Natural killer cell activity in alcoholic cirrhosis: influence of nutrition

Forty-five patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 20 chronic alcoholics with normal liver function tests and 36 healthy subjects were investigated. A combined index of nine anthropometric and biochemical parameters (triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, mid-arm muscle area, body fat percentage, creatinine-height index, serum albumin, plasma transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein levels) was used to evaluate nutritional status, allowing a distinction to be made between those patients with adequate nutrition (group I: 40 per cent of cirrhotics and 55 per cent of alcoholics), those with slight malnutrition (group II: 37.7 per cent of cirrhotics and 45 per cent of alcoholics) and those with severe malnutrition (group III: 22.2 per cent of cirrhotics and none alcoholic). Natural Killer (NK) cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using a 51Cr releasing cytotoxicity assay against K562 target cells. This was significantly lower in the cirrhotics than in the controls and chronic alcoholics (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01 respectively), but there was no difference between the latter two groups. Natural Killer activity was significantly lower in samples obtained from cirrhotics with severe malnutrition than in those with adequate nutrition, suggesting that malnutrition may play a role in the onset of the immunological disorder. No relationship could be established between nutritional status, NK activity and the clinical activity of the disease using Orrego's index on the liver function tests.     

Nutritional support in hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver disease

The effects of a nutritional support in hospitalized patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and liver failure were studied in a controlled protocol. Thirty-six patients were included, 17 were randomly assigned to an experimental group and the rest to a control group. Experimentals received a diet aiming at 50 kcal (209 kJ)/kg bodyweight/d and 1.5 g protein/kg bodyweight/d (as proteins of high biological value). Controls received the standard diet prescribed by the attending physician. The severity of liver failure and the nutritional status on admission were similar in both groups. The measured energy intake in controls was 1813 +/- 121 kcal/d (7589 +/- 506 kJ/d) and 2707 +/- 71 kcal/d (1131 +/- 297 kJ/d) in experimentals (P less than 0.001). The protein intake in controls was 47 +/- 3.8 g/d and in experimentals 80 +/- 3 g/d (P less than 0.001). There were seven deaths during the study period (two experimentals and five controls). No differences were observed in the evolution of liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy or nutritional status between both study groups. It is concluded that a higher energy and protein intake in these patients does not have adverse effects and is associated with a non-significant reduction in mortality.     

Interleukin-1 in alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver: the influence of nutrition.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine produced by the macrophage-monocyte system that has important effects on immunological responses and inflammatory reactions. Several clinical studies have shown that severe protein energy malnutrition adversely effects cell-mediated immune responses and the functional state of macrophages. The objective of this study was to analyse IL-1 production by adherent cells stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide B (LPS) from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and its possible relationship with nutritional states. Forty-five patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 28 healthy donors were investigated. A combined index of nine anthropometric and biochemical parameters was used to evaluate nutritional status of cirrhotic patients, allowing a distinction to be made between those patients with acceptable nutrition (group I: 40%), those with slight malnutrition (group II: 37.7%), and those with severe malnutrition (group III: 22.3%). IL-1 activity was significantly lower in the cirrhosis patients than in the controls (P less than 0.001). This activity also was significantly lower in samples obtained from cirrhotics with severe malnutrition than in those with acceptable nutrition (P less than 0.05); the combined index and the sole anthropometric index gave the same results, suggesting that malnutrition may play a role in the immunoregulatory disturbances in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.     

Dietary patterns of women smokers and non-smokers

The 1-day food intakes of 1,338 women, aged 19 to 50, who were respondents in the 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, were studied. The energy, nutrient, and food intake patterns of smokers, those how had quit smoking, and those who had never smoked cigarettes were compared. Mean energy intakes of smokers (1,627 kcal), those who had never smoked (1,620 kcal), and those who had quit at least 1 year before the interview (1,719 kcal) were not significantly different. Self-reported body weight was significantly different between never-smokers and smokers (p less than .01) and quitters (p less than .05) only for the oldest category of women (ages 41 to 50 years). The consumption of fruits (p less than .001) and vegetables (p less than .01) was significantly lower and the intake of eggs (p less than .01), sugars (p less than .001), regular carbonated soft drinks (p less than .01), coffee (p less than .001), and alcoholic beverages (p less than .001) was significantly higher for women smokers than for non-smokers. After controlling through regression analysis for physical activity, health status, and demographic characteristics, we found that smokers, compared with never-smokers, had significantly lower protein (p less than .04), dietary fiber (p less than .001), vitamin C (p less than .001), and thiamin (p less than .01) intakes and higher cholesterol (p less than .02) intakes per 1,000 kcal.     

A new perspective in the assessment of vitamin B-6 nutritional status during pregnancy in humans

Plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration has been suggested as a valid indicator to assess vitamin B-6 nutritional status. Animal and human studies have shown that plasma PLP concentrations decrease progressively during pregnancy and large doses of vitamin B-6 supplementation are required to maintain plasma PLP at early or prepregnant levels. PLP is known to be hydrolyzed to pyridoxal (PL) by alkaline phosphatase (ALP), resulting in an inverse relationship between PLP and ALP. The object of this study was to compare the PLP-PL equilibrium in a group of healthy pregnant females with that of an age-matched nonpregnant control group from a similar socioeconomic background. The mean plasma PLP level was 37% lower, (P less than 0.0001), whereas the mean PL level was almost 90% higher (P less than 0.001) in the pregnant group than in the nonpregnant control group. The total amount of plasma PLP and PL levels, however, did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.24) between the two groups. Because the PL vitamer is regarded as the ultimate transport form of vitamin B-6, it may serve as a readily available source of vitamin B-6 to meet possible increased metabolic demands. Therefore, the estimation of plasma PLP alone does not permit an accurate assessment or understanding of the nutritional status and the physiology of vitamin B-6 in conditions associated with altered vitamin B-6 homeostases.     

社会经济状况对北京市急性心肌梗死患者心血管疾病危险因素分布和临床治疗的影响

目的 评估社会经济状况对北京市急性心肌梗死患者心血管疾病危险因素分布和临床治疗的影响.方法 数据来源于前瞻性、多中心、注册研究.包括2005年11月至2006年12月连续入选自北京市19家医院因患急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死并于24 h2:内到达上述医院且住院接受治疗的800名患者.主要社会经济指标包括:自述个人经济收入、受教育程度以及医疗保险情况.按照受教育程度,将患者分为社会经济状况较差和较好两组.分别比较两组患者的心血管疾病危险因素分布和住院期间临床治疗情况.结果 社会经济状况较好的患者中糖尿病和高血脂症患者的比例明显高于社会经济状况较差的患者(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).社会经济状况较差的患者中吸烟患者的比例较高(P＜0.05).社会经济状况较差的患者接受冠脉造影和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)的比例明显低于社会经济状况较好的患者.医疗保险与经济收入是决定进行PTCA的最重要的两个社会经济因素.结论 与社会经济状况较差的冠心病患者相比,社会经济状况较好的患者其危险因素中,高脂血症和糖尿病的比例较高,而吸烟率较低;社会经济状况较差的患者接受介入性检查和治疗手段的比例较低.     

经济收人对男男性接触者艾滋病高危性行为的影响研究

目的 探讨中国男男性接触者(MSM)中不同经济收入人群艾滋病高危性行为状况.方法 采用定向抽样方法,对9个城市2250例MSM进行匿名问卷调查,比较高、中、低经济收入人群的高危性行为发生状况.结果 高和中等收入组累计同性性伴数(平均分别为110.17个和71.97个)、同性口交性伴数(平均分别为62.45个和46.6个)、同性肛交性伴数(平均分别为52.21个和32.3个)均明显高于低收入组(P＜0.01),高收入组累计同性性伴数、同性口交性伴数及同性肛交性伴数均明显高于中等收入组(P＜0.05).高和中等收入组最近一次肛交安全套使用率(分别为79.03%和77.29%)明显高于低收入组(P＜0.01).高收入组最近一次与男性性工作者性交(3.81%)百分率明显高于中等及低收入组(P＜0.01).高和中等收人组曾经向男性"买"性(分别为24.27%和14.7%)的百分率明显高于低收入组(P＜0.01),高收入组曾经向男性"买"性的百分率明显高于中等收入组(P＜0.01).高和中等收入组是男性性工作者(分别为6.72%和11.05%)的百分率明显低于低收入组(P＜0.01),高收人组是男性性工作者的百分率明显低于中等收入组(P＜0.01).结论 MSM中不同经济状况人群具有某些不同的AIDS高危性行为,较好的经济状况并不能制约高危性行为,因此对不同的亚人群应制定和实施相应的AIDS干预措施.     

肠内微生态营养对RICU中老年COPD呼吸衰竭患者营养及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨肠内肠内微生态营养营养治疗对RICU重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病并呼吸衰竭患者营养状态、免疫功能、血气分析等的影响。方法:采取随机对照试验方法,将60例COPD急性加重期患者分为肠内微生态营养组(EIEN组)(n=30)和普通肠内营养对照组(n=30)疗程10~14天。比较两组患者治疗前后患者NRS2002-1评分、体质量指数(BMI)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、上臂肌围(MAMC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)浓度及感染指标PCT、免疫球蛋白、细胞亚群、血气分析等指标的变化。结果:治疗10~14天后,两组患者营养状况改善无显著差异(P>0.05),但治疗后两组患者营养状况较治疗前均有改善。营养组治疗后免疫功能改善高于对照组(P<0.05)。营养组治疗后血气分析改善高于对照组,营养组治疗的感染指标改善高于对照组。营养组腹泻及腹胀发生率低于对照组,平均住院天数及死亡率低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论:肠内微生态营养能明显改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并呼吸衰竭患者的免疫功能和营养状况,同时能减轻全身炎性反应,促进疾病恢复。     

Patterns of alcohol consumption in middle-aged men from France and Northern Ireland. The PRIME study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the patterns of alcohol consumption in France and Northern Ireland. DESIGN: Four cross-sectional studies. SETTING: Sample of 50-59 y old men living in France and Northern Ireland, consuming at least one unit of alcoholic beverage per week. SUBJECTS: 5363 subjects from France and 1367 from Northern Ireland. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: Consumption of wine was higher in France whereas consumption of beer and spirits was higher in Northern Ireland. Alcohol drinking was rather homogeneous throughout the week in France, whereas Fridays and Saturdays accounted for 60% of total alcohol consumption in Northern Ireland. In both countries, current smokers had a higher consumption of all types of alcoholic beverages than non-smokers. Similarly, obese and hypertensive subjects had a higher total alcohol consumption than non-obese or normotensive subjects, but the type of alcoholic beverages differed between countries. In Northern Ireland, subjects which reported some physical activity consumed significantly less alcoholic beverages than sedentary subjects, whereas no differences were found in France. Conversely, subjects with dyslipidemia consumed more alcoholic beverages than normolipidemic subjects in France, whereas no differences were found in Northern Ireland. In France, total alcohol, wine and beer consumption was negatively related to socioeconomic status and educational level. In Northern Ireland, total alcohol, beer and spirits consumption was negatively related whereas wine consumption was positively related to socioeconomic status and educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol drinking patterns differ between France and Northern Ireland, and also according to cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic and educational levels. SPONSORSHIP: Merck, Sharp & Dohme-Chibret (France), the NICHSA and the Department of Health and Social Service (Northern Ireland).     

营养干预对头颈部肿瘤急性放射性口腔粘膜反应的影响

目的:探讨营养干预对头颈部肿瘤放疗病人营养状态及急性放射性口腔粘膜反应的影响。方法:68例接受放疗的头颈部恶性肿瘤病人随机分为营养干预组(33例)和对照组(35例),分析比较两组在放疗前、放疗结束时、放疗后1个月的营养状况评分、平均体质量、体质指数和急性粘膜反应分级。结果:放疗前两组营养评估分数无统计学差别(P0.05)。在放疗结束,放疗结束后1个月时,营养干预组的营养评估分数明显低于相应时间点的对照组(P0.001,P0.05);对照组的评估分数明显高于放疗前(P0.001,P0.05)。放疗开始后营养干预组体质量基本保持稳定;在放疗结束时,营养干预组平均体质量明显高于相应时间点的对照组(P0.001);对照组的平均体质量明显低于放疗前(P0.001)。营养干预组体质指数基本保持稳定;在放疗结束,放疗结束后1个月时,营养干预组体质指数明显高于对照组(P0.001,P0.05);对照组的体质指数明显低于放疗前(P0.001,P0.05)。在放疗中两组严重急性放射性口腔粘膜反应(Ⅲ+Ⅳ级)发生率比较差异无显著意义(P0.05);而放疗结束后1个月时,营养干预组总的急性放射性口腔粘膜反应(Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ级)发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=4.556,P0.05,P0.05),严重反应(Ⅲ+Ⅳ级)发生率也明显低于对照组(χ2=4.712,P=0.030,P0.05)。结论:营养干预可以有效维持头颈部肿瘤放疗病人的营养状态,促进急性放射性口腔粘膜反应的恢复。     

Nutritional status,birth weight and breast feeding of elementary first grade Chilean students

The nutritional status was assessed of 306 1st grade students from metropolitan Santiago, Chile, equally divided between girls and boys, public and private schools, and low, medium and high socioeconomic groups. The mean age was 6.38 years. Anthropometric measurements taken were weight, height, upper segment, head circumference, arm circumference and triceps skinfold. Percent weight for age, height for age and weight for height were determined according to tables of the National Center for Health Statistics. Expressed as percentage of weight for height, there was a high incidence of obesity (8.9%), and overweight (23.9%), but a low incidence of undernutrition (1%). According to the Waterlow sample distribution, 85.0% of the subjects had adequate nutritional status, 0.3% were wasted, 14% were stunted, and 0.7% were seriously malnourished. Nutritional status was positively and significantly correlated with birth weight, but not with duration of breast feeding. No differences in the duration of breast feeding were found with regard to sex or type of school. More upper status women breast fed for durations less than 6 months, while more lower status women breast fed for more than 6 months. Those from high socioeconomic groups had higher birth weights and better nutritional status. The results indicate an improvement in nutritional status and birth weights of Chilean children, but suggest that intervention should be made to prevent obesity.     

Nutritional support in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation

Nutritional status and 'well-being' were compared prospectively in 39 children (mean age 8.1 years) who received nutritional support following bone marrow transplantion (BMT): 20 received enteral tube feeding (ETF; six received parenteral nutrition [PN] subsequently) and 19 with oral mucositis received PN (one received ETF subsequently). Poor nutritional status (height for age and/or weight for height and/or mid-arm circumference z-scores <-1) was present in 18 patients and was associated with a longer hospital stay (P = 0. 01). Both ETF and PN groups were comparable with respect to age, pretransplant nutritional status and conditioning regimens. No significant deterioration in anthropometric indices in either group occurred following BMT. However, significant correlations were found between the duration of ETF (and not PN) and improvements in nutritional status. Furthermore, PN was associated with more frequent exocrine pancreatic insufficiency than ETF (P = 0.001). Oral mucositis was associated with poorer 'well being' at the start of PN compared with ETF (P < 0.0001), but this was reversed by the end of PN. Bone marrow recovery, hospital stay and positive blood cultures were similar in the two groups. Hypomagnesaemia, hypophosphataemia and biochemical zinc deficiency were common in both groups but hypoalbuminaemia and biochemical selenium deficiency were worse in the PN group. In conclusion, both ETF and PN are effective in maintaining nutritional status post-BMT. When ETF is tolerated, it is associated with better nutritional response. With the existing ETF and PN regimens close monitoring of the trace element and mineral status is required.     

Breast cancer screening in the United States and Canada, 1994: socioeconomic gradients persist

OBJECTIVES: This study compared rates of annual mammography screening across socioeconomic status between the United States and Canada in 1994. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were used to compare the rates. RESULTS: Screening rates were higher in the United States than in Canada for women aged 50 to 69 years (47.3% vs 38.8%; P < .01). Women with higher education and with higher incomes were more likely to receive screening in both countries, with no significant differences between countries. CONCLUSIONS: For women aged 50 to 69 years, screening rates in Canada have substantially increased relative to those in the United States. However, disparities in screening across levels of socioeconomic status persist in both countries.     

Twin pregnancy: the impact of the Higgins Nutrition Intervention Program on maternal and neonatal outcomes

Perinatal outcomes were compared between 354 twins treated with the Higgins Nutrition Intervention Program and 686 untreated twins. After differing distributions of key confounding variables were adjusted for, the twins in the intervention group weighed an average of 80 g more (P less than 0.06) than the nonintervention twins; their low-birth-weight rate was 25% lower (P less than 0.05) and their very-low-birth-weight rate was almost 50% lower (P less than 0.05). Although the rate of preterm delivery was 30% lower in the intervention group (P less than 0.05), the rates of intrauterine growth retardation were similar in the two groups. Fetal mortality was slightly higher (14 vs 12 per 1000, NS), but early neonatal mortality was fivefold lower (3 vs 19 per 1000, P less than 0.06) in the intervention group. Maternal morbidity was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the intervention group. There was a trend towards lower infant morbidity in the intervention group. These results suggest that nutritional intervention can significantly improve twin-pregnancy outcome.     

用主成分法评价学龄前儿童的营养状况

目的　用主成分法评价学龄前儿童营养状况 ,并与kaup指数法相比较。 方法　用分层整群随机抽样的方法在合肥市抽取 8所幼儿园 ,分别测量儿童的身高、体重值 ,按照 5类分级标准分别采用主成分法及kaup指数法对儿童的营养状况进行评价 ,并与身高标准体重法相比较。结果　一致性检验结果表明 ,主成分法和kaup指数法存在一致性 (P <0 0 1)。配对McNemar检验表明 ,两者的肥胖检出率有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。主成分法的肥胖检出率(3 2 1% )明显高于kaup指数法 (0 63 % )。 结论　在评价学龄前儿童的营养状况尤其是儿童肥胖时 ,主成分法是较好的方法。     

The interactions of insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) with protein-calorie malnutrition in patients with alcoholic liver disease: V.A. Cooperative Study on Alcoholic Hepatitis VI

Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured in 95 alcoholic men with a spectrum of alcoholic liver injury and protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). Circulating levels of IGF-I were depressed in the alcoholic patients (0.23 +/- 0.02 U/ml; mean +/- S.E.M.) compared to controls (1.0 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.0001). Plasma IGF-I levels declined progressively with falling indices of PCM (P less than 0.001) and correlated especially with the parameters relating to protein deficiency. While the severity of liver dysfunction and histopathologic alterations in the liver also related to plasma IGF-I concentration, partial correlation analysis showed that only PCM correlated significantly with IGF-I levels independent of the other factors. These findings indicate that IGF-I levels reflect nutritional status even in the presence of alcoholic liver disease.     

Parental behavior and the availability of foods among undernourished inner-city children

This study was designed to identify differences in parental behaviors and the availability of food between undernourished and well-nourished inner-city children of early school age. Children with a constellation of measurements of height below the 25th percentile, midarm muscle circumference below the 50th percentile, and hemoglobin concentration below 11.5 g/dL were considered undernourished. These children were matched with controls having measurements above these levels. The homes of all children were investigated. Families of undernourished children were found to have significantly less variety of nutritious foods requiring preparation by an adult available in the home (P less than .01), to have greater variety of convenience foods of low nutritional value (P less than .01), and to prefer fewer vegetables (P less than .04) and dairy products (P less than .01). The Polansky Child Level of Living Scale showed that mothers of undernourished children were less likely to prepare meals regularly for their children (P less than .05) and that they were less effective in providing general parental support to their children (P less than .03).     

Socioeconomic Condition and Anaemia among the Mahishya Population of Southern West Bengal, India

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the Mahishya population of Chakpota village in Southern West Bengal to determine the relationship between socio-economic conditions and certain haematological parameters, haemoglobin level and haemotocrit. Households were divided into high, middle and low socioeconomic groups on the basis of per capita income per year. The demographic data were collected from all the 255 households comprising 404 adult males and 383 adult females (above 20 years of age). Higher values in the parameters were observed among the males in all the three socioeconomic sub-groups. Significant differences in haemoglobin level and haemotocrit of males were observed between the three socioeconomic groups (p= <.01). On the contrary, insignificant differences in haemoglobin level and haemocrit were observed between the three socioeconomic groups among the females. Higher nutritional intake and lower parasitic infections may be responsible for the higher levels of the haematological parameters in the higher socioeconomic groups. Our study reveals that sex discrimination in food sharing seems to be the major cause for the gender difference in haemoglobin status in all the three economic groups. It is apparent from the study that cultural factors play an important role in determining the haemoglobin status at micro-level, even in high-income households.     

Effect of social class and nutrient intake on height and plasma insulin-like growth factor in Andean Equadorian children.

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of insulin-like growth factor (IGFI) determination as an index of nutritional status and growth in Equadorian schoolboys. Plasma IGFI was measured in 144 healthy boys, 9 years old, who were classified by their social class in four groups: 1 (n = 29); 2 (n = 49); 3 (n = 28); 4 (n = 8). Children in groups 1 and 2, of the lower socio-economic class, had significantly reduced caloric and protein intakes compared to children in groups 3 and 4 (P less than 0.01). Mean heights were significantly lower in groups 1 and 2 (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.05, respectively). The mean plasma IGFI in group 1 was 561 +/- 64 mU/ml and significantly lower than that in groups 2-4 (872 +/- 75, 986 +/- 94, and 1238 +/- 190 mU/ml in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively) (P less than 0.01). The effect of caloric and nitrogen supplementation was studied in 36 children taken from groups 1 and 2 combined, and divided into three subgroups; they were given (1) an animal protein supplement of 18 g/day with 860 kcal/day (n = 12), (2) a vegetable protein supplement of 17.8 g/day based on a traditional Andean food with 862 kcal/day (n = 12), and (3) a placebo (n = 12). The IGFI levels increased significantly after 7 and 14 days in both subgroups 1 and 2. These results demonstrate that plasma IGFI reflects the nutritional status and responds to a short-term diet supplementation. It may provide a reliable means of assessing the effect of nutritional programs intended to improve the growth of children in underdeveloped countries.     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术后早期肠内营养的对比研究

目的 :探讨腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术对术后早期肠内营养(EEN)的影响。方法 :将2015年1月至2016年12月安徽医科大学附属安庆医院普外科68例胃癌病人随机分成两组,其中开腹手术组35例,腹腔镜手术组33例,两组术后均实施EEN,观察指标:⑴两组手术及其并发症的情况,⑵EEN的耐受性,⑶术后营养状态,⑷术后化疗开始时间。结果 :⑴两组手术时间,淋巴结清扫数目,术后并发症(吻合口瘘、肺部感染、切口感染)无差异(P0.05);腹腔镜组较开腹组术中出血量少(P0.01)。⑵EEN的耐受情况:腹腔镜组腹胀、腹泻等不适反应少于开腹组(P0.01),达到TEN的时间少于开腹组(P0.01)。⑶术后营养状态:术后第7天,腹腔镜组较早出现了营养状态改善,两组间前白蛋白、C反应蛋白水平差异有统计学意义(P0.01);术后第14天,腹腔镜组营养状态改善明显,两组间体质量、右上臂肌周径、白蛋白等营养指标差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。⑷腹腔镜组进展期胃癌病人在术后45 d内接受化疗例数明显多于开腹组。结论:腹腔镜胃癌手术减小了手术创伤,能更好地耐受EEN,更早地达到TEN,从而有利于改善术后营养状态,为辅助化疗提供良好条件。