64排螺旋CT血管成像诊断椎动脉成窗变异

目的 分析椎动脉成窗变异的CT血管成像(CTA)表现,提高对该血管变异的认识.资料与方法 回顾性分析37例经64排螺旋CTA诊断为椎动脉成窗变异患者的影像学资料,分析椎动脉成窗的部位、形态、与周围血管及骨质的关系等特征及其合并症.结果 2051例行头颈64排CTA检查的患者中发现椎动脉成窗变异37例(1.8%),其中颅内型19例,颅外型16例,颅内-外型2例.颅外型中,6例发生于寰椎段;2例成窗的"窗径"<2mm,呈孔状;35例较大者中,15例成窗的分支粗细不等,呈"OK手势征",20例病变分支粗细基本一致,呈部分重复走行.1例伴其他m管动脉瘤,2例伴大脑前动脉成窗.结论 64排CTA能快速、直观、准确地诊断椎动脉成窗变异及其合并症,熟悉椎动脉成窗的CTA特征有助于指导临床制定合理的治疗方案,提高相应治疗中的安全性.     

320排CTA诊断大脑后动脉成窗变异

目的探讨大脑后动脉成窗变异的CT血管成像(CTA)特征,提高对该血管变异的认识。方法 2011年11月~2013年12月本院共有7326例患者行头颈联合320排CTA检查,其中8例确诊为大脑后动脉成窗变异。回顾性分析大脑后动脉成窗的部位、形态等CTA特征及其合并症。结果 18例患者中共有8个大脑后动脉成窗,P1段成窗7个,P1、P2段移行部联合同侧后交通动脉成窗1个;2其中1例合并基底动脉成窗,1例伴一侧大脑前动脉A1段缺如;32个成窗变异的"窗"径微小(2mm),呈裂隙状。6个"窗"径较大(2mm,最大径约12mm),呈凸透镜样。8例患者均未发现颅内动脉瘤。结论大脑后动脉成窗变异是一种罕见的血管畸形,320排CTA能快速、直观、准确的判断大脑后动脉成窗变异及其合并症。     

VCT对头颈部血管狭窄与闭塞的诊断价值

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT(VCT)头颈部血管成像对头颈部血管慢性狭窄性病变的临床诊断价值.资料与方法 对62例可疑头颈部血管慢性狭窄性病变的患者应用CT血管成像(CTA)技术行头颈动脉成像检查,观察两侧椎动脉(VA)、颈内动脉(ICA)以及大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)和大脑后动脉(PCA).对所有图像行曲面重组(CPR)、容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及多平面重组(MPR)处理.结果 62例中头颈部CTA未见异常19例,发现血管异常43例.其中VA狭窄18支,闭塞7支;ICA狭窄30支,闭塞7支;ACA和MCA狭窄11支,闭塞2支,PCA发育不良2支.烟雾病2例,脑内动静脉畸形2例.血管起源变异4例.结论 VCT头颈部血管成像能准确显示头颈部血管正常解剖与异常改变,二维与三维图像相结合对头颈部血管狭窄或闭塞诊断和治疗方案的制定具有指导意义.     

64排头颈CTA对颅内动脉开窗的诊断价值(附50例分析)

目的分析探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对动脉开窗的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的50例动脉开窗患者的64排CTA临床资料,分析患者CTA特征及颅内开窗的临床意义。结果 50例颅内动脉开窗患者(单发48例,双发2例)共发现了52处开窗,位于基底动脉20处,前交通动脉18处,椎动脉颅内段7处,大脑前动脉2处(A1段1处、A2段1处),大脑前动脉与前交通动脉复合体2处,大脑中动脉1处,颈动脉1处,大脑后动脉P1段1处。形态呈裂隙状35处(开窗血管长度≤5mm),凸透镜状17处(5mm开窗血管长度≤12mm)。伴有6例动脉瘤患者的开窗发生率与44例无动脉瘤患者的开窗发生率相比差异无统计学意义。52处开窗CTA均能从多角度清晰显示它们的位置、形状及其与邻近结构的关系。结论 64排CTA可无创诊断动脉开窗,可提高经血管颅内动脉介入治疗或头颈联合区手术的成功率。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像诊断大脑中动脉成窗变异

目的 探讨大脑中动脉成窗变异的发生率及CT血管成像(CTA)特征,提高对该血管变异的认识.资料与方法 2007年11月至2010年1月本院共有2734例患者行头颈联合64层CTA检查,其中14例确诊为大脑中动脉成窗.回顾性分析大脑中动脉成窗的发生率、部位、形态等CTA特征及其合并症.结果 (1)14例患者共15个大脑中动脉成窗,发生率为0.51%(14/2734).M1段近端成窗12个,占80%;M1段远端成窗2个,占13.3%,均由一支桥血管与M1段远端及M2段近端构成;M1段中部成窗1个,占6.7%.M1段近端成窗中,9个成窗位于大脑中动脉起始部,3个成窗由一支桥血管与M1和A1近端三支血管组成.(2)2个"窗"径较小者(<2 mm)呈孔状,13个"窗"径较大者中,10个分支粗细不等呈"OK"手势样,3个分支粗细大致相同呈"凸透镜"样.(3)1例合并基底动脉成窗,1例合并大脑后动脉成窗,1例合并永久三叉动脉,3例合并颅内其他动脉的动脉瘤.结论 CTA能快速、直观、准确地判断大脑中动脉成窗及其合并症,熟悉其CTA特征有助于指导临床制定合理的治疗方案,提高相应治疗中的安全性.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对双椎动脉变异的诊断价值

目的 应用64层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对双椎动脉进行研究,旨在提高对该血管变异的认识.方法 6336例行头颈64层螺旋CTA检查,发现双椎动脉变异10例(1.58‰).回顾性分析10例患者的影像资料,应用容积再现、最大密度投影、曲面重组和高级血管分析等后处理技术对其进行观察,统计分析椎基底动脉发生起源、路径等变异的部位及数量.结果 10例中,7例起源异常;10例均发生不同程度的路径变异;5例一侧椎动脉发育不良;2例单干椎动脉形成基底动脉;1例伴左侧颈内动脉动脉瘤.结论 64层螺旋CTA能够清晰地显示双椎动脉的解剖变异,对了解双椎动脉影像表现及指导临床制定合理的治疗方案有重要的临床意义.     

256层螺旋CT对迷走右锁骨下动脉的诊断价值

目的探讨256螺旋CT血管造影术(CTA)诊断迷走右锁骨下动脉(ARSA)的诊断价值。方法对8例接受头颈部联合CTA检查的ARSA患者的影像学资料进行回顾分析,结合原始数据、最大密度投影、曲面重组及容积再现三维技术,观察ARSA及其伴发的其他主动脉弓分支变异。结果 8例ARSA均为左位主动脉弓起源,呈食管后型,其中单纯性5例;合并左侧椎动脉起源于主动脉弓2例;合并主动脉夹层1例。结论 256层螺旋CTA能够准确评价迷走右锁骨下动脉及其伴发的其他主动脉弓分支变异,对临床有重要意义。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像诊断椎动脉起源异常

目的 分析椎动脉起源异常的64层CT血管成像(CTA)表现,提高对该血管变异的认识.方法 回顾性分析135例经64层CTA诊断为椎动脉起源异常病人的影像学资料,分析椎动脉起源异常的发生率,起始血管及部位、起源异常椎动脉的行径及其合并症.结果 2757例行头颈64层CTA检查的病人中椎动脉起源异常的发生率为4.9%(135例病人136支椎动脉),其中左侧椎动脉起源异常133支(4.8%),右侧椎动脉起源异常3支;左侧椎动脉起源异常中,129支起源于主动脉弓,2例为重复畸形,1支起源于左侧颈内动脉,1支起于左锁骨下动脉根部.3支右侧椎动脉起源异常中,2支起自右侧颈总动脉,1支起源于头臂干.37例病人合并椎动脉行径异常(进入第4、5和7椎间孔);28支异常起源的椎动脉发育不良;5支起源异常椎动脉的远端游离(未与对侧椎动脉汇合);3例合并椎动脉-基底动脉成窗畸形,1例合并对侧椎动脉瘤.结论 64层CTA能清晰、快速、无创、准确地诊断椎动脉起源变异.     

头颈联合CTA在椎基底动脉变异中的应用

目的:分析椎基底动脉变异的CTA表现,提高对椎基底动脉血管变异的认识和临床意义。方法:回顾性分析85例经16排CTA诊断为椎基底动脉变异患者的影像资料,观察椎基底动脉变异的起源、行径、管径异常、重复或开窗畸形、永存胚胎性血管的变异特征,以及是否合并颅内血管畸形或动脉瘤改变。结果:1 268例行头颈联合16排CTA检查的患者中发现椎基底动脉变异85例,其中椎动脉开口起源变异18例,行径变异25例,管径异常19例,重复或开窗畸形20例(合并颅内动脉瘤3例),永存胚胎性血管3例。结论:16排CTA能快速、立体、准确显示椎基底动脉变异及颅内畸形血管合并症。熟悉椎基底动脉变异的CTA特征能为临床治疗提供可靠的影像资料。     

双能量减影CTA对颅内动脉窗式变异的诊断

目的探讨双能量减影CTA(DE-CTA)对颅内动脉窗式变异的诊断价值,了解颅内动脉窗式变异的CTA表现、检出率及好发部位。方法 2009年3月~2014年1月期间,回顾性分析我院3148例经头颈部DE-CTA诊断为颅内动脉窗式变异218例患者的影像学资料,分析颅内动脉窗式变异的发生率、部位、形态特征及合并症。结果 1在3148例患者中,检出颅内动脉窗式变异224个窗(218例),检出率为7.12%,其中位于基底动脉132个(4.19%),椎动脉45个(1.43%),大脑前动脉及前交通动脉43个(1.37%),大脑中动脉4个(0.13%)。5例为基底动脉与椎动脉2个窗式变异,1例为基底动脉与前交通动脉2个窗式变异;2基底动脉中,128个窗位于中下1/2段,4个窗位于中上1/2段;椎动脉中,V3段27个窗(左侧16个,右侧11个),V4段18个窗(左侧8个,右侧10个);大脑前动脉及前交通动脉中,A1段9个窗(左侧4个,右侧5个),A2段6个窗(左侧2个,右侧4个),A1与A1交界区3个窗(左侧2个,右侧1个),前交通25个窗;大脑中动脉4个窗均位于M1段;3根据血管变异形态分型:裂隙型126个,凸透镜型72个,重复型26个。9例合并颅内动脉瘤。结论双能量减影CTA能清楚、直观、准确的诊断颅内动脉窗式变异及所合并的其他血管病变。     

Imaging detection of cerebral artery fenestrations and their clinical correlation with cerebrovascular diseases

ObjectivesCerebral artery fenestrations detected incidentally during computed tomographic angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are reported to be associated with aneurysmal dilatation, which may cause cerebrovascular diseases, arteriovenous malformations, or, rarely, ischemic symptoms.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed CTA and MRA of patients with cerebral artery fenestration examined between January 2014 and December 2017. The location, shape, and other associated vascular diseases were described.ResultsTwo hundred eleven cerebral artery fenestrations were found in 208 patients for a detection rate of 1.13% (208/18,360). Basilar artery fenestrations were most common, accounting for 50.2% (106/211). The fenestration was <5 mm in 115 patients (54.5%), 5–10 mm in 63 (29.9%), and ≥10 mm in 33 (15.6%). Forty-one patients had other vascular malformations, including 29 aneurysms. Except for one aneurysm, which was at the site of the fenestration, all other aneurysms were separate from the fenestrations. 26 patients had cerebral infarctions; among them, 11 had cerebral infarctions in the blood supply area of the arterial fenestration.ConclusionsCerebral artery fenestration is an uncommon finding at cerebral imaging, but mostly affects the basilar artery. Cerebral artery fenestrations could be associated with cerebrovascular diseases and malformations, but the present study could not evaluate the cause-to-effect relationship.     

椎-基底动脉窗式变异的螺旋CT血管成像诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对椎动脉和基底动脉窗式变异的无创性诊断价值。方法回顾性分析13例经DSA检查证实的椎动脉和基底动脉窗式变异的CTA资料,以DSA为标准,评价CTA检查在椎动脉和基底动脉窗式变异中的准确性。结果 13例患者共发现椎动脉或基底动脉窗式变异13个,CTA检查在窗式变异的部位、形态及范围的显示上与DSA检查结果完全一致。结论 CTA是一种高度准确、非侵袭性的成像技术,在椎-基底动脉窗式变异的诊断中有较高的应用价值。     

Association of cerebral arteriovenous malformation with cerebral arterial fenestration

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rarely associated with other vascular lesions. Our goal was to examine the incidence of the coexistence of cerebral AVMs and cerebral arterial fenestrations. During the past 18 years, 51 patients with a cerebral AVM were examined with selective cerebral angiography in our institution. We retrospectively reviewed these cerebral angiographies and noted associated cerebral arterial fenestrations. We found five fenestrations distributed among 3 patients. In each patient one fenestration was located in the vertebral artery (VA). In 1 patient there were additional basilar and left middle cerebral artery fenestrations. Vertebral artery angiography was performed in 43 of the 51 patients; thus, the frequency of coexistence of AVM and VA fenestration was 7 % (3 of 43). Although the clinical significance may not be great, we found a noteworthy incidence of associated VA fenestrations in AVM cases. Received: 3 February 2000 Revised: 24 July 2000 Accepted: 25 July 2000     

Basilar artery fenestration detected with CT angiography

Objectives

To analyse the characteristics of basilar artery (BA) fenestrations and their coexistence with aneurysms and other anomalies in a massive cases by computed tomographic angiography (CTA).

Methods

A total of 5,657 sequential cerebral CTA images performed from January 2006 to February 2012 were reviewed. CTA images were obtained from the raw datasets by using volume rendering and maximal intensity projection reconstruction.

Results

One hundred and thirty-two (2.33 %) BA fenestrations were detected with CTA, and most common at the proximal segment (n?=?124). BA fenestration-associated aneurysms were found in 34 cases and 7 located at the posterior circulation, and the frequency of posterior circulation aneurysms was significantly different in patients with and without BA fenestrations (P?=?0.025). Other associated anomalies included arteriovenous malformation (n?=?7) and moyamoya disease (n?=?6). BA fenestrations were classified into Type I (74 cases), Type II (15 cases), Type III (41 cases) and Type IV (2 cases). A significant difference was observed between Types II + III associated with convex-lens-like and slit-like fenestrations (P?=?0.008).

Conclusions

BA fenestrations were found in 2.33 % with CTA. They were significantly more often associated with posterior circulation aneurysms than those without BA fenestration. The anterior inferior cerebral artery (AICA) tends to originate more often from convex-lens-like fenestration than slit-like.

Key Points

? Basilar artery fenestrations were found in 2.33?% of patients undergoing CT angiography. ? Fenestrations were seen more often in the lower third with slit-like configurations. ? No obvious relationship exists between basilar artery fenestration and aneurysm formation. ? Basilar artery fenestrations perhaps predispose a patient to posterior circulation aneurysm formation. ? The AICA tends to originate more often from convex-lens-like than slit-like fenestrations.     

应用DSA诊断椎-基底动脉变异

目的探讨椎基底动脉变异的种类和发生率及DSA影像学特征,提高对椎基底动脉变异临床意义的认识。方法对6432例患者均进行全脑血管进行造影,对全脑血管造影的DSA图像资料进行回顾性分析,得出椎基底动脉变异的发生率及变异血管合并其他血管病变的情况。结果发生椎动脉起源变异272例患者278支椎动脉,检出率为4.3%,其中左椎动脉起源异常270支(4.2%),右椎动脉起源异常8支;左椎动脉起源异常中,258支直接起自主动脉弓,2例为双起源椎动脉,4支起自颈内动脉,6支起自左锁骨下动脉根部。8支右椎动脉起源异常中,2支直接起源于右颈总动脉,2支起自右颈内动脉动脉,2例为双起源椎动脉,2支直接起自头臂干动脉。141例椎基底动脉成窗(2.19%);61支小脑后下动脉起自颅外段位置较低部位。11例永久性原始三叉动脉。另外,有9例变异结构的远端或近端伴发动脉瘤、2例伴发动静脉畸形。7例出现与成窗结构供血区相一致的一过性脑缺血症状,其中2例出现经成窗结构远端供血部位的脑梗塞,1例出现经双起源椎动脉供血部位的脑梗塞。结论脑血管DSA可以清晰显示椎基底动脉变异的位置、形态、毗邻关系及有无伴发其他血管性病变;掌握椎基底动脉变异的DSA影像学表现及血流动力学特征,对脑血管病的明确诊断及手术和介入治疗方案的制定具有重要临床意义。     

The frequency of intracranial arterial fenestrations: A study with 64-detector CT-angiography

Fenestration is a vascular variation that begins with a common origin, then splits into two parallel luminal channels and rejoins distally. Potential association between anomalies of cerebral circulation and increased occurrence of aneurysm makes intracranial arterial fenestrations important. The planning of intracranial arterial interventions may be complicated if a fenestration occurs proximal to the site of intended treatment. This study is planned to determine the frequency of fenestrations on CT angiography and to search whether there is relationship between aneurysms and fenestrations.CT angiographies of 395 consecutive patients, performed by 64-detector CT, were retrospectively reviewed for aneurysms and fenestrations. Overall fenestration frequency, fenestration frequency in patients with and without aneurysm, and aneurysm frequency in patients with and without fenestration were searched. Demographic characteristics of patients were also compared. Overall fenestration frequency was 12.9%. Vertebrobasilar system (5.56%) and anterior communicating region (5.32%) were the two most frequent sites of fenestration. The rate of fenestrations was not significantly different between patients who had and did not have aneurysms. Mean age was significantly higher, and females were predominant in patients with aneurysms. However our results did not show significant difference in age and sex of patients with fenestrations.The frequency of fenestrations in this study is higher than in previously published radiological studies, suggesting that fenestrations are relatively common. There is no significant relationship between the frequency of aneurysms and fenestrations.     

Fenestrations of Intracranial Arteries

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Few data are available on the frequency and location distribution of fenestrations of intracranial arteries. We used 3D rotational angiography of all intracranial arteries in a cohort of 179 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms to assess the prevalence and location of fenestrations and the relation of fenestrations to aneurysms.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Of 179 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted between March 2013 and June 2014, 140 had 3D rotational angiography of all cerebral vessels. The presence and location of aneurysms and fenestrations were assessed. In patients with both aneurysms and fenestrations, we classified the relation of the location of the aneurysm as remote from the fenestration or on the fenestration.RESULTS:In 140 patients, 210 aneurysms were present. In 33 of 140 patients (24%; 95% confidence interval, 17.2%–31.3%), 45 fenestrations were detected with the following locations: anterior communicating artery in 31 (69%), A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in 4 (9%), middle cerebral artery in 4 (9%), basilar artery in 4 (9%), vertebral artery in 1 (2%), and anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 1 (2%). Of 56 patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms, 14 had a fenestration on the anterior communicating artery complex. The remaining 31 fenestrations had no anatomic relation to aneurysms. In 140 patients with 210 aneurysms, 14 aneurysms (7%) were located on a fenestration and 196 were not.CONCLUSIONS:In patients with a suspected ruptured aneurysm, fenestrations of intracranial arteries were detected in 24% (33 of 140). Most fenestrations were located on the anterior communicating artery. Of 45 fenestrations, 14 (31%) were related to an aneurysm.

Fenestrations of intracranial arteries are segmental duplications of the lumen into 2 distinct channels, each comprising endothelial and muscular layers with or without a shared adventitia. Fenestrations are anatomic variants and can range from a small focus of divided tissue to duplication of a long vessel segment.^1,2Fenestrations result from partial failure of fusion of paired primitive embryologic vessels or from incomplete obliteration of anastomosis in a primitive vascular network.²The association of fenestrations with aneurysms and other neurovascular disorders has been noted. Some suggest that altered flow dynamics in the presence of fenestrations may promote aneurysm development, though the exact relationship is not well-defined.Surgical and anatomic studies suggest that fenestrations are common in intracranial arteries with the highest prevalence in the anterior communicating artery (AcomA) complex.^3–5 Demonstration of fenestrations with imaging is uncommon.^6,7 Most fenestrations are only visible from a specific viewing angle that is often not provided by conventional angiography or reconstructed cross-sectional imaging. With 3D imaging, especially 3D rotational angiography, the detection rate of fenestrations has improved.⁸ Scant data are available on the frequency and location distribution of fenestrations of intracranial arteries, to our knowledge. We used 3D rotational angiography of all intracranial arteries in a cohort of 179 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysms to assess the prevalence and location of fenestrations and the relation of fenestrations with aneurysms.     

16排螺旋CT血管造影诊断烟雾病的临床价值探讨

目的 探讨16排螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对烟雾病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析24例烟雾病病例,其中男性10例,女性14例,年龄16～71岁.对病例患者进行颅脑CT平扫及CTA检查,应用容积再现(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)技术进行图像后处理.结果 平扫CT表现为15例患者颅内若干部位呈见出血灶.7例出现梗死灶,8例出现脑萎缩,2例正常.CTA显示18例患者双侧颈内动脉终末段血管闭塞或狭窄,双侧大脑前、中动脉局部或全程显示不清,其走行区及周围见较多细小侧支循环血管影,6例患者单侧颈内动脉狭窄,单侧大脑前及中动脉显示不清.18例见较为典型的颅底动脉环周围纤细、烟雾状迂曲血管,3例烟雾状血管较少显示,3例VR重建血管网显示效果一般,但是,经过调整VR透明值,便得以清楚显示血管网.VR重建技术对于显示病变血管与其周围结构的位置关系效果显著,显示侧支和细小血管效果不如MIP和MPR.结论 通过CTA可较为清晰地显示颅底异常的脑血管网,颅内颈内动脉末端及大脑前、中、后动脉近端有不同程度的狭窄、闭塞的特征.在诊疗烟雾病过程时采用16排螺旋CT血管造影具有很重要的临床价值,同时可为临床诊治和预后评判提供可靠依据.     

Fenestration of the middle cerebral artery detected by MR angiography.

Unlike fenestration of the posterior cerebral arterial circulation, fenestration of the anterior cerebral arterial circulation has not been well described. We investigated the location and configuration of fenestration of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) detected by magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. We found 6 fenestrations of the MCA among cranial MR angiography images obtained from about 2,000 patients during the past 9 years at our institution using either of two 1.5T imagers. All images were obtained by the three-dimensional time-of-flight technique. Maximum-intensity projection images in the horizontal rotation view were displayed stereoscopically. All 6 fenestrations had small slit-like configurations, five located at the proximal M1 segment, the other, at the middle M1 segment. No associated aneurysm was found. Although MCA fenestration is extremely rare and cerebral artery fenestration usually has no clinical significance, an aneurysm can arise at the proximal end of the fenestration. Thus, recognizing MCA fenestration is important when interpreting cranial MR angiograms.     

减影CTA成像技术在脑动脉瘤诊断中的优势

目的合理应用64层螺旋CT减影CTA的优势,提高对脑动脉瘤的诊断率。资料与方法对61例临床有蛛网膜下腔出血的患者行CT检查,并用减影CTA和常规CTA进行对比,重组技术用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)。以手术及部分DSA为标准评价两种检查结果;由两名有经验的神经外科医师、两名放射科医师双盲法评价图像质量。结果减影CTA检出动脉瘤63个,检出动脉瘤的敏感性为100%、特异性为100%,阴性似然比为0.0000,评价者对动脉瘤检出的一致性为1.00;常规CTA检出动脉瘤60个,漏检3个颈内动脉床突下动脉瘤,检出动脉瘤的敏感性为95%,特异性为100%,阴性似然比为0.0500,评价者对动脉瘤检出的一致性为0.9565。结论减影CTA技术对颈内动脉床突下动脉瘤的检出具有明显的优势。