人Regucalcin cDNA真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建人regucalcin（RGN）全长cDNA的真核表达载体，观察其在人肾皮质近曲小管上皮细胞（HK-2细胞）中表达。方法用RT-PCR技术扩增获得人HK-2细胞RGN全长cNDA，将扩增的产物连接入pMD18-T克隆载体上。将重绢质粒转化人大肠杆菌DHSa内并提取质粒，双酶切鉴定、DNA测序鉴定准确，再用双酶切方法将RGN基因定向连接到真核表达载体DECFP-NI中，构成pEGFP-RGN，将pEGFP-RGN转化人大肠杆菌DHSa内并提取质粒，双酶切鉴定、DNA测序鉴定准确。再用双酶切方法将RGN基因与EGFP定向连接到真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）-zeocin中，构建真核表达pcDNA3．1-RGN-EGFP-zeo的重组体。将pcDNA3．1-RGN．EGFP-zeo转化人大肠杆菌DHSa内并提取质粒，双酶切鉴定、DNA测序鉴定准确，用脂质体转染入HK-2细胞。荧光显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜观察pcDNA3．1-RGN-EGFP-zeo表达情况。结果RGNcDNA全长是897bp。以此构建的pcDNA3．1-RGN-EGFP-zeo真核表达载体，经DNA测序与GenBank中的人RGNcDNA序列一致。荧光显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜观察到pcDNA3．1-RGN-EGFP-zeo转染的细胞中有绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结论本实验成功构建了pcDNA3．1-RGN．EGFP．zeO真核表达质粒，并在HK-2细胞中表达。     

人骨形成蛋白2真核表达载体的构建和体外表达

背景：骨形态发生蛋白2（bone morphogenetic protein2，BMP-2）是已知的所有生长因子中对骨的形成作用最强的生长因子，被认为是最具有前途的骨诱导物质。目的：构建人骨形成蛋白2真核表达载体并观察其体外表达情况。设计、时间及地点：自身对照实验，于2005-07／2006-05在华中科技大学同济医学院分子生物中心实验室完成。材料：pcDNA3．1（＋）载体由华中科技大学同济医学院左石博士惠赠；成骨肉瘤组织由华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院骨科提供。方法：从人成骨肉瘤细胞中提取细胞总RNA，利用反转录．聚合酶链反应方法扩增获得人BMP-2基因cDNA，将基因片断重组到pGEM-T质粒中构建pGEM．T-hBMP-2重组质粒载体，转化到大肠杆菌DH5n后筛选阳性克隆，利用限制性酶切和DNA序列分析鉴定重组质粒。分别用RcoRI和NotI双酶切pGEM-T-hBMP-2质粒和pcDNA3．1真核表达载体，将克隆载体中人骨形成蛋白2基因重组到pcDNA3．1真核表达载体，提取质粒作酶切电泳、聚合酶链反应鉴定及DNA测序后，用脂质体体外转染小鼠骨髓基质细胞，反转录-聚合酶链反应检测BMP．2的表达。主要观察指标：①人骨肉瘤细胞总RNA反转录-聚合酶链反应结果。②重组质粒pGEM．T-hBMP-2和pcDNA3．1-hBMP-2的构建和酶切鉴定。③BMP-2在小鼠骨髓基质细胞内的表达。结果：人骨肉瘤细胞总RNA经反转录-聚合酶链反应扩增后，获得1．2kb条带。经酶切电泳、聚合酶链反应鉴定及DNA测序证实实验成功克隆BMP-2基因，重组质粒pcDNA3．1-hBMP-2构建正确；该重组质粒能在体外培养的小鼠骨髓基质细胞中有效表达BMP-2。 结论：实验成功克隆人骨形成蛋白2基因并构建了此基因的真核表达载体。     

构建血红素氧合酶1基因真核表达质粒及在大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞中的表达

目的：克隆血红素氧合酶1基因并构建其真核表达重组质粒，进一步检测血红素氧合酶1基因转染大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞及其表达目的蛋白的效果。 方法：实验于2007-02／12在泸州医学院中心试验室完成。取雄性健康成年SD大鼠1只，腹腔注射氯化汞（1mg／kg）24h后，麻醉状态下取肾脏，从大鼠肾组织中提取总RNA，通过反转录-聚合酶链反应扩增大鼠血红素氧合酶1基因片段，并将其克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）中，运用脂质体将重组质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）-HO-1转染主动脉平滑肌细胞，通过反转录-聚合酶链反应和Western blot分析血红素氧合酶1基因细胞转染及表达的效果。 结果：经双酶切及测序鉴定证明，正确克隆了血红素氧合酶1基因并成功构建了真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）-HO-1。反转录-聚合酶链反应及Western blot分析显示血红素氧合酶1基因能成功转染主动脉平滑肌细胞并在mRNA水平和蛋白水平有效表达。 结论：①成功构建血红素氧合酶1基因真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1（＋）-HO-1。②脂质体包裹重组质粒瞬时成功转染到体外培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞并得到有效表达。     

肺表面活性物质相关蛋白C真核表达载体的构建及体外表达

目的 克隆人肺表面活性物质相关蛋白C(SP-C)基因,构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)/SP-C,并检测其在体外的表达,为SP-C的批量生产提供可靠的方法.方法 提取肺癌手术患者病灶周围正常肺组织总RNA,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术获得SP-C cDNA序列.用NotI和XhoI内切酶双酶切SP-C cDNA序列和质粒pcDNA3.1(+),胶回收后体外连接.酶切和测序后,用脂质体包裹转染人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7,采用RT-PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测SP-C的表达.结果 能够正确克隆人SP-C基因并插入至质粒pcDNA3.1(+)中;重组质粒体外转染MCF-7细胞后可以表达SP-C蛋白.结论 采用体外重组技术,成功构建了人SP-C真核表达载体 pcDNA3.1(+)/SP-C,并能在体外表达SP-C,为下一步构建人SP-C乳腺特异表达载体,利用乳腺生物反应器大量生产SP-C奠定了基础.     

S100A4基因载体的构建及其在人胃癌细胞系中的表达

目的 克隆S100A4 cDNA,构建pcDNA3.1-S100A4重组表达载体,转染胃癌细胞系MKN1,观察S100A4在胃癌细胞中的表达情况。方法 Trizol法提取人胃上皮细胞GES-1的总RNA,逆转录反应获得含S100A4基因的cDNA。聚合酶链反应GenBank获得S100A4基因序列,并设计引物,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出分子量为327 bp的产物。构建pMD18-T simple-S100A4重组质粒,转化JM109菌。菌液测序成功后,提取质粒,进行BamHⅠ/HindⅢ双酶切,酶切产物回收纯化,连接表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建pcDNA3.1-S100A4真核表达载体。利用脂质体介导转染方法将纯化的表达载体转染到胃癌细胞系MKN1中,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测转染后MKN1细胞中S100A4 mRNA表达水平。结果 PCR产物连接克隆载体的测序结果与GenBank公布的无突变序列一致,HindⅢ/BamHⅠ双酶切可以成功构建真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-S100A4;在胃癌细胞系MKN1中转染pcDNA3.1-S100A4表达载体,以转染pcD...     

IKKβ真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建核转录因子κB抑制蛋白激酶(inhibitor of kappa B kinase,IKK)β真核表达载体,以便进一步探讨其生物学作用。方法从人正常肝细胞L02中提取RNA,并利用IKKβ特异性引物通过RT-PCR方法扩增了IKKβcD-NA,并克隆入pcDNA3载体中,构建重组载体pcDNA3-IKKβ。将重组载体转染入HEK293细胞中,并通过免疫印迹方法检测IKKβ的表达。结果酶切及测序结果显示,重组质粒构建成功;免疫印迹结果显示,瞬时转染重组质粒的人胚肾细胞HEK293中可有效表达IKKβ。结论本研究成功构建了IKKβ真核表达载体,并能够在真核细胞中进行表达,为进一步研究IKKβ的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

血管内皮生长因子165真核基因转染载体转染的骨骼肌细胞

背景：血管内皮生长因子基因转染治疗组织损伤的研究倍受关注,构建稳定可靠的人血管内皮生长因子真核表达载体有重要意义。目的：克隆人血管内皮生长因子基因血管内皮生长因子165片段,构建pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165真核表达质粒,并验证其转染大鼠骨骼肌细胞的可靠性。方法：采用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术,从人卵巢癌患者外周血中提取并扩增出血管内皮生长因子165基因片段,通过DNA重组技术将该基因片段重组于pcDNA4-HisMax-C真核表达载体上,构建成pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒,聚合酶链反应扩增,分别用酶切电泳分析和DNA测序的方法对提取和重组DNA进行鉴定。pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒转染骨骼肌细胞1周后反转录-聚合酶链反应提取血管内皮生长因子基因并酶切电泳鉴定。结果与结论：构建的重组质粒目的基因片段为人血管内皮生长因子165cDNA,对大鼠骨骼肌细胞转染后检测到血管内皮生长因子165基因片段。提示成功地克隆了血管内皮生长因子165基因并构建了其真核表达质粒,能以此为载体转染至骨骼肌细胞,并已整合到骨骼肌的基因组参与转录,证明了其转染的有效性。     

构建pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)-Lefty A真核表达载体及Lefty A的稳定表达细胞系

背景:Leffy基因可能通过拮抗转化生长因子β1,信号通路发挥抗肾纤维化作用.目的:为验证其抗纤维化作用,构建pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)-LeffyA真核表达载体,并建立LeftyA稳定表达细胞系.设计、时间及地点:基因克隆构建,单一样本观察,于2008-04/07在武汉大学人民医院中心实验室完成.材料:人肾小管上皮细胞株购于中国协和医科大学细胞库;真核表达载体pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)由美国纽约州石溪大学SiamakTabibzadeh教授惠赠;Leffy A克隆载体pCMV-SPORT6购自武汉晶赛公司.方法:以pCMV-SPORT6为模板经PCR反应获得Leffy A编码区DNA,将其插入pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)中构建Leffy A真核表达载体;通过LipofectamineTM2000将此重组质粒转染入人肾小管上皮细胞中,通过Hygromycin筛选挑取阳性表达克隆从而构建Leffy A稳定表达细胞系.主要观察指标:PCR扩增产物电泳鉴定结果.重组质粒的酶切鉴定结果.重组质粒基因测序结果.Leffy A稳定表达细胞系的筛选及其细胞内Leffy A mRNA表达.结果:pCMV-SPORT6经针对人Leffy A基因编码区序列的上下游引物PCR扩增后,10 g/L琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,在10 kb条带处出现稍大于1.0 kb的特异性扩增条带,与预期1.1 kb目的片段大小相符.重组质粒分别被Hind Ⅲ、BamH Ⅰ单酶切后所得片段大小一致,均为6.7 kb,与重组质粒理论大小一致;经双酶切后得到大小分别为5.6 kb和1.1 kb的2条片段,与pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)及Leffy A片段大小相符.将酶切鉴定阳性重组质粒测序,对测序结果进行生物信息学分析,发现与人Leffy A基因编码区序列完全一致.稳定转染Leffy A重组质粒的人肾小管上皮细胞高表达Leffy A mRNA.结论:pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)-Leffy A真核表达载体构建成功,并建立了Lefty A稳定表达细胞系.     

血管内皮生长因子165真核基因转染载体转染的骨骼肌细胞☆

背景:血管内皮生长因子基因转染治疗组织损伤的研究倍受关注,构建稳定可靠的人血管内皮生长因子真核表达载体有重要意义.目的:克隆人血管内皮生长因子基因血管内皮生长因子165片段,构建 pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165真核表达质粒,并验证其转染大鼠骨骼肌细胞的可靠性.方法:采用反转录-聚合酶链反应技术,从人卵巢癌患者外周血中提取并扩增出血管内皮生长因子165基因片段,通过DNA重组技术将该基因片段重组于pcDNA4-HisMax-C真核表达载体上,构建成pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒,聚合酶链反应扩增,分别用酶切电泳分析和 DNA 测序的方法对提取和重组 DNA 进行鉴定.pcDNA4-HisMax-C/VEGF165重组质粒转染骨骼肌细胞1周后反转录-聚合酶链反应提取血管内皮生长因子基因并酶切电泳鉴定.结果与结论:构建的重组质粒目的基因片段为人血管内皮生长因子165 cDNA,对大鼠骨骼肌细胞转染后检测到血管内皮生长因子165基因片段.提示成功地克隆了血管内皮生长因子165基因并构建了其真核表达质粒,能以此为载体转染至骨骼肌细胞,并已整合到骨骼肌的基因组参与转录,证明了其转染的有效性.     

pcDNA 3.1-AKR1B10真核表达载体的构建

从胰腺癌PaTu8988S细胞中提取总RNA,并克隆AKR1B10基因,构建pcDNA 3.1-AKR1B10真核表达载体。转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α细胞,提质粒,酶切及测序鉴定,pcDNA 3.1-AKR1B10真核表达载体构建成功。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.