宫颈癌全子宫切除术后的心理护理

子宫颈癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中最常见的一种。子宫颈癌的发病率在女性肿瘤中居第1,患者好发于35～39岁和60～64岁,年龄分布呈双峰状,平均年龄为52.2岁,病死率居女性肿瘤的第4位。子宫切除是一种常见手术,多数女性认为子宫切除后会改变内分泌、影响性生活,从而对手术     

宫颈癌患者术后盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关因素分析

目的 探讨宫颈癌患者术后发生盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关因素,为预防和临床治疗提供一定的参考依据.方法 收集121例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,采用Logistic逐步回归分析法对宫颈癌患者术后发生盆底功能障碍性疾病的危险因素进行分析.结果121例宫颈癌患者中,74例(61.16%)患者术后发生了盆底功能障碍性疾病.单因素分析发现,年龄、肿瘤直径、绝经情况和留置尿管时间对盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生有影响.多因素分析发现,年龄≥45岁(OR=2.380,95% CI:1.194~4.744)、肿瘤直径≥4 cm(OR=1.866,95% CI:1.870~2.935)、绝经(OR=1.902,95% CI:1.217~2.974)和留置尿管时间≥7 d(OR=4.010,95% CI:1.259~12.773)是宫颈癌患者术后发生盆底功能障碍性疾病的独立危险因素.结论 宫颈癌根治术后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生率较高,对于年龄较大、绝经、分娩次数较多的患者应尽早采取相应措施,减少盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生率.     

不同时机盆底康复治疗对宫颈癌Piver Ⅲ型子宫切除术患者术后盆底功能的影响

目的:探讨不同时机盆底康复治疗对宫颈癌Piver Ⅲ型子宫切除术患者术后尿潴留、留置尿管时间、排尿功能、盆底肌电生理功能及盆底功能障碍的影响。方法:选取2019年01月至2020年06月在我院妇科行Piver Ⅲ型子宫切除术+双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫术并经术后病理结果证实的宫颈癌患者64例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分组,最终纳入观察组与对照组,各30例。观察组术后7天开始盆底康复治疗,对照组术后14天开始盆底康复治疗,两组的盆底康复治疗方法、疗程一致。比较两组患者术后尿潴留情况及留置尿管时间;于治疗前、术后1个月、术后3个月观察比较两组患者自由尿流率、盆底肌电生理功能、盆底功能障碍评价。结果:观察组患者尿潴留发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者留置尿管时间短于对照组(P＜0.05)。术后1个月、术后3个月,观察组患者最大尿流率(Qmax)、平均尿流率(Qave)及排尿量高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者排尿时间、残余尿量低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力、盆底动态压力、肌电位高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组患者POPDI-6、CRADI-8、UDI-6及PFDI-20总分低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:早期介入盆底康复治疗可有效降低宫颈癌行Piver Ⅲ型子宫切除术患者术后尿潴留发生率,缩短尿管留置时间,并提高盆底肌力,改善盆底功能。     

子宫次全切除术宫颈残端癌2例报告

例 1 ,患者女性 ,38岁。 2 0 0 0年 5月 31日来院就诊。主诉 :性生活后少量阴道出血 2年。曾于 5年前因“子宫肌瘤”做子宫次全切除术。既往月经规则 ,周期 30天 ,经期 5天。 1 - 0 - 1 - 1。妇科检查 :外阴 ( - ) ;阴道少量血迹 ;宫颈增粗 ,形态异常 ,质地偏硬 ,表面见溃疡 ,已结痂 ,与阴道分界不清 ,穹窿部消失 ;盆腔空虚 ,未及肿块。宫颈涂片行细胞学检查 :发现可疑癌细胞。宫颈活检病理诊断 :子宫颈中分化鳞状细胞癌。转肿瘤医院放射治疗。例 2 ,患者女性 ,45岁。因渐进性痛经 1 0年 ,加重 3月就诊。月经初潮 1 4岁 ,周期 2 6天 ,经期 5…     

广泛性全子宫切除术与全子宫加双侧附件切除术对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的疗效对比

目的对比分析广泛性全子宫切除术与全子宫加双侧附件切除术对Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的疗效。方法选择Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者80例,按照手术治疗方法的不同分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用广泛性全子宫切除术,观察组采用全子宫加双侧附件切除术,比较2组的治疗效果。结果观察组的术中出血量和手术时间均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的术后并发症发生率为10.00%(6/60),明显低于对照组的25.00%(5/20)(P<0.05)。2组的术后复发率及3年生存率相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论与广泛性全子宫切除术相比,全子宫加双附件切除术能有效减少Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者的术中出血量,缩短手术时间,并且降低术后的并发症发生率,具有较好的手术治疗效果。     

腹腔镜下广泛性全子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈癌的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下广泛性全子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈癌的近远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2012年1月在靖江市人民医院接受手术治疗的70例早期宫颈癌患者的临床病历资料。按照手术方式的不同,将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组35例。对照组患者采用常规开腹子宫切除和淋巴结清扫,观察组患者采用腹腔镜辅助下广泛性全子宫切除手术和淋巴结清扫。随访3年,比较两组患者手术中及手术后相关指标、并发症情况和1~3年生存率。结果观察组患者的手术时间明显长于对照组,而手术中出血量和手术中输血量均明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。观察组患者盆腔引流量、肛门排气时间、体温恢复至正常时间、尿管拔除时间、静脉使用抗生素时间和住院时间均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。观察组患者手术后并发症发生率为8.6%,明显少于对照组的28.6%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者手术后1~3年生存率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜辅助下广泛性全子宫切除术治疗早期宫颈器患者可获得较好的近远期疗效,且安全性较好,值得临床推广应用。     

根治性子宫切除术的技巧和误区

作者就宫颈癌手术名称谈了自己的看法,并结合自己的经验对根治性子宫切除中的填塞阴道、锐性和钝性分离的合理应用、膀胱侧窝和直肠侧窝的显露、输尿管隧道的处理等手术技巧进行了介绍,并对临床上根治性子宫切除术进行时存在的几个误区予以纠正。     

宫颈癌广泛子宫全切及盆腔淋巴结清除术后血清蛋白质变化

目的比较宫颈癌患者在广泛子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清除手术前后血清中蛋白质的变化,寻找评价治疗效果的可能性指标。方法采用铜离子结合芯片、表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱仪以及配套软件,检测49例宫颈癌及71例年龄相配的健康女性血清,筛选出一组有分类意义的差异蛋白质。用同样的方法检测35例宫颈癌广泛子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清除手术后10d及术后3个月的血清,比较这一组差异蛋白质的变化。结果宫颈癌与正常对照组比较,共有47种蛋白质质谱峰差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),有分类意义的蛋白质有6种,质荷比(M/Z)为M8929.31、M7930.52、M9127.31、M8141.01、M7963.06和M9280.63,在宫颈癌患者中低表达,含量明显低于正常对照,用质荷比为M8929.31的蛋白质建立决策树分类模型,敏感性为97.96%(48/49),特异性为98.59%(70/71)。经手术治疗后,除M/Z为M9280.63的蛋白质较手术前略有下降外(P>0.05),其余5种则明显回升(P<0.05),术后3个月时复查,这6种蛋白质继续回升(P<0.05)。结论质荷比为M8929.31、M7930.52、M9127.31、M8141.01、M7963.06及M9280.63的一组蛋白质与宫颈癌密切相关,有可能成为评价宫颈癌治疗效果以及判断预后的一组指标。     

腹腔镜辅助根治性子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌效果的Meta分析

[目的]比较腹腔镜根治性子宫切除术(laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,LRH)与开腹根治性子宫切除术(radical abdominal hysterectomy,RAH)治疗宫颈癌的疗效及安全性.[方法]检索1990～2011年间发表的关于LRH与RAH治疗宫颈癌的研究.采用Revman 5.1软件进行Meta分析以及亚组分析.[结果]本研究共有16篇文献符合入选标准,包括1 077例宫颈癌患者,其中,LRH组患者501例,RAH组患者576例.Meta分析发现,LRH组的手术时间显著短于RAH组患者(Z=2.90,P=0.004).亚组分析发现,LRH组与RAH组的手术时间在不同设计类型的研究中,呈现不同的结果.另外,LRH组的术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间、淋巴结切除数量以及术后排气时间等安全性指标均优于RAH组.[结论]腹腔镜下根治性全子宫切除术与开腹根治性子宫切除术相比,在治疗宫颈癌手术中具有明显的优势.腹腔镜下根治性全子宫切除术对于手术治疗宫颈癌具有重要的临床应用价值,对于宫颈癌患者手术创伤、术后疾病的恢复具有积极作用.     

广泛性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术对宫颈癌患者盆底功能的影响

目的 探究广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术对宫颈癌患者盆底功能的影响.方法 选取行广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术的32例宫颈癌患者为宫颈癌组,选取同期行子宫全切术的32例子宫良性病变患者为对照组,对两组患者的术前和术后相关指标进行比较.结果 手术前,两组患者尿失禁、尿潴留、排便困难、便失禁的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);手术后,宫颈癌组患者尿失禁、便失禁的发生率均高于对照组(P﹤0.05);手术后,两组患者尿潴留、排便困难的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);两组患者术后最大尿流率、平均尿流率、排尿时间、达峰时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);手术后,宫颈癌组患者的Ⅰ类肌纤维肌力、Ⅰ类肌纤维疲劳度、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力、Ⅱ类肌纤维疲劳度、肌电位均低于对照组(P﹤0.05).结论 宫颈癌患者经广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术后较易发生盆底功能障碍性疾病,长时间和大面积的手术可对患者的组织及神经造成严重损伤,影响患者的排尿、排便等盆底功能.     

Total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced stage IB2-IIB cervical cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility and morbidity of total laparoscopic class C2 radical hysterectomy (TLRH) with pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer stage IB2 to IIB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Methods

A prospective study was conducted from October 2004 to September 2009. Cervical cancer patients, stage IB2-IIB with complete clinical response after 3 courses of NACT with paclitaxel 175 mg/m², ifosfamide 5 g/m² and cisplatin 75 mg/m² (TIP) underwent TLRH.

Results

Forty patients were included, with a median age of 46 years (range, 25-65), BMI of 24 kg/m² (range, 15-49). FIGO staging was IB2 in 23, IIA > 4 cm in 6 and IIB in 11 patients. Four patients required conversion to laparotomy. Pathological evaluation showed 9 complete response (pCR), 9 partial response (pPR1) with microscopic tumour, and 15 partial response (pPR2) with macroscopic tumour. Three patients had no response. The median operative time was 305 min (range, 215-430); the median estimated blood loss was 250 ml (range, 100-400), with four postoperative blood transfusion; the median number of removed pelvic lymph nodes was 25 (range, 11-64). The median length of hospital stay was 6 days (range, 3-12). The median follow-up time was 37 months (range, 10-69), with three patients having a recurrence. One patient died of disease (DOD) after 12 months.

Conclusions

TLRH can be safely performed in patients with stage IB2-IIB carcinoma of cervix after NACT, with advantages of minimal blood loss and morbidity.     

Total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with Ib1 stage cervical cancer: Analysis of surgical and oncological outcome

Aim

To evaluate safety, feasibility and oncological outcome of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (TLRH) in patients with early invasive cervical cancer.

Methods

Data of patients with Ib1 cervical cancer who underwent TLRH were prospectively collected. Inclusion criteria were: good general condition, tumor size <3 cm, and no evidence of lymph node metastases in imaging study (MRI and/or CT and/or PET). Radical hysterectomy was performed with a PlasmaKinetic tissue management system. Adjuvant therapy was administered according to surgical risk factors.

Results

Between September 2001 and October 2007 107 patients underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Conversion to laparotomy was necessary in 6 patients. Median number of resected pelvic lymph nodes was 26. Median blood loss was 200 ml and median duration of surgery was 305 min. Minor intraoperative complications were registered in two patients, while five patients needed a second surgery for postoperative complications. Thirteen patients had microscopic nodal metastasis. A total of 24 patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 30 months 11 patients had a recurrence; survival rate is 95%.

Conclusion

Total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, in experienced hands, has to be considerate an adequate and feasible surgical technique. Considering historical data the oncological outcome can be considered comparable to patients treated with laparotomy, as the relapse rate in our population was 11% and the overall survival good.     

219例子宫颈癌根治术的并发症分析

目的分析子宫颈癌根治术后并发症及其相关因素,探讨其防治措施。方法1995年1月至2003年12月间,施行子宫颈癌根治术219例。其中ⅠA期26例（ⅠA1期17例,ⅠA2期9例）,ⅠB期142例（ⅠB1期78例,ⅠB2期64例）,ⅡA期40例,Ⅱb期3例,另外8例为外院治疗后无法分期。采用子宫颈癌根治术204例,改良子宫颈癌根治术15例。结果发生手术并发症49例,发生率为22．4％。手术并发症主要为尿潴留、淋巴囊肿、腹部伤口感染,其发生率分别为10．0％、7．8％和6．8％。子宫颈癌根治术并发症发生率高于改良子宫颈癌根治术。术前外院介入化疗、根治性放疗和既往有腹部手术史者的手术并发症发生率为分别为50．0％（2／4）、100％（1／1）和25．0％（13／52）,差异无统计学意义。87例术前辅助放疗的手术并发症发生率（25．3％）高于未辅助放疗者（19．4％）,但差异无统计学意义（P=0．239）。结论子宫颈癌根治术后并发症与术式有关,术前辅助腔内后装放疗不增加并发症,适当缩小手术范围可减少手术并发症。     

Treatment of cervical carcinoma by total hysterectomy and postoperative external irradiation

The survival rates of 36 patients with early cervical carcinoma who had undergone total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy (THBSO) were compared to the survival rates of 41 patients who were subjected to the radical operation. As an integral part of their therapy both groups postoperatively received adequate doses of external beam supervoltage irradiation. Satisfactory results were obtained in both groups of patients. According to these results THBSO followed by postoperative radiotherapy is adequate treatment for early cervical carcinoma. In comparison to the radical operation or curietherapy alone this type of treatment has the advantage of requiring less surgical or radiotherapeutic expertise; it probably is associated with less morbidity.     

Combined laparoscopic and transperineal endoscopic total pelvic exenteration for the vaginal stump recurrence of cervical cancer

Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) is sometimes required for radical treatment of locally advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancer [1]. However, TPE with a transabdominal approach requires highly advanced techniques in the case of repeated surgery due to the effects of primary surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy, especially when a transabdominal approach is used. Recent technical advances in transanal/transperineal endoscopic surgery have proved beneficial for complicated surgery in the deep pelvis [2]. Here we introduce our surgical procedure for combined laparoscopic and transperineal endoscopic TPE (TpTPE) for pelvic recurrence of cervical cancer. A 42-year-old woman was diagnosed with vaginal stump recurrence of cervical cancer involving the rectum, bladder, and ureters following hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection as primary surgery and chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy for previous recurrences. We decided to perform TpTPE with a combined laparoscopic approach. The GelPOINT advanced access platform was fixed through a perineal skin incision around the tightly closed anus, external urethral orifice, and vagina. With sufficient pneumopelvic pressure (12 mmHg), TpTPE was performed under a good surgical view without any effect of the primary surgery. A ureterostomy and sigmoid colostomy were created and a right gracilis muscle flap was used to reconstruct the pelvic defect. The total operative time and estimated blood loss were 887 minutes and 497 mL, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed recurrent cervical cancer invading the rectum, bladder, and bilateral ureters with negative surgical margins. The postoperative course was uneventful except for paralytic ileus. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 18. TpTPE is a technically feasible and effective approach for locally advanced pelvic tumors.     

Prevalence and characteristics of late postoperative voiding dysfunction in early-stage cervical cancer patients treated with radical hysterectomy.

BACKGROUND: Although effective as a primary treatment for early-stage cervical cancer, radical hysterectomy is associated with significant long-term morbidities, most commonly, voiding dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To examine prevalence and characteristics of voiding dysfunction following radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS: One hundred-eighty seven patients with FIGO stage IA2-IIA cervical cancer who underwent class II-III radical hysterectomy with systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy between January 1, 2002 and June 31, 2005 were interviewed with questionnaire on voiding function. Medical records were also reviewed for operative and pathologic data. RESULTS: The prevalence of symptomatic bladder dysfunction was 25.1%. There was no statistically significant association between rates of bladder dysfunction and all examined clinical/operative factors. The most common pattern of bladder dysfunction were incomplete emptying in 25 (13.4%) and urgency and nocturia in 21 (11.2%) each. CONCLUSION: Voiding dysfunction is a common and clinically significant long-term complication following radical hysterectomy. The pattern of dysfunction reflects combined surgical disruption of both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations of the pelvis.     

The number of pelvic lymph nodes in the quality control and prognosis of radical hysterectomy for the treatment of cervical cancer.

AIMS: To determine if the number of removed lymph nodes in radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy (RHL) influences survival of patients with early stage cervical cancer and to analyze the relation of different factors like patient age, tumour size and infiltration depth with the number of nodes examined in node-negative early stage cervical cancer patients. METHODS: Of consecutive patients, who underwent RHL between January 1984 and April 2005, 331 had negative nodes (group A) without adjuvant therapy and 136 had positive nodes (group B). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to detect statistical significance. Factors associated with excision of nodes were confirmed with linear regression models. RESULTS: The median number of removed nodes was 19 and 18 for group A and group B, respectively. There was no significant relationship between the number of removed nodes and the cancer specific survival (CSS) or disease free survival (DSF) for patients of group A (p=0.625 and p=0.877, respectively). The number of removed nodes in group B was not significantly associated with the CSS (p=0.084) but it was for the DSF (p=0.014). Factors like patient age, tumour size and infiltration depth were not associated with the number of nodes. CONCLUSIONS: No relation was found between the number of negative nodes examined after RHL for the treatment of early stage cervical cancer and CSS or DFS. However, a higher amount of removed lymph nodes leaded to a better DFS for patients with positive nodes. It is suggested that patients with positive nodes benefit from a complete pelvic lymphadenectomy and a sufficient yield of removed nodes.     

腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经平面根治性子宫切除术的初步临床研究

目的 探讨保留盆腔自主神经平面的腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术的技术要点、可行性及其对降低术后膀胱功能障碍的作用。方法 将2010年1月至2011年5月30例宫颈癌患者分为两组,一组（15例）根据盆腔自主神经的标志性结构行保留“神经平面”法,于腹腔镜下保留盆腔自主神经的根治性子宫切除术（LNSRH）,另一组（15例）行腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术（LRH）作为对照。结果 LNSRH 组15例患者中2例因出血较多保留单侧神经,1例为ⅡA期选择性保留病灶对侧盆腔神经,其余成功保留了双侧神经。全组30例患者均顺利完成手术,LNSRH组的手术时间为（301.8±47.6）min,长于LRH组的（178.3±17.0）min（P＜0.05）。术中出血量、术后肠道恢复时间、切除盆腔淋巴结的数目、宫旁和阴道切除范围两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后LNSRH组的住院时间为（10.9±2.0）d,明显少于LRH组的（15.1±0.8）d（P＜0.05）。LNSRH组术后拔除尿管的平均时间为（10.8±3.2）d,明显短于LRH组的（17.4±3.2）d（P＜005）。随访3～19个月,全组无复发和转移病例。结论 LNSRH在技术上安全、可行,可明显减少术后膀胱功能障碍,既不降低根治性标准,又有利于患者术后恢复及生活质量提高。