椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤的个体化治疗

目的 探讨椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤的个体化治疗策略.方法 分别采用微弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉、支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤、单纯支架植入、手术直接夹闭动脉瘤,以及枕动脉-小脑后下动脉血管吻合术辅助微弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉等方法 治疗18例椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤患者.结果 18例患者中5例采用微弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,5例行支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤(3例基本致密栓塞、2例非致密栓塞),4例行单纯支架植入术(术后3例动脉瘤血流动力学改善),3例经远外侧入路手术直接夹闭动脉瘤,1例行枕动脉.小脑后下动脉血管吻合术辅助微弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.其中2例术中动脉瘤破裂出血,1例死亡、1例中残;I例闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉患者,术后出现短暂性吞咽困难和偏侧肢体麻木,其余患者术后平稳.17例获得1个月至3年随访,无一例动脉瘤复发或进展.结论 用于治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤的方法 有多种,选择治疗方案时需考虑动脉瘤是否破裂出血或引起脑梗死,以及动脉瘤形态(如局限性偏侧型)、是否位于优势侧、是否累及小脑后下动脉等因素,根据患者具体情况制定个体化治疗方案.     

编织支架在颅内未破裂椎-基底动脉夹层动脉瘤中的应用

目的 探讨编织支架在未破裂椎-基底动脉夹层动脉瘤中的应用。方法 回顾性分析15例行介入手术的椎-基底动脉夹层动脉瘤病人的临床资料,病变位于基底动脉1例,左侧椎动脉8例,右侧椎动脉6例。根据病人术前检查及术中造影评估,行单纯双支架重叠2例,单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞9例,双支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞4例。结果 本组完全栓塞11例,次全栓塞2例,部分栓塞2例。术后即刻造影未见出血及载瘤动脉闭塞;术后1 d头颅CT无明显出血、脑梗死等异常情况。术后3～6个月,12例复查DSA示夹层动脉瘤处血管重塑良好、血流通畅,均未见复发。电话随访15例,症状完全好转12例,头痛轻度缓解2例,仍有头晕1例。术后3月m RS评分：0分13例,1分1例,3分1例。结论 颅内编织支架（LEO及LVIS支架）在未破裂椎-基底动脉夹层动脉瘤治疗中效果可靠。     

血管内介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤(附88例报告)

目的总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验，着重讨论微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法、技术和手术相关并发症的防治。方法回顾性分析血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤88例病人(90个动脉瘤)的临床资料。采用电解脱铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞28例．可解脱式弹簧圈(DCS)栓塞18例，多点电解脱弹簧圈(EDC)栓塞42例。结果100％闭塞70例．95％～90％闭塞13例．80％闭塞5例。术后发生手术相关并发症9例，包括微弹簧圈移位3例，术中动脉瘤破裂4例，严重脑血管痉挛2例；其中2例死亡。结论血管内栓塞动脉瘤是一种微创、安全、有效治疗动脉瘤的方法。选择正确的技术和方法对改善动脉瘤栓塞治疗效果，减少并发症有重要意义。     

33例椎-基底动脉瘤的临床观察

目的：探讨椎－基底动脉瘤治疗方法与预后关系。材料与方法：报告３３例椎－基底动脉瘤。动脉瘤破裂致ＳＡＨ１８例，动脉瘤直径从５ｍｍ到４５ｍｍ。其中９例行保守治疗。直接手术治疗中，９例夹闭术，２例瘤壁加固术。１３例行血管内栓塞治疗。结果：９例保守治疗中３例因再次出血死亡。１１例直接手术均痊愈。１３例血管内栓塞治疗后１～３个月后复查造影，闭塞率＞８０％者１２例。结论：椎－基底动脉瘤积极手术治疗可降低死亡率，依动脉瘤部位与大小采用不同手术入路至关重要，血管内栓塞治疗适于直接手术难以达到者，疗效肯定。     

血管内治疗椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤(附45例分析)

目的总结椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断和血管内治疗经验。方法采用血管内介入治疗椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤45例,其中支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞31例,单纯支架置入8例,夹层责任动脉单纯弹簧圈闭塞6例。结果44例病人于治疗后1～46个月获造影随访,平均16.3个月。临床症状均不同程度改善,无再出血。26例支架辅助弹簧圈即刻致密栓塞的病人,动脉瘤未再显影;5例即刻大部栓塞者中,瘤体扩大、复发1例。7例单纯支架置入病人中,可见进行性血栓形成3例,无明显变化3例,另1例双BX支架重叠置入者支架狭窄变形,椎动脉闭塞。6例责任动脉闭塞病人,闭塞效果均切实。结论血管内治疗是椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤理想的选择。     

前交通动脉瘤血管内栓塞37例诊治分析

目的 总结前交通动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析37例颅内前交通动脉瘤行微弹簧圈栓塞的治疗经验.结果 动脉瘤腔完全致密栓塞33例,次全栓塞2例,动脉瘤颈部有残留2例.术后死亡1例.18例病人随访6～12个月,复查DSA显示:复发1例,行手术夹闭;余病人未见动脉瘤复发迹象.结论 前交通动脉瘤,根据不同情况,选择针对性血管内栓塞治疗,可获得满意疗效.     

血管内支架技术治疗破裂的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 评价血管内支架技术治疗破裂的椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性及有效性. 方法 回顾性分析第三军医大学西南医院神经外科自2004年7月至2007年1月收治的采用支架技术治疗的9例椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中3例行单纯支架植入术,6例行支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞术. 结果 9例患者均在首次治疗中成功植入支架或行支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞术,椎动脉均保留通畅,无动脉瘤破裂、血栓形成等并发症发生.所有患者获4～39个月临床随访,随访过程中无再出血表现.6例患者获3～18个月造影随访,其中2例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术者随访发现动脉瘤再通或增大,再次行血管内孤立术及椎动脉近端闭塞术;2例行单纯支架植入术者随访造影示动脉瘤闭塞;另1例不全闭塞. 结论 血管内支架技术能保存患侧椎动脉畅通,是一种安全有效的治疗方法,但术后应严密随访,远期疗效仍有待进一步观察.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤治疗111例报告

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤治疗方法和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年7月间于术夹闭和血管内介入治疗的111例114个大脑中动脉动脉瘤.分析术前分级、动脉瘤大小、部位、治疗结果.结果 手术夹闭88例患者90个动脉瘤,术后15 d-48个月(平均12.7个月)造影随访,夹闭动脉瘤89个,瘤颈残留1个,未见复发.血管内介入治疗23例24个动脉瘤.支架辅助栓塞7个,球囊辅助栓塞3个,单纯微弹簧圈栓塞12个,17个动脉瘤术后1- 37个月(平均10.6个月)造影随访,5个(29.4％)复发;单纯支架治疗2个(术破裂夹层动脉瘤),术后3个月造影随访,1个动脉瘤消失,1个无变化.格拉斯哥预后评分(G OS)5 ～4分中夹闭72例(81.8％),介入21例(91.3％).结论 窄颈(浆果样)大脑中动脉动脉瘤,手术夹闭和介入栓塞均不易复发.复杂大脑中动脉动脉瘤手术夹闭不易复发,介入栓塞相对容易复发.大脑中动脉动脉瘤合并血肿(血肿量＞ 30 ml),选择于术夹闭并清除血肿.介入栓塞和手术夹闭大脑中动脉动脉瘤均能有效防止动脉瘤再出血.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂早期治疗策略

回顾分析37例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者临床资料,分析微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术(22例)和动脉瘤夹闭术(15例)治疗效果。术后随访6个月至1年,微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术组患者预后良好率高于动脉瘤夹闭术组、病残率低于动脉瘤夹闭术组。提示微弹簧圈栓塞或血管内支架成形术可早期处理破裂的颅内动脉瘤,与动脉瘤夹闭术相比,具有创伤小、恢复迅速、住院时间短,以及疗效及安全性高之优点,临床效果满意。     

颈内动脉床突旁动脉瘤的治疗策略探讨

目的　评价显微外科手术和血管内介入治疗床突旁动脉瘤的效果和安全性。方法　回顾性分析 30例患者的 34个床突旁动脉瘤 ,其中破裂性动脉瘤 10个 ,未破裂性动脉瘤 2 4个。显微手术夹闭 10个动脉瘤 ,血管内电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞 18个动脉瘤 ,保守观察 5个动脉瘤 ,另 1个为巨大动脉肿瘤 ,患者造影后死亡。参照Al Rod han的标准 ,Ia型 6个 ,Ib型 9个 ,Ⅱ型 8个 ,Ⅲ型 6个 ,Ⅳ型 5个。从治疗后血管造影、临床结局和影像学随访评价疗效。结果　栓塞治疗 18个动脉瘤术后造影完全栓塞 14个 ,次全栓塞 4个。显微手术夹闭 10个动脉瘤 ,术后造影均完全夹闭。出院时GOS临床结局评分 ,恢复良好 2 0例 ,轻度致残 7例 ,严重致残 2例 ,1例巨大动脉瘤患者脑血管造影后突发脑疝死亡。结论　显微外科手术和血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗床突旁动脉瘤可取得较好的临床效果。     

破裂颅内椎动脉动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗在破裂颅内椎动脉夹层及梭形动脉瘤中的应用.方法 回顾性分析21例血管内介入治疗的颅内椎动脉夹层及梭形动脉瘤患者,其中8例采用微弹簧圈或球囊进行载瘤动脉闭塞术,13例应用支架辅助弹簧圈进行栓塞治疗.结果 8例载瘤动脉闭塞的患者,载瘤动脉完全闭塞,小脑后下动脉保持通畅;随访3-12个月,未遗留明显的神经功能障碍.13例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞的患者,术中1例因再出血死亡;余12例中,致密栓塞10例,接近完全栓塞2例.9例患者(包括接近完全闭塞的2例患者)有效造影随访3-11个月,致密栓塞的患者中动脉瘤无复发,载瘤动脉及PICA保持通畅;接近完全闭塞的2例患者中有1例部分复发,给予再次致密栓塞,另1例达稳定状态;另3例电话随访,未发现遗留明显的神经功能障碍.结论 载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗破裂的椎动脉梭形及夹层动脉瘤效果肯定,但有潜在缺血的风险;支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术近期效果较好,但远期疗效有待长期随访的验证.     

破裂大脑中动脉瘤多学科会诊治疗方案疗效评价：单中心261例回顾性分析

目的 比较多学科会诊确定破裂大脑中动脉瘤患者行介入栓塞或手术夹闭动脉瘤的治疗效果。      

前交通动脉瘤切除术中临时血管夹闭对患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨前交通动脉(ACoA)瘤破裂引起的蛛网膜下腔出血病人手术切除动脉瘤临时血管夹闭对大脑额叶功能的影响。方法选择61例ACoA瘤破裂出血后96 h内进行早期手术的病人,所有病人手术前的Hunt-Hess评分1或2分,其中33例在切除动脉瘤时给予临时血管夹闭(A组),28例没有进行血管夹闭(B组);另选30例年龄相匹配的无神经或精神疾病的住院病人作为对照组(C组)。结果 A组病人临时血管夹闭的平均持续时间为(7.9±2.7)(6～15)min,临床或放射学检查无明显卒中,但长期随访发现有持续的认知功能缺损的表现,尤其是血管夹闭持续时间>9 min者。B组病人长期随访未发现额叶功能损害的表现。结论 ACoA瘤破裂出血后,手术切除动脉瘤进行临时血管夹闭对缺血性损害之前发生的认知改变有负性影响,强调外科医生在手术时应注意夹闭时间,以免造成永久性认知功能损害。     

支架辅助栓塞破裂性前交通宽颈动脉瘤

目的 探讨支架辅助栓塞前交通宽颈动脉瘤的术前评估、支架植入策略、治疗效果.方法 回顾分析采用支架结合弹簧圈治疗的21例前交通宽颈动脉瘤及载瘤动脉解剖形态,支架植入技术操作程序,临床和造影结果.结果 21例动脉瘤均成功植入支架,其中Neuroform支架19枚、LEO支架2枚.12例支架远端位于同侧A2段、5例支架远端越过前交通植入对侧A2段、4例位于动脉瘤内.术后即刻致密栓塞18例;大部分栓塞2例;部分栓塞1例.术中动脉瘤破裂1例,经继续栓塞后出血得到控制.平均8.7个月后DSA随访12例,MRA随访4例,显示1例动脉瘤再通.结论 术前应根据动脉瘤及前交通动脉的解剖形态和功能制定支架植入策略.支架辅助栓塞前交通宽颈动脉瘤技术安全可行,动脉瘤致密栓塞率高.支架的长期疗效需进一步随访观察.     

German Society of Neurosurgery Section on Vascular Neurosurgery: Position Statement on the International Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Trial (ISAT)

The outcome after a specific treatment (clipping or coiling) of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is determined by both the periprocedural complication rate and the success of preventing re-bleeding from the treated aneurysm. The latter is associated with a cumulative risk over many years, particularly in incompletely treated aneurysms. Incomplete occlusion of the aneurysm is not infrequently seen after endovascular coiling, even in cases with a perfect anatomical configuration. Therefore, we believe that the 1-year outcome as reported in the ISAT is not an appropriate endpoint for the comparison of both methods. There has also been a tendency to apply the 1-year ISAT data to all patients harbouring intracranial aneurysms. It is inappropriate and dangerous to be less critical when selecting the endovascular approach as the method of choice for treating an aneurysm. This will ultimately result in a higher complication rate of coiling. Another striking finding is the poor surgical outcome in the ISAT. This good-grade patient population (94 % were WFNS grade 1-3 and 89 % were WFNS grade 1-2) had an almost 10 % higher rate of poor outcome compared to other good-grade patients in large prospective surgical studies or the same outcome as trials that included up to 20 % poor-grade patients.[nl]Neurosurgeons should acknowledge that endovascular coiling is a safe method associated with less complications than clipping in experienced hands (Fig. ). Endovascular radiologists should acknowledge that the success of complete obliteration is higher after surgery, that incompletely occluded aneurysms have a higher rate of re-rupture and that the definitive long-term re-rupture rate still remains unknown. Therefore, we await with interest the angiographic and clinical follow-up data that will provide evidence about the final patient outcome.     

Changing paradigm in the management of elderly patients with intracranial aneurysms: An institutional review

Optimal treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) in elderly patients has not yet been well established. We have investigated the clinical and radiological outcomes and predictors of unfavorable outcome of IAs in elderly patients. Radiological and clinical data of 85 elderly patients from 2010 through 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Significant differences between the groups were determined by a chi-square test. Regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of unfavorable outcome. Among the 85 patients with IAs, the number of patients with >7 mm size aneurysm (p = 0.01), diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.02), smoking (0.009) and Hunt and Hess grade 4–5 (p = 0.003) was significantly higher in the ruptured group compared to the unruptured group. Similarly, the number of patients who underwent clipping was higher in the ruptured aneurysm group (p = 0.01). The overall clinical outcome was comparatively better in the unruptured group (p = 0.03); however, microsurgical clipping of aneurysms provides a significantly higher rate of complete aneurysmal occlusion (p = 0.008). Overall, there was no significant difference in outcome in respect to treatment approach. In regression analysis, hypertension (HTN), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), prior stroke, ruptured aneurysms and partial occlusion of aneurysms were identified as predictors of unfavorable outcome of IAs. Intracranial aneurysms in elderly patients reveals that endovascular treatment provides better clinical outcome; however, microsurgical clipping yields higher complete occlusion. Retreatment of residual aneurysms was comparatively more in the coiling group. Practice pattern has shifted from clipping to coiling for aneurysms in posterior circulation but not for aneurysms in anterior circulation.     

Endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping in patients with a ruptured basilar tip aneurysm

OBJECTIVES: To compare endovascular coiling with neurosurgical clipping of ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms. METHODS: Patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural complications, and clinical and anatomical results were compared retrospectively in 44 coiled patients and 44 patients treated by clipping. The odds ratios for poor outcome (Glasgow outcome scale 1, 2, 3) adjusted for age, clinical condition, and aneurysm size were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the endovascular group, five patients (11%) had a poor outcome v 13 (30%) in the surgical group; the adjusted odds ratio for poor outcome after coiling v clipping was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.99). Procedural complications were more common in the surgical group. Optimal or suboptimal occlusion of the aneurysm immediately after coiling was achieved in 41 patients (93%). Clipping was successful in 40 patients (91%). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that embolisation with coils is the preferred treatment for patients with ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms.     

血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年4月行Pipeline Flex血流导向装置治疗的53例（68个动脉瘤）的颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 53例68个动脉瘤,共置入60枚PED,技术成功率为100%。40例54个动脉瘤单纯应用PED治疗,术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤内造影剂明显滞留48个,无明显滞留6个;13例（14个动脉瘤）联合应用PED和弹簧圈栓塞,术后即刻造影均致密栓塞。围手术期总并发症发生率为7.5%（4/53）。53例临床随访6~28个月（中位数12个月）;末次随访时,47例未破裂动脉瘤预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）;6例破裂动脉瘤中,预后良好2例,mRS评分3分1例,4分1例,死亡2例。46例DSA随访4~8个月（中位数6个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为67.9%。22例（28个动脉瘤）DSA随访9~18个月（中位数12个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为85.7%,无动脉瘤复发。结论 血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤总体安全、有效,但对颅内破裂动脉瘤的安全性仍需进一步研究。     

血流导向装置一期治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置一期治疗颅内多发动脉瘤的安全性及疗效。方法 回顾性分析连续纳入的2019年1月-2021年4月在郑州大学附属郑州中心医院行Pipeline flex血流导向装置(Pipeline flex embolization device,PED)治疗的有2个及2个以上动脉瘤患者的临床资料,记录其围手术期并发症,评估动脉瘤闭塞情况及临床预后; 动脉瘤闭塞情况采用O'Kelly-Marotta(OKM)分级评估,临床预后采用改良Rankin量表(Modified Rankin scale,mRS)评价。结果 14例患者共32个动脉瘤,均一期行PED治疗; 1例破裂串联动脉瘤患者联合弹簧圈栓塞,术中出现支架内血栓形成,给予替罗非班注射液动脉灌注后恢复血流,术后出现载瘤动脉供血区梗死,术后2周动脉瘤再次破裂出血死亡; 13例未破裂动脉瘤患者均采用单纯PED治疗,围手术期均未出现明显并发症; 随访术后脑血管造影(Digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查12例患者共27个动脉瘤,中位随访10个月(6～20个月),动脉瘤完全闭塞率74.1%(20/27),支架内无症状性再狭窄1例; 临床随访13例患者,中位随访12个月(6～30个月),均预后良好(mRS 0～2分)。结论 血流导向装置一期治疗未破裂多发性动脉瘤是安全、有效的,但仍需进一步大样本研究。