四角融合联合舟骨切除术治疗腕塌陷10例

[目的]评价应用四角融合联合舟骨切除术治疗进行性腕塌陷的临床效果。[方法]切除舟骨,应用全螺纹空心螺钉融合头状骨、月骨、三角骨和钩骨治疗10例进行性腕塌陷,术后随访1～5年,平均(3.71±1.24)年,随访检查包括腕关节疼痛程度、腕关节活动度、握力及X线片检查,观察上述指标术前术后变化。[结果] 10例患者腕关节疼痛消失或基本消失。平均握力恢复至健侧的80%,腕关节活动度恢复至健侧的52%。[结论]四角融合联合舟骨切除术是治疗进行性腕塌陷的有效方法,术后能恢复大部分腕功能。     

头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的：报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法：对４６例患者行坏死月骨摘除,头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果：术后随访１６～４８个月,平均２１．５个月,４５例腕痛完全消失,１例明显缓解,握力平均达健侧的８０％,腕关节活动范围达健侧的７５％。结论：２种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

头状骨带蒂移位与血管蒂骨瓣植入治疗月骨无菌坏死

目的 报道带骨间前动脉背侧支血管蒂的头状骨移位术与以桡动脉茎突返支为蒂的桡骨瓣植入术联合应用治疗月骨晚期缺血性坏死的结果。方法 对46例患者行坏死月骨摘除头状骨带蒂移位后以血管蒂骨瓣植入填塞头状骨空隙。结果 术后随访16～48个月，平均21．5个月，43例腕痛完全消失，3例明显缓解，握力平均达健侧的80％，腕关节活动范围达健侧的75％。结论 两种术式的联合应用对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨缺血性坏死疗效显著。     

掌长肌腱填塞和STTC融合治疗月骨无菌性坏死的疗效

目的　报道月骨摘除后用掌长肌腱球填塞和腕舟骨 ,大、小多角骨 ,头状骨融合固定术(STTC) ,治疗月骨缺血性坏死的结果。方法　对 17例患者行坏死月骨摘除术后填塞掌长肌腱球 ,同时行舟骨 -大、小多角骨 ,舟 -头关节融合术。结果　术后随访 14～ 5 8个月 ,平均 2 3.6个月。 9例腕痛完全缓解 ,7例仍有轻度疼痛 ,1例腕痛严重。腕背伸平均度数为术前的 95 %、正常侧的 46 .4% ;掌屈平均度数为术前的 6 5 .4%、正常侧的 5 6 %。握力平均达正常侧的 75 %。 17例中 16例的舟、大、小多角骨、头状骨均已完全融合 ,腕高指数平均为 0 .49。结论　应用该法治疗 、 期的月骨缺血性坏死 ,能有效地缓解疼痛、改善握力及腕关节活动度和保持腕高     

桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣移植治疗腕月骨骨坏死

目的探讨应用桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣移植治疗腕月骨骨坏死的手术方法。方法根据桡骨远端血液供应的解剖学基础,设计带桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣,移植治疗腕月骨早期骨坏死6例。结果术后随访11个月～3年5个月,5例腕痛完全消失,1例腕关节用力活动后,出现酸痛不适。腕关节活动度明显改善,腕关节背伸平均45°,屈曲平均37°,患手握力比术前明显增加,达正常侧的85．6%。X线照片显示月骨密度恢复正常。结论桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣移植治疗腕月骨骨坏死具有血管解剖恒定、血供可靠、手术操作简单,是治疗腕月骨早期骨坏死的一种有效手术方法。     

带血管蒂桡骨瓣移植联合舟头固定治疗Lichtman Ⅱ、ⅢA期月骨无菌性坏死的早期疗效

目的探讨第4、5间室内动脉蒂桡骨瓣移植联合舟头固定治疗Lichtman Ⅱ、ⅢA期月骨无菌性坏死的临床疗效。方法自2018年2月至2020年3月, 我们对9例Lichtman Ⅱ、ⅢA期月骨无菌性坏死患者, 采用第4、5间室内动脉蒂桡骨瓣移植联合舟头固定的方法治疗。分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月时随访患者腕关节运动范围(range of motion, ROM)和患侧健侧握力比值, 以及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、腕关节PRWE评分。根据腕部X线片测量腕高比, 根据腕关节MRI观察月骨高信号与月骨面积比值。结果术后9例患者均获得随访。术前VAS平均(6.22±1.39)分, 术后3个月为(1.44±0.88)分, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前患侧健侧手握力比值为0.47±0.09, 术后3个月为0.81±0.06, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前腕关节ROM为(84.55±4.24)°, 术后6个月为(89.88±3.75)°, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腕关节PRWE评分术前为73.22±7...     

带蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨治疗月骨缺血性坏死

作者从１９８６年３月～１９９３年６月采用带血管蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨治疗月骨缺血性坏死１８例。术前按Ｌｉｃｈｔｍａｎ分期，Ⅱ期２例，Ⅲ期１６例。Ⅲ期１６例中有８例同时行腕骨间融合术。随访２５～５１个月，平均３年１个月。１７例腕痛缓解，腕关节活动和握力均有改善。Ｘ线片结果：带蒂豌豆骨植入位置正常。腕高比值、ＭｃＭｕｒｔｒｙ指数和桡舟角与术前比较没有显著差异。按周连圻介绍的标准进行评定：优１２例，良５例，可１例，优良率达９４％。我们认为带蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨是治疗月骨缺血性坏死Ⅲ期的一种有效方法。     

头状骨移位治疗月骨无菌性坏死

目的 介绍以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的头状骨移位治疗晚期月骨无菌性坏死。方法 对18例Lichtman分Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨无菌性坏死患者采用坏死月骨摘除，以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的头状骨移位替代坏死月骨。结果 术后随访1～5年，平均32个月，移位头状骨有可靠血运，16例腕痛消失，2例仍有轻度腕痛，优良率100％。结论 应用该法替代月骨支撑腕关节，符合腕关节功能解剖，是治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期月骨无菌性坏死的有效方法。     

桡骨远端楔形截骨术与植骨加压螺丝钉固定术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的疗效比较

目的:比较桡骨远端楔形截骨术与植骨加压螺钉内固定术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的疗效.方法:分为两组,A组为2003年月3月到2006年12月应用桡骨远端楔形截骨术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合33例,B组为2007年1月到2010年6月,应用植骨加压螺钉内固定术治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合23例.术后随访6个月-5年,随访检查包括X线检查骨折愈合情况及腕关节疼痛程度、腕关节活动度、握力.结果:A组:X线检查腕舟状骨均愈合,骨折线消失;桡骨远端截骨处完全愈合,桡骨远端关节面尺偏角变平,近乎平面.腕疼痛值静息时为1.1,用力后为2.3;屈伸活动度为122度(健侧126度),尺桡偏为49度(健侧57度);平均握力为38kg(健侧40Kg).B组,X线片检查23例中有3例仍骨折不愈合,骨折愈合率87%,骨折愈合者腕疼痛值静息时为1.2,用力后为2.4;屈伸活动度为120度(健侧126度),尺桡偏为50度(健侧57度);平均握力为36Kg(健侧40Kg).结论:通过对两种术式治疗腕舟状骨骨折不愈合的疗效比较,桡骨远端楔形截骨术较植骨加压螺钉内固定术愈合率高,使腕关节的绝大部分功能得到保存,是治疗腕舟状骨不愈合的有效方法.两种方法骨折愈合后对腕关节活动度、疼痛程度、握力的影响无显著差异.     

显微外科技术治疗腕月骨缺血性坏死

目的：报道采用显微外科技术治疗腕月骨缺血性坏死２３例的临床效果。方法：３例采用带掌背血管蒂的骨瓣月骨植入术；２０例采用月骨切除和带血管蒂的豌豆骨移位替代月骨。结果：随访８～５１个月，平均３０个月。２２例腕痛缓解，腕关节活动改善，背伸达正常的５３．４％，屈曲达４４．２％，握力达正常侧的８０．９％。Ｘ线照片显示带掌背血管蒂骨瓣月骨内植入后月骨密度降低。带蒂豌豆骨转移位置正常，２例术后２年发现豌豆骨萎缩。腕高比值０．４９，ＭｃＭｕｒｔｒｙ指数０．２９．桡舟角平均５６．８。结论：应用带血管蒂豌豆骨移位替代月骨是治疗月骨缺血性坏死Ⅲ期的一种有效方法，月骨缺血性坏死Ⅱ期应采用月骨再血管化手术。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.