舒肝丸对胃肠功能的影响及镇痛作用

目的：研究舒肝丸对小鼠胃肠运动、大鼠胃液分泌的影响及其镇痛作用。方法：采用小鼠胃排空及小肠推进方法观察舒肝丸对胃肠运动的影响；幽门结扎收集胃液观察对胃液分泌的影响；对热板法和扭体法观察其镇痛作用。结果：舒肝丸能抑制正常小鼠胃排空及新斯的明所致的胃排空和肠推进亢进，对阿托品所致的胃排空、肠推进迟缓有协同作用，但不明显；能抑制大鼠胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌，促进胃粘液的分泌；可提高小鼠的热痛阈，减少小鼠的扭体次数。结论：舒肝丸具有抑制胃排空，抑制胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌，促进胃粘液分泌及镇痛作用。     

胃舒汤对大鼠及小鼠胃肠运动影响

目的:考察胃舒汤对大鼠及小鼠胃肠运动的影响。方法:以小鼠胃排空、肠推进及大鼠离体小肠收缩性为指标,观察胃舒汤对正常小鼠及新斯的明致亢进小鼠胃排空及肠推进运动的影响,并测定胃舒汤对大鼠离体小肠收缩性的影响。结果:胃舒汤能明显降低亢进小鼠胃排空及肠推进,对大鼠离体小肠收缩性也具有明显抑制作用。结论:胃舒汤对大鼠及小鼠胃肠运动具有明显抑制作用。     

小茴香挥发油对小鼠胃排空和肠推进的影响

[目的]研究小茴香挥发油对在体小鼠胃肠运动及对家兔大鼠离体肠管收缩活动的影响。[方法] 1)小鼠在体实验:腹腔注射硫酸阿托品建立小鼠胃肠运动功能障碍模型,甲硫酸新斯的明腹腔注射建立小鼠胃排空和肠推进亢进模型,营养性半固体糊灌胃法观察小茴香挥发油对正常小鼠及上述两种模型小鼠小肠推进率和胃排空率的变化。2)离体肠道平滑肌实验:使用PowerLab15T生物信号采集系统观察小茴香挥发油对大鼠和家兔离体肠管运动的影响。[结果]小茴香挥发油不同浓度可以抑制正常小鼠的肠推进及甲硫酸新斯的明所致的肠推进亢进(P0.05);但对甲硫酸阿托品所致的小鼠胃肠运动抑制模型作用不明显,小茴香挥发油对大鼠和家兔离体小肠运动的频率和张力有极显著的抑制作用(P0.01)。[结论]小茴香挥发油具有抑制小鼠胃肠动力的作用,其作用机制可能是通过拮抗乙酰胆碱的作用,从而缓解胃肠道痉挛,为今后小茴香的制剂开发及临床用药的提供理论依据。     

胃消合剂对小鼠胃肠动力学的影响

目的　观察胃消合剂对小鼠胃肠动力学的影响 ,以探讨其药理作用机制。方法　用胃排空率和小肠推进率测定方法 ,观察胃消合剂对正常小鼠、新斯的明所致肠亢进模型小鼠和阿托品所致小肠抑制模型小鼠的胃排空和 /或小肠推进运动的影响。结果　胃消合剂低、中剂量可促进正常小鼠胃排空率和小肠推进率高于空白对照组 (P <0 0 5或 <0 0 1) ,而与多潘立酮相近 (P >0 0 5 ) ;胃消合剂中剂量阿托品所致小肠抑制模型小鼠之小肠推进率高于模型对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并与多潘立酮相近 (P >0 0 5 ) ;胃消合剂高、中、低剂量新斯的明肠亢进模型组动物之小肠推进率与模型组动物相近 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　胃消合剂能促进正常小鼠的胃排空和小肠的运动 ;能一定程度上对抗阿托品对小肠运动的抑制 ;对新斯的明所致的小肠亢进 ,则无影响。胃消合剂的上述作用与剂量有一定的关系 ,高剂量除对正常小鼠的胃排空具有一定作用之外 ,未发现其对各实验组动物小肠运动的促进作用     

胃肠康冲剂改善胃肠功能的研究

为研究胃肠康冲剂对胃肠运动及胃液分泌功能的影响，以不同剂量的胃肠康冲剂对正常小气和新斯的明负荷小鼠分别进行胃排空和小肠推进试验，采用兔离体肠管对胃肠康冲剂进行肠运动试验，以不同剂量的胃肠康冲剂对大鼠进行胃液分泌试验．结果显示胃肠康冲剂具有明显的抑制胃肠运动作用，同时能够置著增加胃液总酸度和胃蛋白酶活性。     

石榴健胃片药效学研究

目的了解新剂型有效、药效的强度,为其剂改及临床研究提供实验依据和奠定可靠的基础.方法采用对蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻和番泻叶所致小鼠腹泻的止泻作用、对正常小鼠小肠推进和对新斯的明所致肠亢进模型小鼠小肠推进运动的影响、对小鼠胃排空运动的影响以及对大鼠胃酸、胃蛋白酶分泌的影响试验方法,结果石榴健胃片显著减少小鼠的稀便数,具有止泻作用;可以促进小鼠的胃排空运动;抑制正常小鼠及新斯的明所致肠亢进模型小鼠的小肠推进运动,从而促进营养物质的吸收;促进胃液的分泌及抑制胃蛋白酶的活性,改善消化功能.结论通过药效学的实验,证实新剂型石榴健胃片的中试产品和原剂型石榴健胃丸疗效增强或不降低,为剂改提供依据.     

胀痛消胶囊对胃肠运动的药理研究

“胀痛消”由左金丸加味组成，临床用于胃肠道疾病取得了较好疗效。本文以胃排空、小肠推进及离体肠管解痉试验观察胀痛消胶囊的胃肠道药理作用。动物雌雄兼用，随机分组，分别观察该药对正常及胃复安、阿托品负荷小鼠胃排空的影响和对正常及新斯的明、肾上腺素负荷小鼠小肠推进的影响，同时观察该药对家兔离体十二指肠自发活动的作用及拮抗氯化乙酰胆碱、氯化钡、组织胺所致离体回肠痉挛的作用。研究结果表明该药明显抑制正常小鼠的胃排空及胃复安所致胃排空加快，对阿托品所致胃排空减慢有协同作用；明显抑制正常小鼠小肠推进，对新斯的明所致小鼠小肠推进加快有明显抑制作用，但对肾上腺素所致小鼠小肠推进减慢没有明显影响；抑制家兔离体十二指肠自发活动以及拮抗氯化乙酰胆碱、氯化钡、组织胺所致家兔回肠痉挛性收缩。以上研究结果提示胀痛消具有调整胃肠运动亢进及缓解胃肠平滑肌痉挛的药理作用。     

知母提取物对地塞米松致大小鼠胃肠机能紊乱的影响

目的探讨知母提取物对地塞米松致大小鼠胃肠机能紊乱的影响。方法通过建立地塞米松诱发的大小鼠胃肠道机能紊乱动物模型,检测大鼠胃液量、胃液pH值、胃蛋白酶活力及胃壁结合黏液量和小鼠肠推进率及胃内色素残留率等指标考察知母提取物的药理作用。结果知母提取物能显著减轻地塞米松所致小鼠胃排空运动减缓,使给予地塞米松造模的大鼠胃液pH值显著增加,胃蛋白酶活力明显降低,胃壁结合黏液量也有明显增加趋势。结论知母提取物具有改善地塞米松致大小鼠胃肠机能紊乱的作用。     

重楼醇提液对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进的影响

目的观察重楼醇提液对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进的影响。方法采用碳末推进试验法,以正常、新斯的明、阿托品、肾上腺素负荷为实验模型,观察重楼醇提液(2.5、5.0g/kg)对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进的影响。结果重楼醇提高、低两个剂量组对正常小鼠胃排空有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),对阿托品所致小鼠胃排空抑制模型有协同作用(P<0.05),均表现为胃内残留率增大;重楼醇提液低剂量组对正常小鼠小肠推进有促进作用(P<0.05),对阿托品、肾上腺素所致小鼠小肠推进抑制模型有显著拮抗作用(P<0.01),均表现为小肠推进率增大;而重楼醇提液高剂量组对正常小鼠小肠推进有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),表现为小肠推进率减小。重楼醇提液高剂量组对肾上腺素所致小鼠胃肠推进抑制模型有协同作用(P<0.05),对新斯的明所致小鼠胃肠推进亢进模型有显著拮抗作用(P<0.01),均表现为胃内残留率增大,小肠推进率减小。结论重楼醇提液对小鼠胃排空和小肠推进有双向调节作用,也可能是因为重楼醇提液中所含的物质影响一些胃肠激素,如胰多肽、胃动素、胃泌素、生长抑素、降钙素等的分泌,从而影响胃排空。     

黑木耳多糖对小鼠小肠推进及胃排空的影响

目的:研究黑木耳多糖(AAP)对小鼠小肠推进和胃排空的影响。方法:分别以正常、新斯的明负荷、肾上腺素负荷小鼠为实验模型,采用小肠炭末推进法和胃排空实验法观察AAP对小鼠小肠推进和胃排空功能的影响。结果:高、中剂量APP可极显著促进小肠推进(P0.01),且高剂量AAP可及显著拮抗新斯的明所致小肠功能亢进(P0.01);高、中剂量AAP可显著促进正常小鼠的胃排空(P0.05),且高剂量AAP对新斯的明所致的胃排空亢进有明显的拮抗作用(P0.05)。结论:黑木耳多糖可促进正常小鼠的肠胃运动,并拮抗新斯的明所致肠胃功能亢进,但对肾上腺素所致肠胃功能抑制无拮抗作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.