羟乙基淀粉对颅脑手术患者血浆胶体渗透压的影响

目的观察颅脑手术患者输注羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液行术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对血浆胶体渗透压(COP)的影响。方法将100例ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑手术患者随机分成两组:羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组(V组,n=50)和平衡盐注射液组(R组,n=50),按组别于麻醉诱导后、手术前分别用相应液体进行AHH,分别于AHH前,AHH后,测定患者的循环指标、血常规、电解质及COP。结果 V组AHH后COP较稀释前明显升高(t=-81.550,P<0.05),而R组则较稀释前明显下降(t=29.453,P<0.05)。结论羟乙基淀粉130/0.4进行AHH可显著提高颅脑手术患者的COP。     

羟乙基淀粉对颅脑手术患者血浆胶体渗透压的影响

目的观察颅脑手术患者输注羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液行术前急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对血浆胶体渗透压(COP)的影响。方法将100例ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑手术患者随机分成两组:羟乙基淀粉130/0.4组(V组,n=50)和平衡盐注射液组(R组,n=50),按组别于麻醉诱导后、手术前分别用相应液体进行AHH,分别于AHH前后,测定患者的循环指标、血常规、电解质及COP。结果 V组AHH后COP较稀释前明显升高(t=-81.550,P<0.05),而R组则较稀释前明显下降(t=29.453,P<0.05)。结论羟乙基淀粉130/0.4进行AHH可显著提高颅脑手术患者的COP。     

急性高容量血液稀释在直肠癌手术中的应用

目的 观察羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)术前急性高容量血液稀释在全麻复合硬膜外阻滞下直肠癌手术患者中应用的可行性.方法 ASAI-II组患者42例,随机分为观察组(A组)和对照组(B组).A组:于切皮前50ml/min输入6 %HES130/0.4 1000ml.B组:输入等量的复方氯化钠.持续监测MAP、HR、SPO 2和PETCO2分别于稀释前、稀释后、术毕、术后第1天和第7天测定Hct、PT、APTT、Fib 的变化.记录术中输血量和输液量,计算出血量.结果 术中两组患者出血量和输液量差异无显著意义,输血量及输血患者人数A组明显于B组(P<0.05).A组MAP明显低于B组(P <0.05),稀释后HR明显减小(P<0.05),CVP明显升高( P<0.01),但尚在正常生理范围.A组的Hct在稀释后及术中明显低于基础值及A组( P<0.05),便在术毕和术后第1天及第7天两组间差异无显著意义.PT、APTT 用Fib组间比较差异无显著意义.结论 全麻复合硬膜外阻滞下直肠癌手术患者使用HES施行AHH可有效维持血液动力学平稳及提高患者对失血的耐受性.     

三种胶体液行急性高容血液稀释对患者血流动力学及内环境的影响

目的 比较高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40、130/0.4羟乙基淀粉和聚明胶肽行AHH对患者血流动力学及内环境的影响.方法 择期胃肠道肿瘤患者80例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ,随机等分为四组.全麻插管后从中心静脉输注A组(高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40)(4 ml/kg、10 ml/min),B(130/0.4羟乙基淀粉)、C(聚明胶肽)和D组...     

腰硬联合麻醉下不同剂量羟乙基淀粉预扩容在剖宫产术中的应用

目的:观察不同剂量羟乙基淀粉130/0.4在腰硬联合麻醉(CSEA)下预扩容行剖宫产术中的效果。方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、择期剖宫产手术病人90例,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组30例。在麻醉前30min内分别给予5ml/kg(A组)、10ml/kg(B组)、15ml/kg(C组)羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液。监测麻醉前、麻醉后1、5、15min和手术结束时的血流动力学,记录麻黄素用量,以及新生儿1、5minApgar评分。结果:A组术中发生低血压14例(46.7%),高于B组7例(23.3%)和C组6例(20.0%),差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;A组应用麻黄素总量分别为100mg,多于B组的63mg和C组的68mg,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;各组新生儿1、5minApgar评分无统计学差异,p>0.05。结论:10ml/kg羟乙基淀粉130/0.4预扩容更适合应用于CSEA下行择期剖宫产术。     

中分子量羟乙基淀粉130/0.4电解质注射液作为体外循环预充液对凝血功能影响的临床研究

目的观察羟乙基淀粉130/0.4电解质注射液用于成人体外循环(ECC)管路预充对术后凝血功能的影响。方法采用双盲、随机对照研究方法,272例18岁以上于2019年5月至2019年11月于本院ECC下行心脏手术患者,分为羟乙基淀粉130/0.4电解质注射液组(20 ml/kg,A组)、羟乙基淀粉130/0.4电解质注射液组(40 ml/kg,B组)、琥珀酰明胶组(20 ml/kg,C组)、琥珀酰明胶组(40 ml/kg,D组),每组各68例。应用血栓弹力图测定检测转前(T1)、鱼精蛋白中和后15 min(T2)、转后4 h(T3)及术后24 h(T4)的凝血功能。结果四组患者年龄、身高、体重、性别、手术种类及术前心功能差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),ECC时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后呼吸机辅助通气时间、ICU监护时间、术中红细胞用量、术后24 h红细胞用量、24 h胸液引流量差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。组间比较,B组血小板数量在T2时点组与A组、C组、D组有显著性差异(P=0.005);血栓弹力图最大幅度值在T2时点,B组与A组、C组和D组有显著性差异(P=0.009)。结论中分子量羟乙基淀粉130/0.4电解质注射液作为ECC预充液,当剂量小于40 ml/kg时对机体凝血功能不会造成明显影响。     

羟乙基淀粉联合麻黄碱预防腰硬联合麻醉中低血压的观察

目的 探讨羟乙基淀粉联合麻黄碱扩容对腰硬联合麻醉病人血压及心率的影响.方法 90例腰硬联合麻醉病人随机分为三组:羟乙基淀粉联合麻黄碱(A组),羟乙基淀粉(B组)和单纯乳酸林格氏液(C组).每组30例.全部病人均先给予乳酸林格氏液10ml/kg,补充生理需要量.A组给予羟乙基淀粉(HES)以25ml/min的速度,10ml/kg的用量输入.于腰穿前2-3分钟给予麻黄碱6mg.B组给予羟乙基淀粉,输入速度及用量同A组,C组单纯给予乳酸林格氏液以25ml/min,10ml/kg输入.监测病人入室(T0)预处理后(T1),腰麻注药后5min(T2)8min(T3)15min(T4),BP及HR变化.结果 A组病人在T2T3和T4时点与T0相比BP及HR无明显变化(P>0.05).B组病人BP及HR在T2T3和T4时点下降明显,与T0同时点A组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05).C组病人T2T3及T4时点与T0相比及与同时点A组相比BP和HR变化明显,有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 在腰硬联合麻醉下,对无严重心肺疾患病人给予预羟乙基淀粉联合麻黄碱处理,可以明显减少腰硬联合麻醉后BP下降的发生率.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合控制性降压在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

目的探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)联合控制性降压(CH)用于鼻内窥镜手术的安全性及可行性。方法择期在全身麻醉下行鼻内窥镜手术病人30例,随机分为AHH联合CH组(A组)和单纯AHH组(B组),每组15例。两组病人同时于麻醉诱导后以6%羟乙基淀粉15m.lkg-1,30m.lm in-1实施AHH,A组在AHH同时以硝酸甘油0.5~1μg.kg-1.m in-1持续静脉泵入,实施CH,手术病灶切除后停止降压。结果A组平均动脉压(MAP)显著低于术前(P<0.01)和B组(P<0.01),停止降压后上升,术毕略高于B组。两组病人心率无明显变化。AHH后两组中心静脉压(CVP)均明显升高(P<0.01),A组低于B组(P<0.05);血红蛋白、红细胞压积(HCT)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)均显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),术后24h上升,但A组血红蛋白仍明显低于术前(P<0.05);尿素氮、肌酐、肌酸均在正常范围。A组手术时间较B组缩短44%,术中出血量明显少于B组(P<0.01)。结论AHH联合CH用于鼻内窥镜手术病人,可明显减少出血量,缩短手术时间,是安全可行的。     

共同负荷联合血管收缩药预防剖宫产术腰麻后低血压的研究

目的 观察羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)共同负荷与羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)共同负荷联合小剂量麻黄素预防剖宫产术腰麻后低血压的效果.方法 选择60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级脊麻下行剖宫产术的患者,随机分成三组,每组20例,A组为万汶共同负荷联合小剂量麻黄素组,B组为万汶共同负荷组,C组为对照组.采用腰硬联合麻醉技术穿刺,经腰穿针进入蛛网膜下腔向头部注入0.5%等比重布比卡因10mg.A组:用10mg麻黄素注入羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液(万汶)500ml溶液中配成混合溶液,在脊麻注药后以10ml/kg在30min内快速输注.B组:在脊麻注药后以万汶10ml/kg在30min内快速输注.C组:脊麻后以乳酸林格液6～8ml/kg.h持续输注.记录不同时点的SBP、DBP、HR的变化及不良反应发生率.结果 A组SBP、DBP、HR在T1升高(P＜0.05); B组、C组的SBP、DBP在脊麻后各时点均有不同程度下降,但B组T2、T3及C组T1、T2、T3时点下降较为明显(P＜0.01);三组组间T1、T2、T3各时点SBP、DBP比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).低血压发生率C组＞B组＞A组 (P＜0.01).结论 羟乙基淀粉(130/0.4)共同负荷联合小剂量麻黄素能有效减少剖宫产术脊麻后低血压发生率和提供相对平稳的血流动力学.     

急性高容量血液稀释对老年神经外科手术患者肾功能的影响

目的 观察术前轻度急性高容量血液稀释(AHH)对老年神经外科手术患者肾功能的影响.方法 选择老年开颅择期手术40例随机分为A、B两组,每组各20例.A组(羟乙基淀粉组)输注6%羟乙基淀粉液;B组(对照组)输注乳酸钠林格液,麻醉诱导前15分钟开始行AHH,两组病人行AHH所需液体均以15ml.kg-1的剂量、20～30m...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.