正交设计优选莴笋茎总黄酮的超声提取工艺

目的优选超声提取莴笋茎总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。方法采用L9(34)正交试验设计,选择影响莴笋茎总黄酮提取效率的乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度、料液比作为考察因素,以芦丁为考察黄酮含量的指标,用紫外分光光度法测定莴笋茎中芦丁含量确定最佳提取条件。结果影响莴笋茎中总黄酮超声提取的因素为:乙醇浓度>料液比>提取温度>提取时间,最佳工艺条件为:以60%乙醇为溶剂,料液比1∶20(g/mL),提取时间40 min,提取温度60℃,此条件下莴笋茎中总黄酮提取率达0.754%。结论优选出的超声提取工艺条件简便、合理、可行性好。     

川桑中桑皮素的提取工艺优化

目的：探讨川桑中桑皮素的最佳提取工艺。方法：以桑皮素含量为指标,利用4 因素3 水平L9（34）正交试验,分析乙醇浓度、提取时间、溶媒倍数、提取次数对桑皮素提取效率的影响。HPLC 法测定桑皮素含量：YMCPack ODS-A 色谱柱（5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm）;流动相为甲醇- 水（80：20）;柱温25 ℃;流速1.0 mL·min-1;检测波长268 nm。结果：最佳提取工艺：提取前提取溶剂浸泡3 h,回流提取3 次,每次提取时间均为0.5 h,提取溶媒倍数均为20 倍。最优提取条件下测得川桑中桑皮素含量为1.510 mg·g-1。结论：乙醇浓度、溶媒倍数、提取次数对桑皮素提取效率均有显著影响,提取时间无显著影响。     

酶法提取枸杞蛋白质的工艺研究

目的:优化纤维素酶解法提取枸杞蛋白质的最佳工艺条件。方法:以枸杞蛋白质含量为指标,采用考马斯亮蓝染色法(Bradford)测定其含量。通过单因素试验对加酶量、提取时间、提取温度、料液比、p H等5个因素进行考察;然后在此基础上设计正交试验L9(34),对试验的提取料液比、提取时间、提取温度和p H等4个因素进行考察;结果:通过正交试验确定酶解法提取蛋白质的最优工艺条件为提取温度50℃、提取时间1.5h、料液比1:25、p H值6.0。在上述优化条件下获得枸杞蛋白质的提取含量为26.58 mg/g。结论:本实验结果为枸杞蛋白质的提取提供了可靠的工艺及合理的参数。     

正交优选白背三七茎总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的采用正交试验法对白背三七茎总黄酮的提取工艺进行优选。方法以紫外分光光度法为检测方法、总黄酮得率为优选指标,采用L9(34)正交试验法考察料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取次数4个影响因素对总黄酮提取的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶8、乙醇浓度60%,回流提取3次,每次1 h。结论该工艺可为白背三七的开发利用提供参考。     

正交试验法优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺

目的:优选川芎总生物碱的提取工艺。方法:采用回流提取,以酸性染料比色法测定的川芎总生物碱含量为指标,考察料液比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间对提取工艺的影响,通过正交试验L9(34)确定最佳提取工艺。结果:影响川芎总生物碱提取率的主次因素为:乙醇浓度料液比提取温度提取时间;川芎总生物碱的最佳提取工艺为:15倍量80%乙醇,100℃提取2.5 h。3次工艺验证试验中川芎总生物碱平均含量为2.745 mg/g(RSD=1.66%,n=3)。结论:本实验首次采用正交试验对川芎总生物碱的提取工艺进行优化,建立的提取工艺简便可行、稳定可靠。     

正交法优选山茱萸抗衰老有效部位的提取工艺

目的以马钱子苷和莫诺苷为指标,优化山茱萸抗衰老有效部位的提取工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交法设计实验,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、回流次数、回流时间等4个因素对指标值的影响。结果最佳提取工艺为:用80%乙醇,12倍量,回流提取2次,每次60 min。结论正交实验法用于优选山茱萸抗衰老有效部位提取工艺简便易行。     

正交试验优选淡豆豉中SOD的最佳水提条件

目的 研究淡豆豉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水提取的最佳工艺条件.方法 用正交试验法对淡豆豉中SOD提取工艺条件进行优选,以SOD提出量为指标,选用L9(34)正交试验表;考察影响SOD提出量的提取时间、提取温度和提取液的pH值3个因素,每个因素取3个水平.结果 影响淡豆豉中SOD提取量的最主要因素是提取液的pH值,其次是提取温度.水提法优化工艺条件为温度35℃,时间5 h,提取液的pH值为5.8.     

酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的工艺研究

目的:考察影响酶提取菠萝皮色素的主要因素,并确定酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的最佳工艺条件。方法:采用单因素实验以色素浸提值为指标,考察了浸提时间、浸提温度、乙醇浓度、料液比对菠萝皮色素提取的影响,通过正交试验得到最佳的提取工艺。结果:酶辅助提取菠萝皮色素的最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度70%,提取温度50℃,提取时间80 min,料液比1∶50。结论:酶辅助提取法具有提取率高、速度快,溶剂用量少、安全、节能、设备简单等优点。本实验为优化菠萝皮色素的提取工艺奠定了基础。     

平喘巴布剂药材的提取工艺研究

目的 优选平喘巴布剂药材的提取工艺.方法 采用L9(34)正交试验法,对药材乙醇提取时间、乙醇用量、乙醇浓度和提取次数等影响因素,以芥子碱硫氰酸盐提取率为考察指标,优选平喘巴布剂药材提取工艺.结果 最佳提取工艺为用6倍量70％的乙醇回流提取2次,每次2h.结论 优选的提取工艺合理,为该复方的透皮吸收特性的研究奠定良好的基础.     

表面活性剂协同提取苦瓜中总黄酮的研究

目的提高苦瓜中总黄酮提取效率,筛选出其最佳提取工艺。方法以苦瓜为原料,选取非离子型表面活性剂用于协同提取苦瓜中的总黄酮,研究表面活性剂用量、提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数等因素对其影响。采用L9(34)正交试验确定苦瓜总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。结果 Tween-20对苦瓜中总黄酮的提取具有较好的协同作用。各因素对黄酮提取率影响大小依次是:表面活性剂用量>提取温度>乙醇体积分数>提取时间。结论最佳提取工艺条件乙醇浓度70%,Tween-20用量0.05g,提取时间4h,提取温度70℃。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.