早期综合干预治疗先天性肌性斜颈的疗效分析

目的探讨早期综合干预对婴儿期先天性肌性斜颈的治疗效果。方法将76例9月以内的先天性肌性斜颈患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用综合干预方法,包括手法按摩、超声波照射、局部多磺酸黏多糖乳膏外用,对照组仅用颈部手法按摩治疗。所有病例均随访追踪治疗效果,6个治疗周期后评定疗效。结果治疗组40例中痊愈25例,好转12例,无效3例,总有效率93%;对照组36例中痊愈15例,好转13例,无效8例,总有效率77%。两组比较差异有统计意义(P0.05)。结论早期综合干预方法是治疗婴儿期先天性肌性斜颈的有效方法,其疗效优于单一推拿手法治疗。     

婴幼儿先天性肌性斜颈的早期综合治疗效果观察

目的探讨早期综合康复对婴幼儿先天性肌性斜颈的治疗效果。方法将86例先天性肌性斜颈患儿分为治疗组44例和对照组42例,治疗组采用综合康复方法：包括推拿、痉挛肌治疗、颈部体操及姿势矫正疗法,对照组仅用颈部按揉治疗,所有病例均随访追踪治疗效果,治疗6个月后评定疗效。结果治疗组44例中痊愈30例,好转8例,无效6例,对照组42例中痊愈12例,好转19例,无效11例,两组比较差异有显著性（p〈0．05）。结论早期综合治疗婴幼儿先天性肌性斜颈是目前较好的非手术治疗方法。     

不同年龄段先天性肌性斜颈早期治疗疗效分析

目的:观察不同年龄段先天性肌性斜颈患儿早期综合康复治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年5月-2021年4月先天性肌性斜颈患儿59例患者的临床资料,随机分成三组:≤3个月组30例,>3个月~≤6个月组19例,>6个月~≤12个月组10例,三组患儿均早期接受综合康复治疗,评估治愈率以及平均治愈时间。结果:三组患儿治愈率以及平均治愈时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:先天性斜颈畸形患儿在3个月以内就开始接受综合康复治疗,效果显著,治愈时间短。     

推拿配合斜颈矫正托佩戴治疗先天性肌性斜颈200例

目的:探讨推拿配合斜颈矫正托佩戴治疗先天性肌性斜颈的疗效.方法:将300例先天性肌性斜颈患儿随机分成治疗组200例和对照组100例,其中治疗组采用推拿治疗配合斜颈矫正托佩戴,对照组只进行推拿治疗,分别观察治疗结束后的疗效和2年后随访的远期疗效.结果:治疗结束后疗效及远期疗效比较,治疗组痊愈率和显效率均高于对照组(P<0.01).结论:推拿配合斜颈矫正托佩戴治疗先天性肌性斜颈的疗效优于单纯推拿治疗.     

学龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈矫形美容手术的初步报告

目的 探讨学龄儿童先天性肌性斜颈的手术治疗及术后康复措施,以提高患者的生活质量.方法 自2005年以来,采用胸锁乳突切断延长及颈阔肌"Z"字缝合术纠正斜颈并恢复颈部"V"形外观.手术治疗36例.术后按严重程度不同分别采用颈托外固定、颌枕牵引、石膏外固定1～3月.结果 36例患者中,优33例,良2例,差1例.结论 学龄前儿童先天性肌性斜颈经过综合治疗可以达到相当的矫形美容效果.采用胸锁乳突切断延长及颈阔肌"Z"字缝合术矫正斜颈并恢复颈前"V"形外观.新的手术方式疗效确切,采用皮内缝合伤口瘢痕小,恢复了女性患者的自信心.     

早期先天性肌性斜颈38例诊治体会

先天性肌性斜颈是一侧胸锁乳突肌发生纤维变性后引起挛缩而形成的畸形,病因和发病机制目前尚未确定。早期发现有一定的困难,治疗方法颇多,但以早期为佳。笔者自1980年以来,用普鲁卡因和强的松龙注射液注射挛缩的胸锁乳突肌,治疗早期先天性肌性斜颈38例,方法简便安全,疗效满意。体会如下:     

舒筋散结膏辅助治疗早期小儿肌性斜颈113例临床观察

目的研究中药外敷佐治早期小儿肌性斜颈的疗效。方法将113例先天性肌性斜颈患儿随机分成治疗组76例和对照组37例,对照组应用标准化牵伸手法及磁疗,治疗组在对照组基础上,结合舒筋散结膏外敷。结果治疗组总有效率为93.2%,对照组总有效率为75.7%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用活血化瘀中药外敷可提高小儿先天性肌性斜颈的治疗效果。     

小儿肌性斜颈和眼性斜颈的鉴别诊断与手术治疗探讨

目的:通过对我院近年来收治的小儿斜颈患者的诊治,分析鉴别诊断的应用价值,并探讨其治疗效果.方法:自2010-07～2012-03在我院诊治的肌性斜颈与眼性斜颈患儿23例,其中我院骨科收治肌性斜颈组患儿15例,眼科收治眼性斜颈组患儿8例.所有患儿均经彩色超声检查及眼科检查并采用手术方法,治疗后对患儿颈部功能及面容方面进行预后评估,评价两组疗效及预后的关系.结果:彩超显示肌性斜颈患儿胸锁乳突肌明显厚于对侧,回声增强.而眼性斜颈患儿胸锁乳突肌与对侧相同.对23例患儿术后颈部活动及面容方面进行评定:肌性斜颈的患儿术后优良率93.75％％,眼性斜颈的患儿术后优良率为91.89％.结论:彩超和眼科检查对于鉴别肌性斜颈和眼性斜颈有重要的价值,在此基础上的不同治疗均可取的良好的效果,肌性斜颈术后效果略优于眼性斜颈.     

超声对先天性肌性斜颈的诊断价值

目的探讨超声检查对先天性肌性斜颈的应用价值。方法69例先天性肌性斜颈用彩色多普勒超声检查,观察两侧胸锁乳突肌大小、形态和回声的变化。观察肿块血流及周围血管情况。结果先天性肌性斜颈的胸锁乳突肌局限性增厚58例．均匀性增厚11例;声像图表现：肌束纹理紊乱,回声强弱不一,分布不均匀;肌外膜均保持连续。临床未扪及肿块而超声发现异常回声7例。结论超声能早期正确诊断本病。并且在指导治疗和疗效的观察上有重要价值。有助于与其他原因引起的斜颈相鉴别。     

中医按摩配合功能训练治疗先天性肌性斜颈临床分析

目的观察中医按摩配合功能训练对先天性肌性斜颈的治疗效果,探讨临床应用价值。方法收集26例先天性肌性斜颈患儿,用中医按摩结合功能训练的方式给予治疗,分别于治疗前、治疗1个月、治疗3个月评测胸锁乳突肌挛缩程度及颈部活动情况。结果治疗3个月后评价治疗效果,26例患儿治愈19例、好转7例;对比治疗前与治疗3个月的胸锁乳突肌挛缩长度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中医按摩配合功能训练是治疗先天性肌性斜肌的有效保守方法。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.