条件培养基对日本血吸虫童虫培养细胞LDH及AgNORs的影响

目的以乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)为评价指标,观察条件培养基对日本血吸虫童虫培养细胞的影响。方法灌注法获取21d虫龄的日本血吸虫虫体,冷消化法制备细胞悬液,调细胞为1×106个/ml,联合法接种细胞。将接种于小盖玻片上的血吸虫细胞随机分为对照(0h)组和24、48、72h3个实验组共4组。对照组用常规培养基即RPMI-1640含20%小牛血清附加常量抗生素(青霉素1×105U/L,链霉素100mg/L)培养,实验组培养基为常规培养基分别与培养24、48、72h的鼻咽癌细胞上清液的条件培养基1∶1的混合液。培养第7天,对培养细胞进行LDH及AgNORs染色;每组随机选取300个LDH染色细胞、50个AgNORs染色细胞输入HPIAS-2000图像分析仪测定培养细胞的吸光度(A)值,并作统计分析。结果日本血吸虫童虫细胞在不同条件培养基作用下,其LDH及AgNORs着色均比对照组深,其中72h组细胞着色最深,其次是48h组,再是24h组,对照组细胞着色最浅,条件培养基培养的各组细胞,LDH含量及AgNORsA值显著大于对照组细胞(q24=8.5287,q48=15.4253,q72=27.6207,P均0.01;q24=13.5690,q48=18.7288,q72=27.0356,P均0.01)。72h的条件培养基作用日本血吸虫童虫细胞后,培养细胞的LDH含量及AgNORsA值明显较对照组高(q0/72=27.6207,P0.01;q0/72=27.0356,P0.01),亦高于其他组(q24/72=19.0919,q48/72=11.8426,P均0.01;q24/72=13.5690,q48/72=18.7288,P均0.01)。结论条件培养基可明显增强日本血吸虫童虫培养细胞LDH的活性及增加AgNORs的含量,且72h的条件培养基对童虫培养细胞的影响最大。     

肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞生长的影响

目的研究肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞形态、增殖的影响.方法联合法将虫龄为21 d的日本血吸虫童虫细胞接种于预先铺敷有肝基质(实验组)和未铺敷肝基质(对照组)的小盖玻片上,培养于常规培养基中,用高碘酸雪夫(PAS)法染色培养细胞,Olympus-BH2显微镜下观察并拍照;并将接种第3天的实验组和对照组培养细胞用胶银法进行核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)染色,HPIAS 2000图像分析仪测定AgNORs平均光密度值进行图像分析.结果实验组中的培养细胞其细胞质突起和分裂细胞增多,AgNORs的平均光密度值显著高于对照组细胞(P＜0.01).实验组的细胞分裂方式除常见的一分为二方式外,还观察到一分为三的多极分裂方式;而对照组未观察到分裂细胞.结论肝基质可明显影响日本血吸虫培养细胞的形态,显著促进培养细胞的增殖.     

日本血吸虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白的研究

目的 通过研究日本血吸虫成虫与童虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)含量及β-巯基乙醇对培养细胞AgNORs的影响,探讨AgNORs能否作为评价日本血吸虫培养细胞增殖的指标以及β-巯基乙醇对培养细胞的促增殖作用。方法 联合法培养虫龄分别为18d和24d的日本血吸虫童虫与成虫,将童虫细胞随机分成对照组和实验组,对照组细胞与成虫细胞使用常规培养基培养,实验组在常规培养基中加入50μmoL/L β-巯基乙醇和1mmoL/L丙酮酸钠。培养第5d,运用胶银法染色,使用HPIAS-2000图像分析系统,计算培养细胞核内AgNORs颗粒数,测定银染颗粒面积与核面积的百分比和平均光密度。结果 日本童虫培养细胞(对照组)的AgNORs颗粒数目、颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度均高于成虫培养细胞。统计学分析显示,两者之间的AgNORs颗粒数日,银染颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度两两比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05);实验组培养细胞与对照组比较,AgNORs颗粒数目明显增多颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度均显著升高。统计学分析可知,两组细胞三组参数之间均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 AgNORs可作为评价日本血吸虫培养细胞增殖的一个简便、敏感的指标。日本血吸虫童虫培养细胞较成虫培养细胞更具增殖潜能;β-琉基乙     

亚精胺对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞SDH的影响

目的以琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)为指标,探讨亚精胺(Spermidine ,Spd)对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞生长代谢的影响。方法将24 d龄的日本血吸虫成虫用冷消化法制成细胞悬液,联合法将细胞接种于小盖玻片上培养。培养至第4 d ,一部分细胞用含Spd终浓度分别为0(对照)、25、50、75、80、90、100、150、200μmol/L的无血清培养基处理24 h,另一部分细胞用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd分别处理0(对照)、12、24、36、48、60、72 h。然后用PBS清洗3次,再换用常规培养基继续培养。至第8 d ,对处理过的培养细胞进行SDH细胞化学染色,Olympus-BH2显微镜下观察、拍照,并将结果输入HPIAS-2000图像分析仪进行图像分析。结果用Spd作用24 h,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随Spd浓度的升高逐渐增强,75μmol/L时达到最高,>75μmol/L,SDH活性逐渐减弱。当Spd作用浓度为75μmol/L时,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随着Spd作用时间的延长逐渐增强,48 h时达到最高,然后逐渐减弱。统计学分析显示,Spd处理后的实验组培养细胞,其SDH活性与对照组细胞比较差异具有显著性(P<0 .05) ;用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd处理培养细胞48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性显著强于其余各组(P<0 .01)。结论Spd可显著增强日本血吸虫培养细胞的生长代谢活性;用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd处理48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性最强。     

MNNG诱导对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白的影响

目的观察甲基硝基亚硝基胍（MNNG）诱导后日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白（Ag—NORs）含量的动态变化,探讨MNNG诱导后培养细胞的增殖能力。方法将日本血吸虫成虫细胞接种于小盖玻片上,置于含20％小牛血清附加常量抗生素的RPMI-1640常规培养基中培养;培养第4天,细胞随机分为实验组和对照组两组,实验组细胞以含3g／ml MNNG的常规培养基处理48h,对照组细胞则用不含MNNG的常规培养基作相同处理。细胞经彻底清洗后继续以常规培养基培养3周,然后换用含5％小牛血清的低血清培养基培养。MNNG处理后第1—9周,每周取实验组和对照组细胞采用略作修改的胶银法进行Ag—NORs染色,光镜下观察与拍照,HPIAS-2000图像分析仪测定代表培养细胞内Ag—NORs含量的吸光度（A）值,并进行统计学分析。结果培养过程中,对照组细胞着色逐渐变浅,MNNG组细胞除在第2周时着色变浅外,其余均逐渐加深,尤其在第6周（MNNG诱导后第5周）,细胞核呈深棕色,可见粗大的银染颗粒,核仁呈黑色,并观察到分裂细胞。第7—9周,两组细胞着色均逐渐变浅。定量分析发现,对照组细胞在培养初期Ag—NORs含量最高,随后逐渐降低;MNNG组的Ag—NORs含量在培养第2周时稍有降低,随后逐渐升高;在培养第6周即MNNG诱导后第5周时达到高峰,然后又逐渐下降。结论MNNG诱导可显著增强培养细胞的rDNA转录活性,提高细胞的分裂增殖能力,在MNNG诱导后第5周细胞增殖能力最强。     

亚精胺对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞SDH的影响

目的以琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）为指标,探讨亚精胺（Spermidine,Spd）对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞生长代谢的影响. 方法将24 d龄的日本血吸虫成虫用冷消化法制成细胞悬液,联合法将细胞接种于小盖玻片上培养.培养至第4 d,一部分细胞用含Spd终浓度分别为0（对照）、25、50、75、80、90、100、150、200 μmol/L的无血清培养基处理24 h,另一部分细胞用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd分别处理0（对照）、12、24、36、48、60、72 h.然后用PBS清洗3次,再换用常规培养基继续培养.至第8 d,对处理过的培养细胞进行SDH细胞化学染色,Olympus-BH2显微镜下观察、拍照,并将结果输入HPIAS-2000图像分析仪进行图像分析. 结果用Spd作用24 h,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随Spd浓度的升高逐渐增强,75 μmol/L时达到最高,〉75 μmol/L,SDH活性逐渐减弱.当Spd作用浓度为75 μmol/L时,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随着Spd作用时间的延长逐渐增强,48 h时达到最高,然后逐渐减弱.统计学分析显示,Spd处理后的实验组培养细胞,其SDH活性与对照组细胞比较差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）;用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd处理培养细胞48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性显著强于其余各组（P〈0.01）. 结论 Spd可显著增强日本血吸虫培养细胞的生长代谢活性;用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd处理48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性最强.     

甲基硝基亚硝基胍对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞磷酸酶影响的研究

目的 研究甲基硝基亚硝基胍（MNNG）对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性的影响。方法 将虫龄26d的日本血吸虫成虫细胞接种于小盖玻片上，在RPMI－1640含20％小牛血清附加常量抗生素的常规培养基中培养第7天时，随机分为实验组和对照组，实验组用含浓度为3μg/mlMNNG的常规培养基处理48h，对照组用不含MNNG的常规培养基处理同样时间，随后换用常规培养基培养3周，当再换用含5％小牛血清的培养基培养1周时，分别用Gomori钙钴法和Gomori硫化铅法对两组培养细胞进行AKP和ACP细胞化学染色，用实验组培养细胞的AKP、ACP活性明显高于对照组培养细胞的活性（P＜0．01）。结论 MNNG能增强日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞AKP、APC的活力，对培养细胞有促生长或／或诱导其转化的作用。     

β-巯基乙醇与肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞的影响

目的研究β鄄巯基乙醇与肝基质对日本血吸虫培养细胞的影响。方法将18d虫龄的日本血吸虫童虫细胞联合法接种于小盖玻片上。实验被随机分为4个组,分别为对照组、β鄄巯基乙醇组、肝基质组、β鄄巯基乙醇 肝基质联合处理组。培养第7天,对各组细胞进行核仁组织区相关嗜银蛋白(AgNORs)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)细胞化学染色,并结合图像分析比较4个组培养细胞的AgNORs水平及LDH活性。结果与对照组比较,肝基质组、β鄄巯基乙醇组、β鄄巯基乙醇 肝基质联合处理组培养细胞的AgNORs颗粒数目、颗粒面积与核面积百分比、平均光密度以及LDH的平均光密度等4个参数均有不同程度升高(P<0.01)。其中,以β鄄巯基乙醇组培养细胞的4个参数升高最显著,β鄄巯基乙醇 肝基质联合处理组次之,肝基质组升高幅度最小。统计学分析显示,除β鄄巯基乙醇 肝基质联合处理组与β鄄巯基乙醇组之间的AgNORs及LDH平均光密度两两比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05),其余组间3个参数两两比较差异均有显著意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论β鄄巯基乙醇与肝基质均能促进日本血吸虫培养细胞的增殖、代谢,但β鄄巯基乙醇的作用比肝基质显著;二者联合使用对培养细胞的增殖无协同作用。     

日本血吸虫培养细胞内糖类物质的动态变化及肝基质对其的影响

目的研究日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞内糖类物质的动态变化以及肝基质培养对其的影响。方法将虫龄为32d的日本血吸虫成虫细胞随机分为2组,实验1组(普通组)细胞接种于普通小盖玻片上,实验2组(肝基质组)细胞接种于预先铺敷有肝基质的盖玻片上,细胞培养基为RPMI-1640(含20%小牛血清附加常量抗生素)。每周取各组细胞进行高碘酸雪夫(PAS)染色和淀粉酶处理后的PAS染色,观察培养细胞内糖类物质的水平及分布变化。在培养第1周和第5周分别取2组染色细胞,用HPIAS-2000图像分析仪测定细胞内代表糖水平的A值,并做统计学分析。结果随着培养时间的延长,实验1组的4种类型细胞的糖水平逐渐减少,细胞内不含糖原;而实验2组细胞的糖原和糖类物质逐渐增加。培养第1周,2组细胞几乎均不含糖原,但实验1组细胞的糖水平高于实验2组,差异有统计学意义(u=7.10,P<0.01)。培养第5周,实验1组细胞糖原仍甚少,而实验2组细胞的糖原水平明显增加(u=9.32,P<0.01);并且实验2组细胞的糖水平显著高于实验1组细胞(u=16.89,P<0.01)。培养过程中,实验1组未见分裂细胞,但实验2组可观察到分裂细胞。结论日本血吸虫培养细胞内糖类物质随培养时间的延长逐渐减少;肝基质能增强培养细胞合成糖物质和生长增殖能力。     

MNNG诱导日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞的扫描电镜观察

目的　观察甲基硝基亚硝基胍 (MNNG)对不同培养时间日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞作用的变化 ,确定培养细胞发生转化进而增殖的最佳诱导时间。　方法　将 2 3～ 2 8d虫龄的日本血吸虫成虫制成细胞悬液 ,接种于小盖玻片上 ,培养于含 2 0 %小牛血清及常量抗生素的RPMI 164 0常规培养基中。将接种培养第 4、5、6、7、8d的细胞分别设为 5个实验组及其相应的对照组。实验组用含终浓度为 3 μg/mlMNNG的常规培养基处理 48h ,对照组用不含MNNG的常规培养基处理相同时间 ,嗣后换用常规培养基培养 4周 ,再改用含 5 %小牛血清的培养基继续培养。MNNG诱导后每周取各组培养细胞固定、制样 ,每组随机取 3张小盖玻片进行电镜扫描观察 ,连续取样 11周。　结果　经MNNG诱导的日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞表面出现形态各异的结构 ,既有与对照组类似的表面较光滑和有乳突的培养细胞 ,也有表面光滑如玻璃珠状的细胞 ,还有具长纤突、微嵴、皱褶、微绒毛、蜂窝和仙人球状等形态的细胞 ;实验 1组培养至第 5周即出现大量分裂细胞。　结论　MNNG诱导培养第 4d的日本血吸虫成虫细胞培养至第 5周可发生转化而出现分裂、增殖。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.