品管圈活动在提高脑卒中患者吞咽功能训练正确率中的作用

目的:分析品管圈活动在提高脑卒中患者吞咽功能训练正确率中的作用。方法:选取我院2018年3月-2018年8月期间接收的70例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,将其随机分为观察组与对照组各35例,对照组未实施品管圈活动,观察组实施品管圈活动,对两组患者两组患者的吞咽功能训练指导正确率进行比较。结果:观察组两组患者的吞咽功能训练指导正确率明显优于对照组,数据比较,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对吞咽障碍的脑卒中患者实施品管圈活动训练,能够有效提高护理人员对患者吞咽功能训练指导的正确率,值得临床推广。     

品管圈对脑卒中偏瘫患者吞咽障碍训练的临床应用效果

目的:分析与研究品管圈对卒中偏瘫患者吞咽障碍训练的临床应用效果。方法:根据研究目的开展品管圈活动,本次活动要根据本病区的实际情况来进行相关的调查、设定目标、分析原因、实施对策以及确认效果等步骤,并且选取了2018年3月-2018年6月期间在我院接受治疗的80例2018年3月-2018年6月期间患者作为本次研究的对象,并分为开展前与开展后两个小组,比较开展前后的吞咽功能训练指导的正确率。结果:在实施品管圈活动一段时间后,实施品管圈活动后护理人员对患者吞咽功能训练指导的正确率明显高于品管圈活动实施前,数据存在明显差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:品管圈可以有效提高护理人员对脑卒中偏瘫患者吞咽功能训练指导正确率,促进患者的早日康复。     

品管圈活动对提高脑卒中患者吞咽障碍训练效果的作用

目的:分析品管圈活动对提高脑卒中患者实施吞咽障碍训练效果的作用。方法:选取我院2018年3月～2018年8月期间接收的104例脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,将其随机分为观察组与对照组各52例,对照组患者进行基本的吞咽障碍训练,观察组实施品管圈活动训练,对两组患者吞咽功能训练指导的正确率进行比较。结果:观察组吞咽功能训练指导的正确率优于对照组,数据比较,有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对吞咽障碍的脑卒中患者实施品管圈活动训练,可以使患者的误吸率有效降低,具有显著治疗效果,值得临床推广应用。     

脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者社区康复的疗效评价

目的:探讨脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者进行社区康复的治疗效果,并对其进行分析评价。方法:选择在当地医院进行治疗后转到社康中心进行后期康复治疗的200例脑卒中偏瘫患者,给予其8个月的社区康复治疗和训练,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各100例,在治疗前、治疗4个月后以及治疗8个月后对患者进行日常生活活动能力(ADL)、指数评定和生活质量指数(QL I)进行评分,比较进行社区康复治疗前、后患者功能的恢复情况。结果:进行训练治疗8个月后,患者的ADL评分(93.5分)明显高于对照组(73.6分),而且患者的ADL评分也达到了9.18分,明显高于对照组(7.68分),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:全面有效的社区系统康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者的治疗效果良好,社区康复可有效地提高患者的日常生活活动能力,改善生活自理能力以及平衡功能,可以有效提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的肢体运动功能,从而提高其生活质量。     

脑卒中早期康复介入对患者日常生活活动能力的影响

目的:探讨脑卒中康复的早期介入对患者日常生活活动能力的影响。方法:对240例脑卒中患者分为康复组和对照组,并进行日常生活活动能力(ADL)评价,对其中120例进行康复的早期介入。30天后再次评价。结果:康复组ADL评分显著高于对照组。结论:早期康复的介入有利于卒中患者ADL的提高。     

病房康复延伸护理对脑卒中患者ADL及运动功能的影响研究

目的研究病房康复延伸护理对脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力(ADL)及运动功能的影响。方法123例脑卒中患者,随机分为A组(60例)与B组(63例)。A组开展常规康复护理,B组在A组基础上开展病房康复延伸护理。对比两组护理前后ADL及运动功能。结果护理前,两组患者ADL评分、运动功能评分对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,B组患者ADL评分(89.35±5.08)分、运动功能评分(56.35±5.64)分均明显高于A组的(78.52±4.87)、(47.33±5.15)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论病房康复延伸护理用于脑卒中患者可有效改善患者的ADL与运动功能,促进患者的疾病康复,建议临床积极推广运用。     

超早期康复护理改善脑卒中患者偏瘫肢体功能的效果分析

目的分析超早期康复护理改善脑卒中患者偏瘫肢体功能的效果。方法随机将105例脑卒中患者进行分组,对照组给予常规护理干预,实验组在对照组基础上配合超早期康复护理干预,分析两组干预效果。结果实验组提高ADL评分、提高FMA评分和降低临床神经功能缺损评分幅度明显高于对照组(P0.01);实验组干预后总有效率92.45%明显高于对照组75.00%(P0.05);实验组肩手综合征和足外翻发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论超早期康复护理能够改善脑卒中患者偏瘫肢体功能,促进中枢神经功能重建,在提高日常生活活动能力和生活质量方面具有积极的作用。     

早期康复对脑卒中患者日常生活活动能力的影响

目的探讨早期康复对卒中患者生活活动能力(ADL)的影响。方法分析60例脑卒中患者早期复康治疗情况。结果康复组ADL评分显著高于对照组。结论早期康复治疗有利于卒中患者ADL的提高。     

品管圈活动对慢性精神分裂症患者护理满意度的影响

目的:分析品管圈活动对慢性精神分裂症患者护理满意度的影响。方法:我院2011-01~2013-12收治的慢性精神分裂患者80例,对患者实施品管圈活动,比较实施活动前后患者护理满意度及生活自理能力量表(ADL)评分。结果:实施品管圈活动后患者护理总满意度为97.5%,明显高于实施评品管圈活动前(75.0%);实施品管圈活动后,患者的自理能力合格率为83.75%,明显高于实施品管圈活动前(50.0%),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在慢性精神分裂患者中实施品管圈活动有助于提高患者满意度,提升患者自理能力,临床推广应用价值显著。     

脑卒中患者主动训练程度对康复效果的影响

目的:研究脑卒中患者主动训练程度对康复效果的影响。方法:83例出院的脑卒中患者,伴有不同程度肢体功能障碍、但无明显精神障碍和意识障碍。根据患者的病情和ADL(日常生活能力)评估结果,制订个体化的护理干预计划,定期家访,按干预要求和项目实施干预计划。定期评价患者的生活质量和感觉运动功能。结果:根据患者的主动训练的程度分为主动型、中间型和被动型三型,主动型较被动型脑卒中患者的生活质量和患肢感觉运动功能有明显提高(P<0.01),中间型较被动型、主动型也有提高(P<0.05)。结论:主动训练的程度越高,患者生活质量的提高和患肢感觉运动功能的恢复越好。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.