电视胸腔镜心脏手术58例总结

目的：总结电视胸腔镜心脏手术的经验。方法：采用右侧胸壁打3个小孔(1～2cm)，股动脉静脉、上腔静脉插管建立体外循环，阻闭升主动脉，冷晶体心脏停跳液顺行灌注保护心肌。电视胸腔镜下行房间隔缺损修补手术26例，室间隔缺损修补手术32例。结果：术中扩大切口2例，室缺残余漏1例，二次开胸止血1例，手术时间3．6～5．6h，平均4．1h。体外循环时间38～156min，平均86min；升主动脉阻闭时间11～56min，平均28min。术后患者恢复顺利。结论：电视胸腔镜下简单先天性心脏病手术创伤小、恢复快，美容效果好，是可行、安全的。     

全胸腔镜下成人房间隔缺损修补手术20例临床分析

目的回顾性分析全胸腔镜下行20例成人房间隔缺损修补手术的临床效果,总结全胸腔镜下心脏手术经验。方法该院自2014年3月-2016年8月,采用右侧股动脉、股静脉插管建立周围体外循环,主动脉根部顺行灌注冷血停跳液保护心肌,在右侧胸壁打3孔完成成人房间隔缺损修补心脏手术20例,分析手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、胸腔引流情况、住院天数和并发症等临床资料。结果全组患者手术时间为3.5~5.0 h,平均(3.8±0.5)h;升主动脉阻断时间为28~46 min,平均(29.8±8.2)min;体外循环时间为86~108 min,平均(80.6±11.5)min;呼吸机辅助时间5~8 h,平均(6.0±0.8)h;胸腔引流量100~260 ml,平均(150.0±35.0)ml;术后住院时间6~9 d,平均(6.5±1.2)d。全组患者无手术死亡,术后无残余分流发生,有1例患者腹股沟伤口脂肪液化,予以加强伤口换药处理;1例患者胸腔积气,予以穿刺后好转;1例患者因右侧胸腔粘连改为胸腔镜辅助,患者恢复顺利,全组无严重并发症发生。术后3~5天超声心动图示手术效果满意,患者顺利出院。随访1~28个月,无残余分流,无下肢静脉血栓形成,心功能均为Ⅰ级。结论全胸腔镜下成人房间隔缺损修补心脏手术安全可行,手术创伤小,切口美观,术后引流少,患者恢复快。     

全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术21例护理配合

目的:探讨全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术患者的护理配合方法。方法:对21例单纯房间隔缺损型先心病患者行全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术,并给予密切护理配合。结果:本组手术均顺利进行,手术时间为162～215 min,平均(180±26)min;体外循环时间为39～77 min,平均(58±19)min;升主动脉阻断时间为28～63 min,平均(45±17)min。术后1个月随访查体未闻及心脏杂音,心脏彩超检查未见心内分流。结论:胸腔镜下心脏手术创伤小、术后恢复快,娴熟、默契的护理配合是手术成功的重要保证。     

胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术15例护理配合

目的：探讨胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术的护理配合方法。方法：选择15例房间隔缺损患者胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术,并给予密切护理配合。结果：本组手术时间为200～277min,体外循环时间45—80min,升主动脉阻闭时间30—55min。本组除1例因切口位置不合适,而延长第4肋间切口,在头灯和胸腔镜辅助下直视做心内探查;其他患者手术均顺利进行,术后无并发症发生。结论：手术室护士了解手术步骤、娴熟的配合技术有利于缩短手术时间、减少手术并发症发生。     

胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术15例护理配合

目的:探讨胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术的护理配合方法.方法:选择15例房间隔缺损患者胸腔镜体外循环下房间隔缺损修补术,并给予密切护理配合.结果:本组手术时间为200～277 min,体外循环时间45～80 min,升主动脉阻闭时间30～55 min.本组除1例因切口位置不合适,而延长第4肋间切口,在头灯和胸腔镜辅助下直视做心内探查;其他患者手术均顺利进行,术后无并发症发生.结论:手术室护士了解手术步骤、娴熟的配合技术有利于缩短手术时间、减少手术并发症发生.     

电视胸腔镜在小儿心脏手术中的应用

目的 :探讨胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜心脏手术方法在小儿先天性心脏病手术中的应用效果。方法 :62例先天性心脏病患儿 ,房间隔缺损 1 6例 ,室间隔缺损 46例膜周部室间隔缺损患者 ,采用胸壁打孔经股动脉、股静脉和上腔静脉插管后股动脉 ,股静脉插管建立体外循环 ,完全在胸腔镜下行房间隔和室间隔缺损修补。结果 :62例患儿体外循环时间 (78.5± 2 3)min ,主动脉阻闭时间 (2 8.5± 1 2 .7)min ,开放升主动脉后心脏均自动复跳。除 1例患者因术后残余漏而再次体外循环外手术外 ,其他患者手术顺利 ,术后无并发症并痊愈出院。结论 :胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜下心脏手术方法在小儿心脏病体外循环下行房间隔和室间隔缺损修补术安全可靠     

胸腔镜辅助下微创小切口房间隔缺损修补术20例

目的:总结20例胸腔镜辅助微创小切口房间隔缺损修补术的初步经验.探讨采用小切口在胸腔镜辅助下的心内手术能否为开展非常规微创切口的心内手术增加手术安全性和适应证.方法:2008年10月至2010年6月,收治20例继发孔型房间隔缺损患者,女14例,男6例.其中3例合并右上肺静脉异位引流于右心房.全身麻醉下,双腔气管插管.采用股动静脉插管、右侧颈内静脉引流进行体外循环.行右胸前外侧小切口(4 ～ 5 cm),经第4肋间进入胸腔,在胸腔镜辅助下,修补房间隔缺损.结果:20例手术均顺利进行,无中途转正中切口开胸手术,主动脉阻断19 ～ 28(22 ± 5)min,无大出血、术后再次开胸止血、脑部栓塞等并发症.平均随访时间2 ～ 23(10 ± 5)个月,心脏超声检查均未发现残余分流.结论:胸腔镜辅助微创小切口房间隔缺损修补术技术可行、安全,既减少了常规正中开胸的手术创伤,又没有过度延长体外循环时间造成的进一步全身器官损害,有利于患者的术后早日康复,手术切口小、美观.     

心脏手术后妊娠分娩15例分析

作者对本院2005年5月～2008年5月收治15例心脏病术后妊娠患者资料作一回顾性分析。1资料与方法2005年5月～2008年5月本院共收治心脏手术后妊娠患者15例，其中先天性心脏病9例，后天性心脏病6例。妊娠年龄21～35岁，平均28．6岁。妊娠距离心脏手术时间为2～21年，平均5．4年。手术类型：房间隔缺损（ASD）修补术2例，室间隔缺损（VSD）修补术3例，动脉导管封堵术3例，     

胸壁打孔电视胸腔镜体外循环下室缺修补47例

目的 :总结 4 7例胸壁打空电视胸腔镜辅助下室间隔缺损修补的体外循环 (CPB)方法和可行性。方法 :分析 4 7例室间隔缺损患者在胸腔镜下行室缺修补病例并与随机抽取的同期 4 7例常规方法修补室缺病例进行比较。结果 :胸腔镜组患者CPB时间平均 (89.6± 2 7.4 )min ,升主动脉阻断时间平均 (37.9± 15 .3)min ,3例患者产生血红蛋白尿。 2例患者因术后残余漏而再次CPB下手术 ,其他患者手术顺利 ,术后无并发症并痊愈出院 ;常规组CPB时间平均 (6 9.2± 19.6 )min ,升主动脉阻断时间平均 (2 6 .7± 11.3)min ,2例患者产生血红蛋白尿 ,患者手术均顺利。二组转流时间和主动脉阻闭时间相比较差别明显 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :初期胸壁打空电视胸腔镜体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术的体外循环时间和主动脉阻闭时间较常规方法延长 ,但其手术方法安全可靠。     

聚丙烯充填式网塞补片修补无张力腹股沟疝35例

背景：应用聚丙烯充填式网塞补片无张力修补腹股沟疝，已逐渐被广大外科医生所接受，但目前临床经验尚少。 目的：回顾性分析传统疝修补术、聚丙烯充填式网塞补片无张力腹股沟疝修补术患者的疗效及术后情况。 设计、时间及地点：病例分析，2003—03／2007—10海南医学院附属新华医院普外科收治腹股沟疝修补术患者115例。 对象：115例中，男76例，女39例；年龄26～81岁，平均61-3岁。单侧斜疝78例，直疝11例，股疝2例，复发性疝12例，双侧斜疝12例。传统疝修补术80例，聚丙烯充填式网塞补片无张力腹股沟疝修补术35例。采用材料为美国Bard公司的定型产品，包括网状锥形疝环充填物和成型补片。 方法：网塞补片无张力腹股沟疝修补术中根据疝环的大小选择网塞的型号和数量，将疝囊的中心点与疝塞的顶端贯穿缝合，网塞置入后外瓣与疝环边缘做间距0．5～0．8cm的间断缝合固定。传统疝修补术主要采用Bassini术式、McWay术式、Shouldice术式。 主要观察指标：①手术时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间。②术后应用止痛剂，尿潴留、阴囊肿胀、术后复发情况。 结果：115例全部治愈。充填式网塞补片无张力腹股沟疝修补术35例，手术时间平均40min；术后平均8h开始下床活动，平均住院6．2d；术后发生尿潴留2例，术后应用止痛剂3例，术后阴囊肿胀1例，无伤口感染、阴囊积液等并发症；术后随访6～36个月无复发。传统疝修补术80例，手术时间平均56min；术后平均68h开始下床活动，平均住院11．6d；术后发生尿潴留9例，术后应用止痛剂37例，术后阴囊肿胀1例，无伤口感染、阴囊积液等并发症；术后随访6～36个月复发9例。 结论：聚丙烯充填式网塞补片无张力腹股沟疝修补术能满足修补和加强耻骨肌孔区域的要求，与传统疝修补术相比具有明显优势，组织相容性好。     

Long-term follow-up of patients after surgical treatment for isolated pulmonary valve stenosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcome of patients after surgical repair for pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients (30 males; mean - SD age, 10+/-13 years; range, 5 days to 50 years) were identified who had surgical treatment for PVS between 1951 and 1982. The status of each patient was determined by medical record review. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age at follow-up was 43+/-15 years (age range, 19-77 years). Mean follow-up was 33 years (range, 18-51 years). At a median follow-up of 34 years, 35 reinterventions had been performed in 28 patients (53%), Including pulmonary valve replacement for free pulmonary regurgitation in 21 patients (mean interval after initial surgery, 33 years; range, 14-45 years), open valvotomy in 5 and pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty in 3 for residual PVS, closure of atrial septal defect in 2, right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in 1, closure of iatrogenic ventricular septal defect in 1, ligation of aortopulmonary fistula in 1, and tricuspid valve annuloplasty with simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting in 1. In addition, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were common, occurring in 20 patients (38%). Patients who underwent reintervention were more likely to have undergone closed pulmonary valvotomy as the initial repair (P=.008). CONCLUSION: Although overall survival after surgical treatment of isolated PVS remains excellent, many patients undergo late reintervention after 30 years of follow-up, emphasizing the need for lifelong cardiac follow-up.     

The rate and time indices of mitral and tricuspid valve movement during the cardiac cycle in congenital heart defects

Ultrasonic Doppler echotachocardiogram of the mitral and tricuspid valves together with polycardiogram were recorded in 44 patients with interatrial septal defect and in 18 patients with interventricular septal defect. The patients with interatrial septal defect manifested an increase of the velocity of the movement of the mitral valve during its opening, deceleration of the movement velocity in the atrial systole, a tendency towards movement deceleration during the closure, and a rise of the time of the mitral valve during its closure and opening. In interventricular septal defect, there was a tendency towards deceleration of the movement velocity of the mitral valve in the atrial systole. The velocity and time parameters of the movement of the tricuspid valve remained unchanged in patients with congenital defects under study.     

Intracardiac echocardiographic guidance during transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale

OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) guidance during transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) and to describe a detailed stepwise approach for performing ICE examinations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the ICE results of all patients who underwent transcatheter device closure of ASD/PFO at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, between October 2000 and November 2002. Conscious sedation was used, and all ICE studies were performed using a diagnostic ultrasound catheter. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients (47 male; median age, 51 years [range, 17-81 years]) underwent ICE during transcatheter device closure of ASD/PFO. Total procedure time was 128 minutes (range, 27-320 minutes). ICE identified a previously unrecognized anatomical diagnosis in 32 of 94 patients. An additional ASD or PFO was found in 16 patients; a redundant atrial septum or an atrial septal aneurysm was found in 12 patients. There were few ICE complications (4%): 3 patients developed atrial fibrillation, and 1 developed supraventricular tachycardia; of these 4, 2 resolved spontaneously, and 2 required cardioversion with no recurrence. CONCLUSION: ICE provides anatomical detail of ASD/PFO and cardiac structures facilitating congenital cardiac interventional procedures. ICE eliminates major drawbacks related to the use of transesophageal echocardiographic guidance for transcatheter device closure of ASD/PFO, specifically problems related to airway management. Finally, ICE gives the interventional cardiologist the ability to control all aspects of imaging without relying on additional echocardiographic support. We believe that ICE should be considered the preferred imaging technique for guidance of transcatheter device closure of ASD/PFO in adults and larger pediatric patients.     

主动脉根部缺如的房间隔缺损经导管介入治疗疗效分析

目的:探讨主动脉根部缺如的继发性房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)患者介入治疗的安全性及有效性。方法:采用回顾性的研究方法,收集了自2016年1月至2018年1月复旦大学附属中山医院心血管内科收治的402例ASD患者的临床资料。分为主动脉根部缺如组和正常组,所有患者均接受单一封堵器介入治疗,探究主动脉根部缺如组ASD患者行介入封堵治疗的安全性及有效性。结果:主动脉根部缺如与边缘正常所有患者术后均未出现重大手术并发症,术后右心重构明显改善,肺动脉压力下降,三尖瓣反流减少,但左室射血分数无明显变化。结论:主动脉根部缺如的ASD的介入封堵治疗是安全可行性,能够显著改善患者的右心功能,改善心室重构。     

自体心包重建隔瓣在三尖瓣下移瓣膜成形术中的应用

目的 报告在三尖瓣下移瓣膜成形术中应用自体心包重建隔瓣的方法和疗效。方法 对15例超声心动图示三尖瓣中～重反流合并隔瓣发育不良的三尖瓣下移畸形的患者，应用自体心包重建发育不良的瓣叶，同时环缩扩大的瓣环及折叠房化心室，并修补合并的房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭。结果 15例患者无手术死亡，出院前超声检查显示三尖瓣无或少量反流。随访2个月至50个月，复查超声显示无反流9例，少量反流5例，中－重度反流1例, 心功能I级6例，心功能II级8例，心功能III级1例。结论 在三尖瓣下移瓣膜成形术中应用自体心包重建隔瓣可以获得满意的早期和中期疗效。     

Right Atrial Separation Procedure for Eliminating Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Atrial Septal Defect

Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) had been documented in a patient with atrial septal defect for 7 years. A right atrial separation procedure was performed for ablation of chronic AF, concomitant with repair of the atrial septal defect, and followed by atrial electrophysiological mapping. A horizontal transectional incision extending to the borders of the atrial septum and the tricuspid annulus was made. Cryolesions of the atrial isthmus between the margin of the upper incision and the tricuspid valve annulus were created at -60†C for 2 minutes at a time. After the operation, the patient had restored normal sinus rhythm during a subsequent follow-up period of 48 months.     

经胸超声心动图代替经食道超声心动图引导房间隔缺损封堵术

目的：研究经胸超声心动图(TTE)代替经食道超声心动图(TEE)引导Amplatzer房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵器经导管治疗ASD。方法：64例有外科手术适应症的Ⅱ孔型ASD患者行TTE检查，如果可清楚观察ASD及其周边残存房间隔、周围功能性结构状况，能明确判断适合封堵即可选择TTE引导封堵。否则进行TEE检查，符合封堵条件者采用TEE引导。TTE引导时，心尖四腔切面观察封堵器呈规整‘00’形，大动脉短轴切面呈规整‘00’形或‘Y’形，剑下两房切面呈规整‘吕’字形；TEE引导时，观察封堵器腰部卡于房缺处、两伞平行地夹于房间隔两侧。同时超声观察到封堵器位置稳定，无残余分流，不影响周围结构功能，封堵成功。结果：5例封堵失败，其中TEE3例TTE2例。TEE成功引导26例封堵器置入，TTE33例。4例患者封堵2次，第2次住院封堵3例成功，TTE和TEE各引导2例。TTE随访，术后24小时每组各有1例患者少量残余分流(分流束宽≤2mm)，3个月时1例TTE引导的患者尚有少量残余分流。结论：大部分适合封堵的Ⅱ孔型ASD患者，TTE能清楚观察ASD及其周边残存房间隔状况、ASD边缘至周围功能性结构距离，可以代替TEE筛选患者、引导Amplatzer ASD封堵器置入。     

不同年龄段房间隔缺损封堵对心脏重构及心功能的影响

目的:观察各年龄段继发孔型房间隔缺损经导管介入封堵治疗后对心脏几何形态学及右心功能变化的影响.方法:回顾性分析,998-06/2008-10贵州省人民医院心内科收治的房间隔缺损患者109例,男53例,女56例,年龄3.5-70岁.按年龄段分为儿童组(年龄≤7岁,n=31),青少年组(年龄8-18岁,n=42)和成人组(年龄＞18岁,n=36).应用经胸超声心动图分别测量各年龄段房间隔缺损患者经导管房间隔缺损封堵治疗前和治疗后6个月收缩末期左房横径、右房横径、右房横径左房横径、右心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径、右心室舒张末期内径左心室舒张末期内径、肺动脉内径及左右心室射血分数的变化.结果:与术前相比,各组房间隔缺损封堵后6个月,右房、右室内径、肺动脉内径缩小,右房横径/左房横径和右心室舒张末期内径/左心室舒张末期内径明显下降,左房、左室内径增大,左、右室射血分数明显改善(P< 0.05-0.01);但儿童组心脏重构逆转及心功能改善程度明显大于青少年组及成人组(P<0.05),青少年组和成人组相比,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:继发孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗对不同年龄患者均能有效逆转心脏重构、改善心功能,但儿童阶段效果更好.     

右胸小切口心内直视手术82例体会

目的：总结采用右胸小切口行心内直视术的治疗体会。方法;在体外循环下采用右下切口工右乳房下弧形切口行心内畸形直视矫正术,瓣膜成形和置换术。共８２例,其中房间隔缺损２８例,室间隔缺损４６例,部分型房室管畸形２例,二尖瓣病变成形或置换手术６例：体外循环时间２５分钟至６８分钟至手术时间２小时至３小时,全组手术顺利完成,无手术意义。所有病例术后恢复良好,无栓塞,心律失常及脑部并发症。     

Left heart lesions in patients with Ebstein anomaly

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of left heart abnormalities in patients with Ebstein anomaly, recognizing that left-sided lesions in this patient group have been overlooked. PATIENTS AND METHODS: According to the echocardiography database at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, 106 consecutive patients with Ebstein anomaly underwent echocardiography between July 1, 2001, and February 28, 2003. Clinical data as well as electrocardiographic and echocardiographic reports and images were reviewed. RESULTS: Ebstein anomaly was severe in 76 patients (72%). Previous tricuspid valve surgery was reported in 46 patients (43%), and previous closure of an atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale was reported in 34 patients (32%). Left ventricular (LV) myocardial changes resembling noncompaction occurred in 19 patients (17.9%), LV systolic dysfunction in 7 patients (7%), LV diastolic dysfunction in 34 (36%) of 95 patients, and LV dilatation in 4 patients (4%). Additional left-sided cardiac lesions included mitral valve prolapse in 16 patients (15%), bicuspid aortic valve in 8 (8%), mitral valve dysplasia in 4 (4%), and ventricular septal defect in 8 (8%). Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome occurred in 22 patients (21%). The QRS axis tended to be different in LV noncompaction with a mean +/- SD axis of 12 degrees +/- 74 degrees vs 36 degrees +/- 66 degrees overall (P=.08). Otherwise, there were no differences in clinical or surgical data between the groups with normal and abnormal LV myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with Ebstein anomaly, left heart abnormalities involving the myocardium or valves were observed in 39% of patients. Ebstein anomaly should not be regarded as a disease confined to the right side of the heart.