护剂量20小时后对红细胞系和粒-巨噬集落形成细胞的影响.实验用B6D2F1雌性健康小鼠,12～14周龄,给药组腹腔注射rIL-15.6μg/kg,对照组注射0.5mL生理盐水,给药后20小时照射.~(60)Coγ线,剂量率0.4Gy/min,全身照射6.5、1.0和0.5Gy.结果:6.5Gy照后24小时,给药组与照射对照组的GM-CFC/股骨分别为非照射对照组的1.2±0.6%和1.0±0.3%,给药组经0.5Gy和0.1Gy照后二天,BFU-E/股骨,股骨与牌的CFU-E值均高于照射对照组.rIL-1和生理盐水注入后20小时,对脾细胞数无明显影响,然而rIL-1注射鼠每股骨细胞总数几乎是对照组骨髓细胞数的79%,每个股骨的GM-     

阿魏酸对小鼠骨髓造血功能辐射损伤的防护作用

目的 观察阿魏酸对小鼠外周血象和骨髓造血功能辐射损伤的防护作用,初步探讨阿魏酸的抗辐射作用机制。方法 6~8周ICR小鼠96只,随机数表法分为正常对照组、照射模型组、阳性药（408片）治疗组和阿魏酸10、30、90 mg ·kg^-1·d^-1治疗组,每组16只。小鼠初次给药后24 h接受3.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ单次全身照射,之后连续7 d给药。其中,每组10只用于观察照射前2 d及照射后3、7、10、15、22 d的外周血象;其余6只用于照射后7 d检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核细胞率、造血祖细胞集落形成能力、以及Thbd和HMGB1蛋白的表达水平。结果 与照射模型组比较,90 mg ·kg^-1 ·d^-1的阿魏酸可有效提高小鼠3.5 Gy照射后3、10、15、22 d的外周血白细胞数（t=2.267、2.399、1.945、2.828,P<0.05）,显著降低骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率（t=4.013,P<0.05）,明显提高造血祖细胞红细胞集落生成单位（CFU-E）、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位（BFU-E）和粒-单细胞集落生成单位（CFU-GM）的集落形成能力（t=2.366、2.953、3.115,P<0.05）,并提高骨髓细胞中Thbd和核内HMGB1蛋白表达水平（t=17.75、23.39,P<0.01）。结论 阿魏酸可通过调节Thbd和HMGB1蛋白表达,促进小鼠骨髓造血功能辐射损伤修复,加速外周血象恢复。     

脐带血清在骨髓造血祖细胞培养中的效应

目的:探讨人脐带血清(CBS)在骨髓造血祖细胞培养中的效应,为脐血的应用提供实验依据.方法:用人骨髓单个核细胞,分别加入CBS或混合脐带血清(MCBS)和细胞因子,进行造血祖细胞(CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GEMM)培养,观察集落数.结果:10?S能直接刺激骨髓细胞CFU-GM的形成.CBS的刺激活性和骨髓细胞血型相同与否无关.4人份以上的MCBS,刺激产生的CFU-GM显著高于单人份、双人份混合者,活性稳定.在CFU-GM培养时,20%MCBS与100ng/mlGM-CSF、20%马血清具有相同的效果.MCBS可提高CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GEMM常规体系的集落产率.10%MCBS相当于65.6ng/ml GM-CSF、0.23U/ml、0.3U/ml 0.46U/ml Epo对CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GEMM所起的作用.20%MCBS可直接刺激CFU-E形成.如培养体系内无BpA(爆式集落活性)存在时,形成 BFU-E、CFU-GEMM较少或几乎为零,当含BpA时,可形成一定量的BFU-E、CFU-GEMM集落.结论:CBS(MCBS)内含有能刺激CFU-GM、CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GEMM的生长活性;同血型或不同血型4人份以上混合,其刺激活性高,且稳定.具有良好的应用前景.     

白藜芦醇促进γ射线照射小鼠造血系统损伤修复的作用

目的观察白藜芦醇对60Coγ射线照射小鼠造血系统损伤修复的影响。方法 ICR小鼠随机分成5组,即正常对照组、照射对照组以及白藜芦醇50、100、200 mg.kg-1照射组,照射前3 d灌服给药,每天1次。除正常对照组外,所有小鼠60Co射线全身5.5 Gy辐照1次,照射后第7天小鼠取骨髓细胞和脾脏,对骨髓单个核细胞和脾集落形成单位进行计数,测定骨髓细胞DNA含量和细胞周期。结果与正常对照组比较,照射对照组小鼠骨髓单个核细胞数和骨髓细胞DNA含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,脾集落形成单位数和S和G2/M期细胞百分率显著增多（P〈0.05）;与照射对照组比较,白藜芦醇100、200 mg.kg-1照射组小鼠照射骨髓单个核细胞数、骨髓细胞DNA含量、脾集落形成单位数和S和G2/M期细胞百分率显著增多（P〈0.05）,白藜芦醇50 mg.kg-1照射组有增多趋势。结论白藜芦醇可以促进60Coγ射线照射小鼠造血系统损伤的恢复,防护效果与给药剂量相关。     

E803药物对^60Co—γ射线照射小鼠造血系统的防护作用

目的 观察E803对^60Co-γ射线照射小鼠造血系统的辐射防护作用。方法 C57小鼠一次全身照射前灌胃给药E803和523，测定脾指数、CFU—S(7．5Gy)、外周血象(5．5Gy)、造血祖细胞集落形成(3．5Gy)。结果 7．5Gy照后第7d测定各给药组的脾指数、CFU—S明显较照射组增多。5．5Gy照射引起的小鼠的外周血细胞数量的降低以白细胞发生最早，照后24h给药组的WBC数量均比照射对照组有不同程度的升高，以E803各给药组最为明显，药物未能使照射引起的外周血细胞最低值升高，而有降低的趋势。但给药对照射后期外周血象的总体恢复有较好的促进作用。3．5Gy照后第7d观察给药组的造血祖细胞集落的形成能力强于照射对照组，并且E803组明显优于523组。结论 E803对^60Co-γ射线引起的小鼠造血系统损伤有保护作用。     

低剂量率γ线连续照射后造血损伤与恢复的长期观察

小鼠经低剂量率(70拉德/天)γ线连续照射25天后,造血干细胞和造血祖细胞数量大幅度减少。在连续观察的一年期间,虽然骨髓有核细胞数和晚红系祖细胞(CFU-E)很快恢复到了正常水平,但造血干细胞(CFU-S)、祖细胞(BFU-E、CFU-GM)却始终处于低下状态,其水平相当于向年龄正常动物的50～70%.骨髓造血微环境也同时受到不同程度的破坏,停止照射詹半年其CFU-F只恢复至正常的70%.这些结果表明,小鼠经低剂量率γ线连续照射后,造血组织中存在着潜在的损伤,它是产生一系列辐射远后效应的重要原因。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.