急性而短暂的精神病性障碍患者的探究性眼球轨迹运动

目的:研究急性而短暂的精神病性障碍(ATPD)患者探究性眼球轨迹运动及其对疾病转归的临床意义。方法:对符合国际疾病和相关健康问题统计分类第十版(ICD-10)诊断标准的来自病房或门诊的34例ATPD患者、33例精神分裂症患者及29例正常对照进行探究性眼球轨迹运动检查并分析眼动参数。三组受试年龄、性别和受教育程度均匹配。用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者的精神症状。ATPD患者在入组时及入组1个月后各行1次眼动检查,另外两组均行1次眼动检查。对ATPD患者进行随访以了解诊断变化。结果:ATPD患者眼动参数反应性探究分、认知性探究分均低于正常对照(P<0.05),判别分析(discriminant analysis,D分)值高于正常对照。经至少1个月随访,18例ATPD患者改诊为精神分裂症,其中首次D分值为正分占72.22%;这18例患者首次D分值高于正常对照和16例改诊为其他精神障碍者(P<0.05),而与精神分裂症患者差异无统计学意义。结论:急性而短暂的精神病性障碍患者探究性眼球轨迹运动存在异常;判别分析值正分可能为急性而短暂的精神病性障碍转归为精神分裂症提供一种有价值的预测指标。     

伴与不伴精神病性症状的重度抑郁障碍患者人口学和临床特征比较

本文采用ICD-10诊断标准,比较伴精神病性症状的重度抑郁障碍(psychotic major depression,PMD)与不伴精神病性症状的重度抑郁障碍(non-psychotic major depression,NMD)患者在人口学资料与临床特点上的异同.     

抑郁障碍住院老年患者的躯体症状及治疗后转归的1年随访

目的:探讨抑郁障碍老年患者的急性期躯体症状特征及治疗后转归,分析相关因素,为临床实践中提高对老年患者躯体症状的鉴别和处理提供依据。方法:纳入符合疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)中"抑郁发作、单次或复发性抑郁障碍"诊断标准的住院老年患者(≥60岁)69例,62例完成12个月随访。分别在基线、治疗2周末、治疗4周末及12个月末随访时用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估病情,躯体化症状自评量表的躯体化因子(SSS-S)评估躯体症状的严重程度;12个月末随访时增加了简明精神状态检查表(MMSE)评估认知功能和功能大体评定量表(GAF)评估社会功能。结果:本组患者抑郁发作期躯体症状发生率100%,胃肠道症状(91%)、头晕头痛(65%)、心血管症状(58%)等最常见;SSS-S评分在治疗2周末和4周末与基线相比均有明显下降[(13.6±3.2),(12.4±2.8)vs.(17.1±4.8),P0.05]。分层线性模型分析显示SSSS评分改善与HAM A评分改善以及躯体病影响生活程度正向相关;康复期躯体症状残留与焦虑程度正向关联(OR=2.13,P0.05),与抑郁程度、认知功能和社会功能水平无关联。结论:抑郁障碍住院老年患者在急性期存在丰富的躯体症状,有效抗抑郁治疗后躯体症状随着抑郁病情改善而减轻,康复期仍有躯体症状残留。躯体病影响生活的程度和焦虑症状是躯体症状的影响因素。     

住院患者急性肾损伤的风险预测与关键影响因素分析

急性肾损伤(AKI) 是住院患者常见的危重症之一,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。建立预测模型,对AKI进行预测,并分析影响其发生的危险因素,以便对具有AKI潜在风险患者进行及时干预。选择住院2～14 d的90 780位受试者(其中,AKI患者7 983名,non-AKI患者82 797名,按4∶1划分训练集和独立测试集),收集其住院期间的生化指标、药物的使用情况、基本信息,以及入院科室、合并症情况、住院时间等其他临床信息,分别应用逻辑回归、随机森林、LightGBM等3种机器学习模型,经十折交叉验证法进行训练后,对独立测试集在24 h后是否发生AKI进行预测;并根据受试者特性工作曲线下的面积(AUC)以及召回率和准确率的调和F1值,评估与比较不同模型的性能。结果表明,LightGBM模型最优,其F1、AUC、敏感性与特异性分别为0.800、0.871、0.755和0.987。影响AKI发生的重要因素有:一是一般临床特征,包括年龄、已住院天数、入院科室;二是检验结果,包括首检肌酐值、血液中的钠、钾、氯、尿酸及糖化血红蛋白的含量;三是药物,包括抗感染类药物、非甾体类抗炎症药物、利尿药或脱水药、肾上腺素受体激动剂、造影剂、ACEI/ARB类降压药,以及用药种类,药物治疗天数;四是合并症,如中重度肾病。利用住院患者的临床信息,机器学习模型可以在24 h内有效地预测AKI的发生风险,揭示影响AKI发生的重要因素,对住院患者的合理有效治疗、AKI风险人群的及时干预提供重要依据。     

伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素

目的:分析伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素.方法:对2010年9月1日-2011年2月28日“中国双相障碍患者诊断评估服务”研究项目的数据进行二次分析,1068例抑郁症患者中伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者112人(10.5％).采用简明国际神经精神访谈(M.I.N.I)中抑郁发作模块、自杀模块和精神病性疾患模块,分析伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素.结果:伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者较不伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者的自杀未遂风险高(OR =2.22),多因素logistic回归分析显示被控制体验(OR =3.54)、幻听(OR =3.84)和无价值感/罪恶感(OR =4.78)的患者更易有自杀未遂风险.结论:本研究提示伴精神病性特征抑郁症患者的自杀未遂风险高,存在被控制体验、幻听和无价值感/罪恶感症状的患者发生自杀行为的危险性可能更高.     

康复期精神病患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响因素及其干预

目的：探讨康复期精神病患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响因素及干预评价。方法：采用（ＳＡＳ、ＳＤＳ）对１１０例康复期精神病患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪进行评估,使用多元逐步回归分析筛选其影响因素,并实施相应的干预措施。结果：影响因素为：担心出院后影响工作、住院次数、病程、单位经济效益。进行干预前后焦虑症状的发生率为３５．５％和８．２％,抑郁症状发生率为４６．４％和１６．４％。结论：有效的干预可缓解康复期精神病患者的     

影响严重急性呼吸综合征患者临床预后的早期预测因素研究

目的 探寻影响严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者临床预后的早期预测因素。方法 选取20例SARS死亡患者及40例治愈出院患者作为研究对象，收集发病早期临床资料及转归情况，应用多元Logistic回归及Cox比例风险模型分析早期预测因素。结果 单因素分析显示：临床恶化患者与预后良好患者之间在年龄、合并慢性疾病、心肌酶、血氧指标、淋巴细胞计数5方面差异有显著意义；多因素Logistic回归表明：高龄(P=0．009)及较低淋巴细胞计数(P=0．004)与临床恶化密切相关；Cox比例风险分析表明：在40例痊愈患者中淋巴细胞计数较低者(P=0．003)住院时间较长。结论 高龄、淋巴细胞计数下降与临床恶化关系密切，可用于预测SARS患者的临床预后。     

急性高血糖脑卒中后抑郁患者的特点和临床转归

目的:分析急性高血糖脑卒中抑郁患者的特点,并探究其临床转归情况。方法:从我院接收的急性高血糖脑卒中患者中抽选出92例作为本次研究的分析对象,其中,46例为急性高血糖脑卒中抑郁患者(观察组),其余46例为普通高血糖脑卒中患者(对照组)。患者入院后,分别观察其临床症状的差异情况,并采用日常生活能力评定(ADL)与简明智能量表(MMSE)分别评价两组患者的日常生活能力与认知功能情况。给予两组患者相同的急性高血糖脑卒中治疗方案,且比较两组患者治疗前后的脑卒中神经功能缺损以及相应的临床转归情况。结果:与对照组相比,观察组存在明显的情绪低落、焦虑、食欲减退、失眠或睡眠倒错等临床症状,其ADL评分明显高于对照组(t=3.27,P0.05);MMSE评分明显高于对照组(t=5.38,P0.05)。观察组患者的神经功能缺损评分下降幅度较小,且痊愈率、缠绵率明显高于对照组的对应值;其死亡率、后遗率明显低于对照组(χ~2=15.525;P0.05)。结论:与急性高血糖脑卒中相比,急性高血糖脑卒中抑郁患者的疾病情况更加严重,治疗治疗过程中,其经功能缺损情况恢复速率较为缓慢,且临床转归情况不甚理想。     

呼吸道合胞病毒感染致老年支气管哮喘急性发作因素分析及治疗转归研究

目的:探究呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus,RSV）感染致老年支气管哮喘急性发作的因素及治疗转归。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2019年12月于本院就诊的873例老年支气管哮喘患者作为研究对象,所有患者均进行呼吸道病原体检测,根据患者是否感染RSV分为感染组和未感染组,并分析两...     

影响女性精神分裂症患者再入院的多因素临床研究

目的：探究影响女性精神分裂症患者再入院的相关因素。方法选取2012年4月~2013年4月到我院复诊60例女性精神病患者作为研究对象,通过调查问卷形式了解患者的相关情况,问卷内容包括年龄、病程、复发时间、发病次数等,对患者的病情及相关因素进行分析。结果女性精神病患者复发受多重因素影响,其中服药时间、药物种类、家庭经济状况及社会心理因素等是导致患者病情复发的主要因素,同时女性精神分裂症复发与药物不良反应、自行停药具有显著相关性。结论帮助女性精神分裂症患者建立治疗信心,给予良好的家庭和社会支持,减少各类社会心理因素的刺激,有助于促进患者病情恢复,减少或延缓疾病的复发。     

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in psychiatric inpatients with primary psychotic and mood disorders

Patients with severe mental illness have elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes compared with the general population, but little is known about the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome that predisposes patients with severe mental illness to both medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by surveying hospital records of psychiatric inpatients with severe mood and psychotic disorders. The study group was 102 consecutively admitted adult patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of a mood or psychotic disorder. Criteria for comorbid metabolic syndrome required at least three of the five factors defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 38.6% in this cohort, and it was associated with increasing age, body mass index, and Caucasian ethnicity. The metabolic syndrome was common in this cohort of psychiatric inpatients, and the high rate of the metabolic syndrome likely represents an intermediate step in the future development of CVD and diabetes, which may provide a point of early intervention to prevent the occurrence of these two medical illnesses in chronically mentally ill patients.     

The concordance of ICD-10 acute and transient psychosis and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder

BACKGROUND: ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD; F23) and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder (BPD; 298.8) are related diagnostic concepts, but little is known regarding the concordance of the two definitions. METHOD: During a 5-year period all in-patients with ATPD were identified; DSM-IV diagnoses were also determined. We systematically evaluated demographic and clinical features and carried out follow-up investigations at an average of 22 years after the index episode using standardized instruments. RESULTS: Forty-two (4.1%) of 1036 patients treated for psychotic disorders or major affective episode fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria of ATPD. Of these, 61.9% also fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria of brief psychotic disorder; 31.0%, of schizophreniform disorder; 2.4%, of delusional disorder; and 4.8%. of psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. BPD showed significant concordance with the polymorphic subtype of ATPD, and DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder showed significant concordance with the schizophreniform subtype of ATPD. BPD patients had a significantly shorter duration of episode and more acute onset compared with those ATPD patients who did not meet the criteria of BPD (non-BPD). However, the BPD group and the non-BPD group of ATPD were remarkably similar in terms of sociodemography (especially female preponderance), course and outcome, which was rather favourable for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV BPD is a psychotic disorder with broad concordance with ATPD as defined by ICD-10. However, the DSM-IV time criteria for BPD may be too narrow. The group of acute psychotic disorders with good prognosis extends beyond the borders of BPD and includes a subgroup of DSM-IV schizophreniform disorder.     

Stress inoculation therapy with anxiety and stress disorders of acute psychiatric inpatients

Twenty-six consecutive inpatient psychiatric admissions with severe stress and anxiety disorders were assigned to three treatment groups: stress inoculation therapy; a combination of stress inoculation and medication therapy; and medication therapy. The dependent measures indicate that stress inoculation therapy was superior to chemotherapy from pre- to post-testing and from baseline to posttesting in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and overall subjective distress. In a 3-year follow-up, subjects in the stress inoculation therapy group tended to require fewer readmissions for psychiatric problems than the other treatment groups. It is proposed that stress inoculation therapy is effective in reducing symptoms of severe anxiety and stress reactions of acute psychiatric inpatients and that medication sometimes may have an inhibitive effect upon possible gains through psychotherapy.     

Familial hypercholesterolemia related admission for acute coronary syndrome in the United States: Incidence,predictors, and outcomes

BackgroundIndividuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of admissions for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in this high-risk group.MethodsUtilizing the National Readmission Databases, we identified individuals with or without FH admitted to participating hospitals for ACS. The primary outcome was admission for recurrent ACS at 11 month follow-up.ResultsThere were a total of 1,697,513 ACS admissions from 10/2016 to 12/2017 (non-FH=1,696,979 and FH=534). Individuals with FH admitted for ACS were younger (median age 57 vs 69 y), had fewer comorbidities (hypertension 74.7% vs 79.6%; diabetes mellitus 30.5% vs 39.0%;p<0.01), were more likely to present with ST-elevation-myocardial infarction (32.8% vs 22.6%;p<0.01) and more likely to undergo multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (11.4% vs 7.6%;p<0.01) than patients without FH. After propensity-score matching, FH patients more commonly experienced in-hospital VT arrest (11.8% vs 8.0%;p<0.01) and required more mechanical circulatory support (8.6% vs 3.3%; p<0.01). The 30-day readmission in those with FH was more frequently for cardiovascular disease (81.5% vs 46.5%; =p<0.01). At 11-month follow-up, FH patients were more likely to be readmitted with recurrent ACS compared to those without FH (hazard ratio=2.34; 95% confidence interval=1.30-4.23; p<0.01).ConclusionsIndividuals with FH admitted for ACS are younger, have fewer comorbidities, and more frequently present with STEMIs compared to those without FH. FH patients were more likely to suffer in-hospital cardiac complications and have a higher incidence of recurrent ACS.     

Remission and relapse after the first hospital admission in psychotic depression: a 4-year naturalistic follow-up

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the course of illness among severely depressed patients ascertained at first hospitalization. Using data from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project (SCMHP), we investigated the times to and predictors of the first full remission and the first relapse during a 4-year period in a first-admission cohort with major depressive disorder (MDD) with psychotic features. METHOD: The cohort included 87 county-wide, first-admission patients with a longitudinal consensus diagnosis of MDD with psychotic features who were systematically followed over a 4-year period. We examined the associations of background, clinical and treatment factors, and time-varying indices of antidepressant (AD) and antipsychotic (AP) medication use to time to remission and relapse using Cox regression. RESULTS: By the 4-year follow-up, 60 respondents (69.0%) had achieved a period of full remission (median time of 22 weeks among remitters and 54 weeks in the full sample). In the multivariable analysis, longer time to remission was associated with longer latency between initial episode and hospitalization, lower pre-hospital Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, and lack of insurance, but not use of medication. Twenty-six remitters (43.3%) relapsed (median time of 50 weeks among those who relapsed and 192 weeks among all remitters). None of the risk factors or time-varying medication variables was significantly associated with time to relapse. CONCLUSION: Only two-thirds of the sample had at least one full remission by 4 years, and almost half of them subsequently relapsed. Poorer pre-hospital resources predicted remission but not relapse. Medication use over the follow-up was not associated with remission or relapse.