雌激素对绝经后妇女冠心病治疗作用的观察

目的探索雌激素对绝经后妇女冠心病的防治机制及疗效。方法将１０８例绝经１年以上的女性冠心病患者随机分为三组（各３６例），甲组口服结合雌激素（倍美力）０．６２５ｍｇ１／ｄ，乙组口服７甲基异炔诺酮（利维爱）２．５ｍｇ１／ｄ，丙组口服安慰剂１片１／ｄ，于服药前及服药后第３、６个月末检测血脂谱及ＥＣＧ，并记录心绞痛发作情况。结果倍美力治疗后可使胆固醇（ＴＣ）降低１２．８％，甘油三酯（ＴＧ）降低１７．０％，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）降低２９．０％，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬＣ）上升１４６％。利维爱治疗后ＴＣ降低８．７％，ＴＧ降低１５．６～３３．８％、ＨＤＬＣ降低１９．７～２８．３％（Ｐ值均＜００１），ＬＤＬＣ无显著变化。倍美力及利维爱治疗第３、６个月后对心绞痛症状的总有效率分别为９０９％、９３５％和８３．３％和９３．１％，对ＥＣＧ缺血性改变的总有效率分别为７６．７％、８２．１％和７８．６％、８１４％，两种药物对妇女冠心病的心肌缺血疗效差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论雌激素替代治疗可显著改善绝经后妇女冠心病患者的异常血脂及心肌缺血     

雌激素替代治疗对绝经后女性血脂代谢及血浆内皮素的影响

目的 探讨雌激素替代治疗(ERT)对绝经妇女血脂及血浆内皮素的影响。方法 选择自然停经妇女60例,其中30例用ERT,另30例用安慰剂治疗30天。治疗前后均检测促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)。结果 ERT组妇女血清E_2水平较治疗前明显升高,P、T水平无明显变化,TC、TG及LDL-C下降,HDL-C升高,ET-1水平显著下降;安慰剂组妇女上述指标均无显著变化。线性相关分析显示:绝经妇女E_2与TC、TG、LDL-C及ET-1负相关,与HDL-C正相关;TC与ET-1明显正相关。结论 ERT能改善绝经妇女血脂代谢和降低其血浆内皮素-1水平。两者相互促进和补充,从而发挥心血管保护作用。     

雌激素替代疗法对绝经后妇女血清血管 紧张素转化酶及血脂代谢的影响

目的　探讨雌激素替代疗法 (ERT)对绝经后妇女血清血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)含量及血脂代谢的影响。方法　测定 30例健康绝经后妇女应用ERT(治疗组 )前及应用ERT 14周后血清ACE、雌二醇 (E2 )及血清甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、脂蛋白 (a) [Lp(a) ]含量 ,并与 30例健康绝经后妇女应用安慰剂 (对照组 )进行对照。结果　对照组应用安慰剂前后 ,ACE及血脂各项含量无变化 ;治疗组应用ERT后 ,ACE含量明显降低且与E2 呈负相关 ,血清TC、LDL C及Lp(a)含量降低 ,HDL C含量升高 ,TG无变化。结论　绝经后妇女补充雌激素 ,可通过降低血清ACE水平及改善血脂代谢共同发挥对心血管系统的保护作用。     

Combined estrogen replacement therapy on metabolic control in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus

Previous studies have shown that the incidence of diabetes is higher when women come to menopause. This study was carried out to examine the effects of combined estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on diabetes in postmenopausal women. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles published between January 1997 and June 2011. Studies that examined ERT on the incidence of diabetes and randomized clinical trials that evaluated combined ERT (estrogen plus progesterone) on diabetic indices in postmenopausal women were included. Pooled relative risks were calculated using a random- or a fixed-effects model. Sixteen studies comprising 17,971 cases were included. Based on the pooled data, ERT significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.68, ERT past/current/continuous use vs. never use; OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.51–0.65, ERT current/continuous use vs. past/never use]. Women with combined ERT have significantly lower levels of fasting plasma glucose (mean difference, –1.41 mM/L; 95% CI, –2.49 to ?0.33 mM/L) and HbA1c (mean difference, –0.73%; 95% CI, from ?1.28 to ?0.18%) compared with placebo. Furthermore, combined ERT dramatically reduced plasma total cholesterol (mean difference, –0.34 mM/L; 95% CI, from ?0.53 to ?0.15 mM/L) and low-density lipoprotein (mean difference, –0.43 mM/L; 95% CI, from ?0.71 to ?0.14 mM/L) but slightly increased high-density lipoprotein (mean difference, 0.02 mM/L; 95% CI, from ?0.07 to 0.12 mM/L) levels as compared with placebo control. This systemic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that postmenopausal women taking low-dose combined ERT have a decreased risk of developing diabetes and have better diabetic control.     

特立帕肽和降钙素治疗中国绝经后骨质疏松症患者的效果比较

目的比较特立帕肽[重组人甲状旁腺激素（1—34）;rhPTH（1—34）]与降钙素鼻喷剂对中国绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的治疗效果。方法特立帕肽组患者（N=217）采用特立帕肽20μg／d皮下注射,降钙素组患者（N=110）用鲑鱼降钙素鼻喷剂200IU／d滴鼻,疗程均为24周。2组患者均每天补充≥500mg的钙和200～400Iu的维生素D。主要终点是基线至终点腰椎BMD的变化率。结果特立帕肽组患者腰椎BMD从基线到终点的变化率与降钙素组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．0001）。与降钙素组相比,特立帕肽组患者从基线到终点血清骨钙素水平明显升高（P〈0．0001）。2组患者全髋和转子BMD变化率的差异均无统计学意义。2组患者出现不良事件（AE）者均较少,特立帕肽组AE较降钙素组多。结论特立帕肽增加腰椎BMD的效果优于降钙素,2种疗法均安全且耐受性好。     

鲑鱼降钙素鼻喷剂治疗绝经后骨质疏松患者骨密度及骨转换指标的变化

目的 观察鼻喷鲑鱼降钙素(calcitonin)治疗绝经后骨质疏松症(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)患者6个月和12个月后骨密度及骨转换指标的变化.方法 选择PMO患者共67例,给予鼻喷降钙素治疗37例;其余30例PMO患者单纯服用钙剂和维生素D作为对照组.各组分别于用药前和用药后6个月和12个月采用DEXA骨密度仪测定骨密度;定量夹心酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定Ⅰ型胶原N末端肽(NTX)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP-5b)、25-羟维生素D,化学发光法测定骨钙素(BGP).结果 5例患者因医疗费用、拒绝坚持治疗退出试验,鼻喷降钙素组共32例完成试验.鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月后可见患者股骨颈和腰椎骨密度均较前有所增加,但仅在腰椎差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在股骨颈治疗前后骨密度的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗12个月时股骨颈和腰椎骨密度较前均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组在治疗6个月时的腰椎和治疗12个月时的股骨颈和腰椎部位骨密度均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月和12个月时,股骨颈和腰椎骨密度均较对照组升高(P＜0.05).鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月后,TRACP-5b、NTX/Cr较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗12个月后,除TRACP-5b、NTX/Cr较前降低更加明显以外(P＜0.01),BALP较治疗前有升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组在治疗12个月时,BALP较前有降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).25-羟维生素D在各组经治疗后,均明显升高,差异有统计学意义.结论 本研究结果显示鼻喷降钙素治疗6个月有效,12个月效果显著,可预防骨丢失,增加骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of bone mineral density(BMD)and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray. Methods Sixty-seven postmenopausal osteoporotic patients were enrolled in our trial. All of them received calcium and vitamin D; 37patients were treated with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for 12 months and the other 30 patients received calcium and vitamin D only. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA)and measurements of a series of bone turnover indices were performed before and after medication for 6 and 12 months. Results After treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 increased but no change occurred in femoral neck. However, after treatment for 12 months, BMD in both lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck increased. In the control group, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 decreased after treatment for 6 and 12 months, but BMD in femoral neck decreased only after 12months. Comparing with the control group, after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray, BMD in lumbar spine 2-4 and femoral neck were increased obviously. The level of TRACP-5b and NTX/Cr decreased after treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray for6 months and 12 months, while BALP increased only after treatment for 12 months. In the control group, BALP decreased after treatment for 12 months. The level of 25-(OH)vitamin D increased after treatment for 6 months and 12 months in both groups. Conclusions Long-term treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray prevents bone loss and may increase bone mass.     

行激素补充疗法的绝经后妇女子宫内膜安全性监测

目的　探讨应用激素补充疗法(HRT)的绝经后妇女子宫内膜安全性的监测方法。　方法　对60例绝经后行HRT妇女进行血清雌二醇(E2)测定;阴道B超(TVS)监测子宫体积和子宫内膜厚度;对部分患者行子宫内膜的病理学检查和雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)半定量检测。　结果　应用HRT后,子宫内膜明显增厚,均值从2.8mm升至3.9mm(P＜0.05);E2显著上升,由(20.6±6.9)ng/L升至(33.8±11.7)ng/L（P＜0.01）;子宫内膜厚度与E2呈正相关关系(r=0.94,P＜0.01);20例送检内膜中,2例简单型增生过长,1例复杂型增生过长,余为萎缩型;ER(+)19例,ER(++)1例;PR均为(+)。　结论　根据临床表现,并结合血清E2和TVS检测子宫内膜厚度,可对子宫内膜安全性进行初步评估;当E2＞45ng/L,子宫内膜厚度≥5mm时,则需进一步行子宫内膜病理学检查和ER测定。     

雌激素替代治疗对绝经后妇女冠心病者血脂代谢及抗氧化作用的研究

对32例绝经后妇女（PMW）冠心病患者（CHD组）进行雌激素替代治疗（ERT），以观察对其血脂代谢及机体抗氧化水平的影响。另选取绝经后健康妇女30例为对照组。CHD组口服尼尔雌醇（CEE3）每月2次，每次2mg，连用6个月，分别于用药前、用药后3个月及6个月检测总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL－C）、脂蛋白（a）［LP（a）］、氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（Ox－LDL）、丙二醛（MDA）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）。结果表明ERT前CHD组与对照组比较LP（a）、Ox－LDL及MDA水平明显升高（P＜0．05），而SOD总活力显著降低；CHD组于ERT后TC无明显变化，TG呈升高趋势（P＞0.05），而LDL-C、TC／HDL－C和LDL－C／HDL－C显著下降（P＜0．01），LP（a）也明显降低（P＜0．05），而HDL－C显著上升（P＜0．01）；血浆Ox－LDL、血清MDA显著下降（P＜0．01），血清SOD总活力明显上升（P＜0．05），提示ERT不仅能显著改善PMW之CHD患者血脂紊乱，而且能有效地提高机体抗氧化水平。     

雌激素替代治疗对妇女冠心病患者血浆一氧化氮和内皮素的影响

目的 :研究绝经后妇女冠心病 ( CHD)患者血浆一氧化氮 ( NO)和内皮素 ( ET- 1)之间的关系 ,探讨雌激素替代治疗 ( ERT)改善血管内皮功能的作用机制。方法 :5 8例绝经后 CHD患者随机分为治疗组和安慰剂组。治疗组每天给予克龄蒙 (含戊酸雌二醇 2 mg,第 1～ 12天服 ;含戊酸雌二醇 2 m g和醋酸环丙孕酮 1m g,第 13～ 2 2天服 ) 1片 ,安慰剂组每天给予安慰剂 1片 ,观察治疗 6个月后血浆 NO和 ET- 1的变化。结果 :治疗组血浆 NO水平显著升高 ( P <0 .0 1) ,ET- 1显著降低 ( P <0 .0 1) ,NO与 ET- 1的比率亦显著升高 ( P <0 .0 1) ,安慰剂组则变化不明显。结论 :ERT能改善绝经后妇女 CHD患者 NO与 ET- 1的比率 ,这可能是其改善血管内皮功能的机制之一 ,可能有助于绝经后妇女 CHD的 2级预防     

雌激素替代疗法对QTcd和JTcd的影响

目的 探讨雌激素替代疗法对QTcd和JTcd的影响。方法 选择自然闭经一年以上的妇女31例，每日口服结合雌激素0．625mg，连续服用6个月，在治疗前、治疗3个月和6个月各做休息和活动平板运动试验心电图。结果 与治疗前比较，治疗后3个月时运动试验心电图出现QTcd、JTcd延长，治疗6个月时休息心电图和运动试验心电图的QTcd、JTcd均延长。治疗3个月、6个月时运动试验的QTcd、JTcd较休息时延长。结论 雌激素替代疗法具有延长QTcd和JTcd的作用。     

鲑鱼降钙素对老年骨科手术后患者骨代谢的影响

目的：观察老年患者骨科围术期骨代谢变化特点及术后应用鲑鱼降钙素对骨代谢的影响。方法年龄＞60岁老年患者90例纳入本研究,男性21例,女性69例。其中行髋关节手术37例,膝关节手术38例,腰椎手术15例。将研究对象随机分为2组,治疗组45例,术后应用鲑鱼降钙素＋碳酸钙片＋活性维生素D抗骨质疏松治疗;对照组45例,术后应用碳酸钙片＋活性维生素D治疗。分别于术前、术后1周、术后3个月测定静脉血骨钙素（OC）及Ⅰ型胶原交联C端肽（β-CTX）水平;于术前、术后3个月采用DEXA双能X线骨密度仪测定患者腰椎及髋部骨密度。结果共78例患者完成随访,对照组（n＝37）术后1周β-CTX均值较术前明显升高（P＜0.001）,术后3个月较术前变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组（n＝41）术后1周β-CTX均值较术前明显升高（P＜0.001）,术后3个月较术前明显降低（P＜0.05）;对照组术后1周OC均值较术前明显降低（P＜0.05）,术后3个月较术前无明显变化（P＞0.05）;治疗组术后1周OC均值较术前明显降低（P＜0.001）,术后3个月较术前无明显变化（P＞0.05）;治疗组与对照组腰椎、髋部BMD术前与术后3个月差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论老年患者接受骨科手术前后骨代谢发生改变,手术后1周骨吸收过程活跃,骨形成过程受抑制;术后应用鲑鱼降钙素3个月抗骨质疏松治疗能有效抑制骨吸收,但对促进骨形成无明显影响。     

雌激素替代治疗对绝经后冠心病妇女血脂和胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 :观察雌激素替代治疗对绝经后冠心病 （CHD）妇女血脂谱和胰岛素抵抗的改善作用。方法 :对确诊为CHD的绝经后妇女 ,口服尼尔雌醇 2 m g/2周 ,治疗 6个月。分别于治疗前后测定血糖、胰岛素 （INS）、性激素结合球蛋白 （SHBG）、促卵泡素 （FSH）、黄体生成素 （L H）、雌二醇 （E2 ）、总胆固醇 （T- CH）、甘油三酯 （TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （HDL- C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （L DL- C）等 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数 （SI）。结果 :雌激素替代后 ,CHD患者的 FSH,L H,T- CH,TG,L DL- C,INS明显下降 ;而 E2 ,SHBG,HDL- C,SI明显升高。结论 :雌激素替代治疗能改善 CHD患者血脂谱紊乱和胰岛素抵抗     

7-甲基异炔诺酮对绝经妇女血浆内皮素、血栓烷及前列腺素的影响

目的　探讨雌激素替代疗法对绝经妇女血浆内皮素、血栓烷B2 及 6 酮 前列腺素F1α( 6 K PGF1α)的影响。　方法　采用化学发光法的测定绝经妇女服用雌激素 7 甲基异炔诺酮前、后血清中雌二醇、孕酮、睾酮的变化 ,应用放免方法检测血浆中内皮素、6 K PGF1α和血栓烷B2 的含量。　结果　治疗组治疗后雌二醇 ( 136 91± 10 18)IU/L ,较治疗前 ( 4 4 38± 5 6 7)IU/L明显增高 (P <0 0 1) ,睾酮治疗前后差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。治疗组治疗后血浆内皮素含量 ( 4 4 38± 5 6 7)ng/L ,低于治疗前 ( 74 73± 5 6 6 )ng/L ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆血栓素B2 和 6 k PGF1α的含量较治疗前无明显变化 ,对照组治疗前、后血中雌二醇、孕酮、睾酮、内皮素、6 K PGF1α和血栓烷B2 无明显变化。　结论　口服 7 甲基异炔诺酮可使体内雌二醇水平升高 ,发挥调节血管内皮功能的作用 ,但对血浆 6 K PGF1α和血栓烷B2 的平衡无明显影响     

The bone mineral density effects of calcitonin and alendronate combined therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Aim The bone mineral density (BMD) effects of calcitonin (CT) and alendronate (ALEN) therapy either alone or in combination were evaluated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Method Eighty out of 100 patients with RA using methotrexate 5–12.5 mg/week and prednisone 5–10 mg/day were included in the study. These were randomly divided into four groups: the first group was given ALEN 70 mg/week; the second was given 200 IU/day CT nasal spray; and the third group was given combined therapy of 70 mg/week ALEN and 200 IU/day CT nasal spray. The fourth group (control) as well as the other three groups were given 600 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry BMD of lumbar, hip and forearm regions and laboratory investigations were performed before and at the 12th month of the therapy. Reuslts Only the combined therapy group displayed significant decreases of alkaline phosphatase levels, pointing out that the high bone turnover seen in RA patients can only be normalized by combination therapy. Also the combined therapy group showed significant increases at the lumbar and hip regions, whereas at the forearm regions BMD values stabilized. Conclusion We recommend the use of CT and ALEN combined therapy, especially in severe active cases of RA, but further prospective studies consisting of larger patient populations are needed to confirm the additive effects of this combined therapy on fracture risk in these patients.     

Estrogen replacement therapy and colorectal cancer risk in elderly women

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common incident cancer in the United States and causes more cancer deaths than any site except lung. Twenty-two epidemiologic studies have examined the relationship of estrogen replacement therapy and colon and rectal cancers with inconsistent results. However, recent studies suggest a reduced risk among current users. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the Leisure World Cohort for possible association of estrogen replacement therapy with colorectal cancer risk. METHODS: A cohort of 7,701 female members who were initially free of cancer and self-reported their use of estrogen replacement therapy were followed up from June 1981 through December 1995 for development of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: We observed 249 incident colorectal cancer cases and 89 colorectal cancer deaths. Women who had used estrogen replacement therapy had an age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence rate of 2.67 per 1,000 person-years compared with 3.30 per 1,000 personyears among lifetime nonusers (relative risk =0.81; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.04). Among recent users the incidence was one-third lower than among lifetime nonusers (relative risk =0.66; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.98). Risk did not differ by duration of estrogen replacement therapy, usual dose of conjugated estrogen, or route of estrogen administration. The effects of current estrogen replacement therapy on colon cancer incidence (relative risk =0.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.09), right-sided colon cancer incidence (relative risk =0.75, 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 1.48), left-sided colon cancer incidence (relative risk =0.76; 0.76; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.41 to 1.41), rectal cancer incidence (relative risk =0.52; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.21 to 1.31), and colorectal cancer mortality (relative risk =0.82; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.44 to 1.54) were similar. CONCLUSION: A reduced risk of colorectal cancer may be an additional benefit of recent estrogen replacement therapy use, which should be considered by postmenopausal women when deciding whether to use hormones.This research was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA32197), the Earl Caroll Trust Fund, and Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories.Presented at the annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Fertility Society, Indian Wells, California, April 22 to 26, 1998.     

Clinical outcome of salmon calcitonin nasal spray treatment in postmenopausal women after total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: The increasing rate of hip fractures is giving rise to a number of socio-economic problems for the aging community. In addition to being unable to resume their previous living habits, many patients fail to achieve full functional recovery after the fractures. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a successful operation for the majority of patients with all forms of hip fractures, being performed increasingly often throughout the world. Revision rates for THA range up to 20% per year. Aseptic loosening is the reason for 75% of the revisions. An additional problem post-THA is the rate of heterotopic soft tissue calcification after THA, resulting in severely impaired function, pain, and a reduced range of hip movement. SUBJECTS: In an open study, 37 women who had undergone cementless THA after accidental hip fractures were treated twice daily with 200 IU of salmon calcitonin nasal spray for 12 months. Simultaneously the patients received one bag of 1,000 mg calcium plus 880 IU vitamin D daily throughout the treatment period of 1 year. A parallel group of 38 women with a similar clinical status in terms of hip fractures and cementless THA were treated with only one bag of 1,000 mg calcium plus 880 IU vitamin D daily through the treatment period. RESULTS: The results of this 12-month clinical trial show that 200 IU of salmon calcitonin nasal spray per day significantly improves the clinical outcome of postmenopausal elderly women following THA. Treatment with a salmon calcitonin nasal spray significantly reduces bone turnover, loss of bone density, and pain. The functional status of the patients was improved and the risk of falling reduced by rehabilitation during the observation period of 12 months. Additionally, calcitonin promoted the repair of hip fractures and was associated with a significantly lesser rate of refractures as well as periprosthetic ossifications. CONCLUSION: The increasing revision rate for THA during the first year and the patient's problem of resuming their previous living habits are the main foci of our study. Calcitonin nasal spray seems to cause few side effects. The additive treatment appears to improve the clinical outcome of THA in elderly postmenopausal women.     

雌激素对绝经后冠心病妇女糖、脂代谢和内皮功能的调节作用

目的 研究雌激素替代治疗(ERT)对绝经后妇女冠心病(CHD)患者血糖、胰岛素、血脂、血浆一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET-1)及前列环素(PGI2)的影响,探讨雌激素对心血管的保护效应。方法 58例绝经后妇女CHD患者随机分为治疗组和安慰剂组,治疗组每天给予病人服用克龄蒙(含戊酸雌二醇2mg,第1-12天服;戊酸雌二醇2mg和醋酸环丙孕酮1mg,第13-22天服)1片,安慰剂组每天给予安慰剂1片,观察治疗6个月后血糖、胰岛素、胰岛索敏感性指标、血脂、血浆NO、ET-1及PGI2的变化。结果 治疗组血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白显著降低(P<0.05),胰岛素水平、ET-1显著降低(P<0.01),胰岛素敏感性指标、NO、NO/ET-1及PGI2水平显著升高(P<0.01),安慰剂组则变化不明显。结论 ERT能改善绝经后妇女冠心病患者糖代谢、脂代谢及血管内皮功能,可能有助于绝经后妇女CHD的二级预防。     

激素替代治疗对去卵巢大鼠动脉雌激素受体表达的影响

目的　研究雌、孕激素替代治疗时去卵巢大鼠动脉壁雌激素受体 (ER)的表达。　方法　将 40只成年雌性大鼠随机分为 4组 :假手术对照组、去卵巢组、去卵巢 雌激素治疗组、去卵巢 雌孕激素治疗组。给予正常饮食 ,2个月后处死大鼠。用放免法检测血清中雌二醇和孕酮浓度 ,用放射配体结合分析法检测大鼠主动脉ER的含量。　结果　 (1)正常雌性成年大鼠 (假手术对照组 )主动脉中存在ER ,解离常数 (Kd)为 (3 0± 0 7)× 10 -9,最大结合容量 (Bmax)为 (37 4± 7 9)pmol/g蛋白 ;(2 )去卵巢组大鼠动脉ER的Bmax〔(10 4± 5 9)pmol/g蛋白〕显著低于假手术组 (P <0 0 1) ;(3)去卵巢 雌激素治疗组与去卵巢 雌孕激素治疗组动脉ER的Bmax差别无显著性〔(分别为 (40 7± 7 5 )和(35 1± 4 5 )pmol/g蛋白〕 ,二者都显著高于去卵巢组 ;各组间Kd值差别无显著性。　结论　去卵巢2个月后大鼠主动脉的ER表达显著减少 ,补充雌激素或补充雌、孕激素能使去卵巢大鼠主动脉ER的含量维持在正常水平 ,这可能是雌激素对绝经后妇女心血管保护作用的机制之一。     

Once-yearly zoledronic acid in the prevention of osteoporotic bone fractures in postmenopausal women

Zoledronic acid is a nitrogen-containing, third-generation bisphosphonate that has recently been approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis as an annual intravenous infusion. Zoledronic acid is an antiresorptive agent which has a high affinity for mineralized bone and especially for sites of high bone turnover. Zoledronic acid is excreted by the kidney without further metabolism. Zoledronic acid administered as a 5 mg intravenous infusion annually increases bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck by 6.7% and 5.1% respectively and reduces the incidence of new vertebral and hip fractures by 70% and 41% respectively in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Most common side effects are post-dose fever, flu-like symptoms, myalgia, arthralgia, and headache which usually occur in the first 3 days after infusion and are self-limited. Rare adverse effects include renal dysfunction, hypocalcemia, atrial fibrillation, and osteonecrosis of the jaw.