The Role of Pessimistic Attributions in the Association Between Anxious Attachment and Relationship Satisfaction

Attributions—the explanations spouses give to each other's behavior—have been consistently linked to relationship satisfaction, but little is known about the origins of attributional tendencies. In this study, an actor–partner interdependence model was tested to examine the relationships among pessimistic attributions, anxious attachment, and relationship satisfaction, using married couples (N = 767) from The German Family Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam; Huinink et al., 2011). For husbands and wives, higher levels of anxious attachment predicted more pessimistic attributions 2 years later. These pessimistic attributions, in turn, predicted their own later relationship satisfaction. Husbands' pessimistic attributions also predicted lower wives' relationship satisfaction. Pessimistic attributions fully mediated the relationship between anxious attachment and relationship satisfaction within spouses. It may be beneficial when intervening with couples to facilitate improvement in their attachment security and thereby promote more optimistic attributions and higher relationship satisfaction.     

Feminist supervision and supervisee nondisclosure: The mediating role of the supervisory relationship

In this study, the authors investigated the predictive relationship between a feminist supervisory approach and supervisee nondisclosure, along with the potential mediating effect of the supervisory relationship. Among a sample of master’s-level counseling interns (N = 111), supervisees who perceived more feminist behaviors from their supervisor were more likely to rank the supervisory relationship as stronger and were less likely to report withholding information from their supervisor. Furthermore, the supervisory relationship partially mediated the link between feminist supervision and supervisee nondisclosure. Implications for supervisors and researchers are discussed.     

The Relationship Between School-Based Health Centers and the Learning Environment

BACKGROUND: School-based health centers (SBHCs) have improved access to primary and preventive health care for underserved children and youth by bringing comprehensive health services into the schools while addressing critical health problems that make it difficult for students to learn. Despite the findings on the positive effects of SBHCs on health outcomes, the literature investigating the relationship between SBHCs and the learning environment is scant. This purpose of this study is to add to the literature by investigating the correlation between SBHCs and perceptions of the overall school learning environment. METHODS: This study investigates the relationship between SBHCs and the learning environment utilizing a retrospective quasi-experimental design. Researchers used secondary data from the 2007 Board of Education Learning Environment Survey (LES) of a large northeastern city to compare schools with SBHCs and schools without SBHCs. RESULTS: The findings demonstrate that the presence of a SBHC is associated with greater satisfaction in 3 out of 4 learning environment domains. CONCLUSIONS: Perhaps by helping to eliminate the barriers that affect lower-performing students' readiness to learn, while improving student and parent engagement, SBHCs can partner with schools to reach their performance and accountability goals.     

The Mediating Role of Perceived Control in the Relationship Between Social Ties and Depressive Symptoms

ABSTRACT

This study first examines gender differences in the receipt and efficacy of four types of social ties. It is hypothesized that women's relationships involve more demanding social ties, which increase rather than decrease depressive symptoms. Next, this study explores the role of perceived control as a mediator in the relationship between social ties and depressive symptoms. It is hypothesized that the association between these social ties and depressive symptoms is mediated through perceived control. Results suggest that demanding social ties have the strongest association with depressive symptoms, and that this relationship is much stronger for women than for men. Emotional support is strongly associated with depressive symptoms for men and women, whereas instrumental support and number of close ties have negligible effects on depressive symptoms. Perceived control most strongly mediates (rather than moderates) those relationships with the strongest associations: demanding ties and depressive symptoms, and emotional support and depressive symptoms. Substantial direct associations between social ties and depressive symptoms remain after removing the effects mediated by perceived control.     

Moving Beyond Fatherhood Involvement: The Association Between Father–Child Relationship Quality and Youth Delinquency Trajectories

The effect of nonresidential father relationship characteristics on delinquency trajectories among low‐income youth (N = 799) was examined using data from the Three Cities Study, a longitudinal study of mothers and their children eligible for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio. Growth curve models were employed to track delinquency trajectories and their rate of growth. Characteristics of father–child relationships (anger–alienation, trust–communication) were specified as predictors of delinquency while controlling for father involvement and family structure. Trust–communication influenced delinquency growth, but the rate of growth slowed as youth aged. Implications for programs, interventions, and policy are explored.     

The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sexual Orientation and Behavior in a Sample of Middle-Aged Male Injection Drug Users

Data are sparse on injection drug using (IDU) men who have sex with men (MSM). Previous literature suggests perceived taboos can result in an underreporting of atypical sexual orientation (i.e., bisexuality, homosexuality). As a result, HIV prevention programs have been difficult to mount, particularly programs for IDU-MSM. The association between self-reported sexual orientation and sexual behavior at semi-annual study visits was longitudinally assessed in a population of 1300 male IDUs in Baltimore during the period 1993 to 1998. Overall, a small minority (5%) of the male IDUs inconsistently reported their sexual orientation over time. Logistic regression analyses were performed, which yielded five significant predictors. These men tended to be older, to have been incarcerated, to have attended shooting galleries during follow-up, and were more than twice as likely to be HIV-seropositive (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.62–4.36) compared with those who consistently reported their sexual orientation. Furthermore, men reporting inconsistent sexual orientation tended to engage in higher risk behaviors, suggesting that these men should be especially targeted for interventions.     

Relationship Between Perceived Burden of Caring for a Family Member with Alzheimer's Disease and Decreased Participation in Meaningful Activities

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study examines the relationship between caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and activity participation. Method: A 34-item caregiver questionnaire including items measuring the perceived caregiving burden and the level of participation in meaningful activities was completed by 54 caregivers. Results: A significant negative correlation (r = ?.56, p <.0001) was demonstrated between the two variables: caregiving burden and participation in meaningful activities. Discussion and Conclusion: An increased perception of burden is related to a decrease of participation in desired occupations among family caregivers of people with AD. The findings can help occupational therapy practitioners develop interventions aiming at improving caregivers' quality of life through enhancing opportunities for meaningful occupations.     

A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Condom Negotiation and Sexual Orientation on the Relationship Between Sexual Coercion and Condom Use in Chinese Young Women: Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThe high prevalence of sexual coercion against young women has become a significant public health issue in China and other regions around the world. Young women are also especially vulnerable to engage in inconsistent condom use because of low sexual control. Although the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use has been widely demonstrated, the mechanism of this relationship is still unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test condom negotiation as a mediator of the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use in young Chinese women and to investigate whether sexual orientation is a moderator.MethodsData were collected using web-based questionnaires and a total of 402 young Chinese women were included in the analysis. Sexual coercion was measured using a subscale of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales and condom negotiation was measured using a subscale of the UCLA Multidimensional Condom Attitudes Scale. Sexual orientation was assessed using an item adopted from a previous study and condom use was calculated by the total number of times condoms were used divided by the total number of times sexual intercourse was engaged in during the past 3 months. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with sexual coercion as the independent variable, condom use consistency as the dependent variable, condom negotiation as the mediator variable, and sexual orientation as a moderator.ResultsThe moderated mediation analysis indicated that the relationship between sexual coercion and condom use was significantly mediated by condom negotiation and moderated by sexual orientation. The indirect effect of condom negotiation was significant in heterosexual women (indirect effect: –0.80, 95% boot CI –1.67 to –0.36) but not in sexual minority women (indirect effect: –0.33, 95% boot CI –0.86 to 0.31).ConclusionsThe results showed that sexual orientation meaningfully affects the relationship between sexual coercion and condom negotiation. The difference in the mechanism of the relation between sexual coercion and sexual behaviors in heterosexual and sexual minority women should be considered for future research and interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of sexual coercion.     

同型半胱氨酸和尿酸水平与中老年人冠心病的相关性

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸（HCY）和尿酸（uA）水平与中老年人冠心病的关系。方法将218例患者根据冠脉造影结果分为冠心病组和正常对照组,并根据年龄分为中年冠心病组（61例）和对照组（39例）及老年冠心病组（77例）和对照组（41例）,分别采用免疫荧光偏振法和氧化酶法测定血清HCY和UA的水平。结果中年和老年冠心病组血清HCY、uA水平均高于各自对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,且中年冠心病组HCY、UA水平均高于老年冠心病组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．01或P〈0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,HCY、UA是中年冠心病患者的独立危险因素（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）;高血压、糖尿病是老年冠心病患者的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论高HCY、高UA是中年人冠心病发生的独立危险因素。     

The Relationship Between Gender and Practitioners' Fear in Working with High-Risk Adolescents

This study examined the relationship between the gender of clients and practitioners and practitioners' fears in work with high-risk youth. Two hundred forty eight youth-serving practitioners were surveyed about the frequency of fears about their work. Scores based on these fears were correlated with the percentage of male clients on practitioners' caseloads. Male practitioners were found to have fears related to liability in their work with female youth clients and fears related to physical harm in their work with male youth clients. Female practitioners were found to have fears of damage to their professional reputation from their work with male youth clients.     

大学生焦虑与应对方式的关系初探

目的 探讨大学生应对方式和焦虑间的关系.方法 采用大学生应对方式问卷和焦虑自评量表对215名本科大学生进行调查.结果 大学生应对方式与焦虑水平间存在显著相关,问题解决、退缩和抱怨3种应对方式对焦虑水平有较高预测力,应对方式和焦虑的2个精神病理维度间存在相关关系.结论 大学生应对方式与焦虑密切相关,帮助大学生建立以问题解决方式应对应激事件的习惯可有效的减少焦虑心情和植物神经功能紊乱发生的可能性.     

大学生焦虑与应对方式的关系初探

目的探讨大学生应对方式和焦虑间的关系。方法采用大学生应对方式问卷和焦虑自评量表对215名本科大学生进行调查。结果大学生应对方式与焦虑水平间存在显著相关,问题解决、退缩和抱怨3种应对方式对焦虑水平有较高预测力,应对方式和焦虑的2个精神病理维度间存在相关关系。结论大学生应对方式与焦虑密切相关,帮助大学生建立以问题解决方式应对应激事件的习惯可有效的减少焦虑心情和植物神经功能紊乱发生的可能性。     

脑梗死患者血清ApoH与血脂变化及其关系的研究

目的：观察脑梗死患者血清载脂蛋白（ApoH）水平与血脂的相关性，探讨ApoH与脑梗死的关系。方法：放免法测定ApoH血清水平，ELISA法测定Lp(a)水平，免疫比浊法测定ApoA－1和ApoB，酶法测定HDL、LDL、TG、TC。结果：脑梗死患者血清ApoH 水平显著高于卒中危险因素对照组和正常对照组（P＜0．05），且ApoH的水平与TC、LDL呈正相关（γ＝0．52，P＜0．01，γ＝0．49，P＜0．05），与TG、Lp(a)无相关性。结论：脑梗死患者血清ApoH血清水平与TC、LDL相关，ApoL可能通过干扰脂质代谢，与脑梗死的发生发展过程中起一定的作用。     

The Relationship Between Participation in a Sports Camp and Students' Attitudes Towards Persons with Disabilities

This study measured the attitudes of students before and after volunteering in a two-day camp for persons with disabilities. The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons scale (ATDP) Form A was used to measure the attitudes of 54 university students in various health care majors. Twenty-five experimental group participants were volunteers at the camp. The students completed the scale three times: before, immediately following, and six weeks after the camp. The control group consisted of twenty-nine students and were administered the ATDP scale initially, then at one week and six weeks later during a scheduled health professions class. Results showed no significant difference in ATDP scores between groups and suggest that the camp alone was not a strong enough factor to produce a difference in attitudes. Further analysis did suggest that the camp may promote positive attitude changes for students with less positive attitudes initially, while not further changing the attitudes of students which were already positive. This study adds to the body of knowledge exploring different methods to change attitudes towards persons with disabilities and suggests that a camp could serve as a observation experience for students in occupational therapy curricula as a way to provide contact with persons with disabilities.