微球囊与长支架在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨微球囊与长支架在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症介入治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年11月行介入治疗的71例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者86条患肢的临床资料.按照2007年版跨大西洋多学科共识(TASCⅡ)分型,A型18条患肢,B型39条,C型20条,D型9条;临床Fontaine Ⅰ期0条患肢,Ⅱ期35条,Ⅲ期45条,Ⅳ期6条.所有患者均接受血管腔内治疗,腘动脉及膝以下水平病变仅采用微球囊扩张成形术;股总动脉和股浅动脉病变球囊成形后根据血管情况可放置长支架.结果 介入治疗技术成功率94.2％,81条患肢使用球囊及微球囊成功进行血管腔内成形术,其中58条患肢共置入66枚长支架,血液循环均得以重建和改善;5条动脉完全闭塞的患肢,未能完成血管再通.结论 应用微球囊行膝关节及以下血管腔内成形术有较好的疗效;长支架可应用于股总动脉及股浅动脉长段慢性闭塞症治疗,但不宜跨关节放置.     

糖尿病足介入治疗17例回顾性分析

目的：评价糖尿病下肢动脉的血管改变及血管内介入治疗的临床价值。方法：对36例糖尿病足行下肢动脉DSA检查，并同时与血管超声进行对照。其中17例节段性狭窄行介入治疗(12例经皮血管球囊成形术，5例血管腔内支架植入)。术后常规抗凝治疗，并于6个月后血管造影复查。结果：糖尿病足下肢动脉有不同程度的狭窄与阻塞同时存在，细小动脉多有闭塞；17例行介入治疗者均有胭动脉以上动脉的慢性损伤。介入治疗可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉的血液灌注，通过控制血糖和改善血液循环，其治疗的近期疗效令人满意。结论：DSA检查可以准确了解阻塞部位及程度，对糖尿病足的下肢动脉介入治疗疗效满意，可以大大降低患者的病残率。     

锁骨下动脉盗血综合征介入治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨锁骨下动脉盗血综合征的介入治疗方法及疗效。方法应用经皮血管腔内支架植入术治疗因锁骨下动脉狭窄/闭塞致锁骨下动脉盗血综合征患者12例。结果血管内支架成形术治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄/闭塞患者手术成功率高,12例患者左锁骨下动脉血流完全通畅、椎动脉血流方向恢复,局部并发症少,其中1例采用经肱动脉和股动脉双入路交换导丝贯通行血管内支架成形治疗。结论经皮血管腔内成形术治疗锁骨下动脉盗血综合征是一种创伤小、疗效满意的治疗方法。     

腹主-双髂动脉闭塞的综合介入治疗

目的探讨腔内溶栓术及成形术治疗腹主动脉-双髂动脉闭塞的临床疗效及价值。方法对15例腹主动脉及双髂动脉完全闭塞患者,采用腔内溶栓及成形术等综合介入治疗。其中男13例,女2例;5例为肾动脉水平下腹主动脉闭塞,10例为腹主动脉末端及双髂动脉完全闭塞;血管闭塞长度14.1～33.5(19.61±6.24)cm。结果 15例患者均成功开通闭塞段血管。1例1周后发生左侧髂动脉急性栓塞;2例在半年内发生支架内闭塞;5例2年后再次出现跛行症状,给予对症治疗后症状改善。5例术中发生血管夹层,6例术中发生肢体远端血管栓塞,15例患者因留管溶栓均出现大小不等的穿刺点血肿,对症治疗后症状改善。结论利用多种介入方法对主-髂动脉长段闭塞病变进行综合治疗是一种治疗长段大血管闭塞的有效方法。对于腹主动脉及双髂动脉完全闭塞患者可优先考虑施行综合介入治疗。     

经皮血管腔内成形术治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症

目的评价经皮腔内成形术及支架植入术治疗髂股动脉硬化闭塞症的临床疗效。方法自1999年4月-2004年8月,为13例髂股动脉硬化闭塞症患者联合应用导管接触性溶栓和导丝机械性开通的方法开通闭塞段,行腔内成形及支架植入术,共植入25枚Wallstent支架,采用多普勒超声或DSA随访。结果13例患者均一次性开通血管闭塞段并植入支架。经8个月～5年(平均26.2个月)随访,1例于术后23d支架内急性血栓闭塞,经导管接触性溶栓治疗再次成功开通;1例于术后19个月临床症状加重,造影证实支架处髂总和髂外动脉闭塞并同侧股浅动脉闭塞,于外科行血管旁路术,其余病例于随访期内血流通畅,临床疗效满意。结论接触性溶栓结合导丝机械性开通法开通闭塞血管成功率高,血管腔内成形术作为髂股动脉硬化闭塞症的有效治疗方法创伤小,再狭窄率低。     

经皮血管成形术联合外科手术治疗下肢动脉粥样硬化闭塞症

目的:总结血管腔内成形术配合外科手术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的体会.方法:2003年11月～2006年1月对16例多节段、多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者行外科手术和球囊扩张及支架置入术联合治疗,术后随访2～26个月.结果:14例患者因术后侧枝循环建立患肢症状较术前明显改善,动脉再闭塞2例,人工血管闭塞1例,支架部分再狭窄1例.结论:血管腔内成形术配合外科手术治疗,降低了手术难度与复杂性,最大限度地减少手术并发症,提高了手术成功率.     

膝下动脉球囊成形术及溶栓介入治疗糖尿病足的价值(附19例分析)

目的:探讨膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓术在介入治疗糖尿病足的临床价值。方法:对19例糖尿病足患者介入术前行CTA检查,对31个下肢用Seldinger技术,经股动脉顺行穿刺插管,分别对膝下动脉病变采用经血管腔内球囊成形术、保留导管溶栓术等多种介入治疗方法。结果:介入治疗后患肢血流改善明显,狭窄性病变开通率明显大于闭塞性病变。皮温明显升高,行走距离显著增加,溃疡愈合加快。结论:膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓治疗微创、安全、有效,可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉血供,近期疗效令人满意。     

髂动脉闭塞介入治疗的临床观察

目的探讨髂动脉闭塞性病变介入治疗的技术要点。方法本组41例髂动脉闭塞的患者通过行闭塞段开通、经导管局部溶栓、血管腔内成形术（PTA）和内支架置入等多种介入方法综合治疗来观察效果。结果 41例患者介入治疗成功率达100%,治愈36例,好转5例,共9例血管闭塞者进行了溶栓治疗。术后随访2～24个月,平均18个月,除2例分别在术后11个月和8个月发生支架内再闭塞行二次介入治疗外,其余患者症状均无加重或复发。结论血管腔内介入治疗可作为治疗髂动脉闭塞可选择的手术替代方案,尤其是对于有高手术风险的患者,具有微创、简单、有效的优点。     

血管内介入治疗在膝下动脉闭塞性病变中的临床应用

目的:评价膝下动脉闭塞性病变血管内介入治疗的临床效果和必要性。方法:回顾性分析2005年4月～2007年12月间收治的42例(47条肢体)采用球囊血管成形术治疗的以膝下动脉病变为主的动脉硬化闭塞症患者的临床资料。结果:42例患者的43条肢体闭塞病变治疗获得成功,成功率为91.5%(43/47),术后平均随访5月(1～10月),临床症状明显改善;1例介入治疗后1月行膝下截肢术,截肢率为2.1%。结论:球囊血管成形术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞性疾病的膝下动脉病变可行性强、疗效显著、安全性良好,近期疗效确切,长期疗效还需进一步随访研究。     

长球囊在膝下段动脉腔内成形术中的应用

目的 探讨长球囊在膝下段动脉血管成形术治疗中的应用价值.资料与方法 采用长球囊对19例以膝下动脉硬化闭塞性病变为主的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者共21条下肢行血管腔内成形术,同时经保留导管局部灌注抗凝溶栓,扩血管药物治疗.结果 21条患肢中,技术成功18条,成功率85.7%,术后随访3～9个月,52.4% (11/21)下肢发凉、麻木疼痛消失,47.6% (10/21)下肢发凉、麻木疼痛不同程度缓解,1例足部溃疡愈合,1例足部坏死行部分足切除.21条患肢踝臂指数(ABI)由术前0.58±0.13升至术后0.89±0.15及最近一次随访测量值0.85±0.14(P＜0.05).结论 使用长球囊行膝下段动脉血管成形术治疗安全可行,近期疗效确切.     

Recanalization with laser and angioplasty of atherosclerotic lesions of the legs. Personal experience with 31 treated lesions

From January to November 1989, 31 iliac and femoro-popliteal atherosclerotic lesions were treated in 29 patients (age range: 33-80 years) by means of percutaneous laser-assisted angioplasty. The lesions were 6 iliac tubular stenoses, 6 iliac occlusions and 19 femoro-popliteal occlusions, 2-20 cm long. The laser equipment employed was in 10 cases a Cardiolase 4000 Nd:YAG "hot tip" unit, and in 21 cases a Nd:YAG "sapphire contact probe" unit. Initial success was achieved in 23/31 lesions (74%); the follow-up, by clinical examination, Doppler US, and ankle-arm pressure index performed every 4th month, showed 1-year actuarial patency of 80% for femoro-popliteal occlusion and 100% for iliac lesion, with 87% cumulative patency. Overall complication rate was 22.5%. There were 6 local complications, 4 of which were hematomas at the arterial puncture site, and 2 were performation of the superficial femoral artery, all without any clinical sequelae; one patient developed rethrombosis within 72 hours from treatment, which needed amputation after an emergency bypass. Our preliminary results show no significant improvement when compared with conventional balloon angioplasty results both in immediate success rate and in short-to-midterm patency; furthermore, laser therapy was burdened by a higher complication rate. We believe that laser angioplasty should be employed only in arterial occlusion uncrossable with angiographic guidance alone.     

髋关节区动脉支架植入治疗下肢动脉重症缺血的临床效果评价

目的观察与评价髋关节区支架植入治疗下肢动脉重症缺血的安全性、有效性及对股深动脉血流的影响。 方法66例动脉硬化闭塞所致下肢重症缺血患者（共70条动脉,均累及股总动脉和/或股动脉近心段）。平均年龄74.6岁。男46例,女20例。左下肢动脉40条,右下肢动脉30条。开通闭塞动脉后,行球囊扩张及支架植入。 结果术中股动脉急性闭塞3例（局部溶栓后获得通畅）,余下肢动脉即刻血流均获得通畅,下肢缺血症状均明显改善。术后15例患肢出现血流过度灌注,无严重并发症发生。随访54例（失访12例）,随访时间2～30个月,平均（16.2±2.6）个月。25例因再狭窄或闭塞发生患肢缺血,其中16例接受再次介入治疗（PTA及导管溶栓后获二次通畅）。跨髋关节支架均无断裂,股深动脉均仍保持通畅。6例发生心、脑血管意外,其中2例死亡。 结论跨髋关节动脉支架植入可安全、有效地改善下肢动脉重症缺血,且不影响股深动脉血流。     

Intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy for arterial occlusive disease of the pelvis and extremities with special reference to short-term high dose infusion

Thirty-five complete arterial occlusions of pelvis and extremity in 29 patients were treated with intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy. In 28 limbs, the occlusions were due to arteriosclerotic change and in 7 lesions, the occlusions were due to Burger's disease. The patients with arteriosclerotic change ranged in age from 52 to 84 years with a mean age of 68 years, and the patients with Burger's disease ranged in age from 35 to 47 years with a mean age of 43 years. There were 24 men and 5 women. The estimated duration of the occlusion was from 5 days to 5 years with a mean duration of 11 months. The length of the occluded segments ranged from 1 to 45 cm with a mean length of 13.9 cm. The occlusion was located in the iliac artery in 13 patients, the femoral artery in 11 patients, both the iliac and the femoral artery in 2 patients, the popliteal artery in 5 patients, the femoro-popliteal artery in 1 patient, the brachial artery in 2 patients and the radial artery in 1 patient. The infusion catheter was gently advanced into the proximal portion of the clot over a flexible guide wire, and urokinase was infused at a rate of 5000-10000 IU/min, as a short term high dose infusion (SHI), until antegrade blood flow was reestablished. The catheter was then withdrawn to a point proximal to all of the remaining clot, and the infusion rate was reduced to 10000-20000 IU/h as a continuous low dose infusion (CLI). After thrombolytic recanalization, a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in those cases which demonstrated a residual narrowing of the lumen. The initial success rate was 86%. Reocclusions were observed in 5 lesions (17%) and a second recanalization was successful in 2 of 3 patients. The 1-year cumulative patency rate following recanalization was 88.4% and the 2-year patency rate was 78.6%. No significant complications directly related to the procedure were observed. SHI combined with CLI and PTA appears to be an effective and safe therapy for chronic long segmental arterial occlusion.     

Pulmonary thromboembolism following angioplasty for membraneous occlusion of the vena cava: Case report

Pulmonary thromboembolism following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for membranous occlusion of the inferior vena cava is reported. Scintigraphy following angioplasty showed a pulmonary perfusion defect with mild hypoxia. The patient recovered after anticoagulant therapy. Pulmonary thromboembolism may be a complication of angioplasty in patients who have membranous occlusions accompanying intracaval thrombus.     

肾移植术后动脉并发症的介入治疗

目的总结肾移植术后动脉性并发症介入治疗的经验及价值评估。方法回顾分析肾移植患者中进行血管造影检查者52例，介入治疗方法包括动脉内血管成形术治疗动脉狭窄，动脉内用尿激酶溶栓治疗急性血栓栓塞和假性动脉瘤的栓塞治疗。结果12例移植肾动脉基本正常，21例显示动脉吻合13狭窄，2例吻合13处动脉瘤形成(其中1例合并吻合13狭窄)，14例为移植肾动脉内血栓形成，3例为移植肾内动脉稀少。单纯移植。肾动脉狭窄中，16例行经动脉内血管成形术(单纯球囊扩张12例，血管内支架4例)治疗，其中14例肾功能逐渐恢复正常，2例术后肾功能恢复不良，移植肾切除。13例动脉血栓患者接受溶栓治疗(1例溶栓后放置支架)，其中3例溶栓失败，1例血管通畅后肾功能未见明显恢复，余9例。肾功能恢复正常。1例假性动脉瘤合并吻合口狭窄接受吻合口球囊扩张及支架治疗，动脉瘤栓塞治疗，造影复查动脉瘤消失，临床症状改善。结论血管内介入治疗为肾移植术后并发症提供进一步治疗，可及早挽救移植肾。     

Excimer laser-assisted recanalisation of femoral arterial stenosis or occlusion caused by the use of Angio-Seal

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of excimer laser and balloon angioplasty of femoral artery stenosis and occlusion after use of a haemostatic puncture closure device. A haemostatic puncture closure device (Angio-Seal) was used in 6000 patients after diagnostic or therapeutic artery catheterisation. In 34 of those patients symptoms of peripheral artery disease occurred. Sixteen of those 34 cases were transferred to our clinic for excimer laser angioplasty. All 16 patients presented with symptoms of acute peripheral artery disease within 1-14 days: superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusions (4 cases); superficial femoral artery stenosis (3 cases); high-grade stenosis of the common femoral artery (CFA; 3 cases); high-grade stenosis of CFA; SFA and profund femoral artery (PFA; 3 cases); and occlusions of CFA, SFA and PFA (3 cases). Before any procedure was performed, informed consent was given by the patient, which included the use of the Angio-Seal closure device. Every patient who had to undergo recanalisation procedures gave additional informed consent which especially included the usage of the excimer laser for recanalisation. A measurement of the walking distance, ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABI) and diagnostic angiography was performed in 13 cases before and immediate after as well as 3 and 6 months after therapeutic percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty followed by balloon angioplasty (PTLA/PTA). In 3 patients the risks of PTLA/PTA was considered too high; those patients underwent surgical repair. Angiographic and clinical improvement was achieved in 13 of 13 patients. The mean walking distance increased from 81 to > 400 m. The average ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABI) increased from 0.47 to 0.84. One patient developed a dissection of the SFA, and in 1 case a peripheral embolisation was seen. The PTLA/PTA technique is a successful therapeutic option for patients with femoral artery occlusion or high-grade stenosis after Angio-Seal application.     

Rapid progression of peripheral vascular disease after diagnostic angiography

The authors retrospectively reviewed records of percutaneous transluminal angioplasties performed at three institutions. Seven stenotic lesions in peripheral vessels were identified that had progressed to total occlusion in the interval between the time that diagnostic run-off angiography and attempted angioplasty were performed. The post-angiographic occlusions were 3-16 cm long (mean, 9 cm), and the interval between diagnostic angiography and discovery of the occlusions ranged from 1 hour to 91 days (median, 2 days). Treatment of the occlusions was riskier and more difficult than simple angioplasty of the original stenoses. The authors conclude that some aspect of the angiographic procedure probably precipitated the transition from stenosis to occlusion. This complication can be prevented by preparation for angioplasty immediately after diagnostic run-off angiography or perhaps by use of heparin during the diagnostic study.     

Use of abciximab during infrainguinal peripheral vascular interventions: initial experience

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of abciximab as an adjunct during infrainguinal angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Abciximab was used in conjunction with recanalization techniques and angioplasty to treat stenoses or occlusions in 16 patients: 10 patients had high-grade stenoses or occlusions longer than 5 cm in the superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery, and six patients had stenoses or occlusions below the popliteal artery. All patients received a bolus of heparin after arterial access was achieved. Abciximab was administered by means of a weight-base nomogram that consisted of an initial bolus followed by an overnight infusion. Technical success was defined as a less than 30% residual stenosis after angioplasty. Patients were carefully followed up for possible postprocedural complications. Platelet counts were monitored for 24 hours. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 15 (94%) of 16 patients. One occlusion of the superficial femoral artery could not be crossed. There was a mean postprocedural increase of 0.23 in the ankle-brachial index. There was no significant effect on platelet count. Two minor complications occurred. One major complication occurred; this was a groin hematoma, which required a blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: The use of abciximab as an adjunct during complex infrainguinal arterial interventions appears promising, on the basis of initial experience.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of occlusions of the femoral and popliteal arteries by subintimal dissection

A technique for recanalization of femoral and popliteal arterial occlusions by intentional subintimal dissection is described. Recanalization with this technique was attempted in 71 occlusions of the femoro-popliteal segment with a mean length of 11.4cm. Primary technical success was achieved in 54 (76%) cases, with complications occurring in 4 (5.6%). Of 44 successful cases reviewed at a mean follow up of 6 months, 37 (84%) were either asymptomatic or improved. The technique has proved to be an effective method of treating occlusions of the femoral and popliteal arteries with an acceptable complication rate. It may allow successful angioplasty where the standard intraluminal method fails, particularly when reconstructive surgery is the only option.     

Subintimal angioplasty in femoropopliteal region—Mid-term results

Purpose

Subintimal angioplasty is becoming more frequently used treatment option for patients with long arterial occlusions or diffuse atherosclerotic changes as an alternative to surgical treatment in claudicants especially in patients with critical limb ischemia.The aim of our article is to retrospectively assess mid-term outcomes of subintimal angioplasty of chronic arterial occlusions in femoropopliteal region followed clinically and by Doppler ultrasonography.

Materials and methods

From May 2002 to December 2007, 133 femoropopliteal artery occlusions in 123 patients were indicated for subintimal recanalisation. The indications for treatment were intermittent claudications in 84 patients (63.15%) and critical limb ischemia in 49 patients (36.85%). The median length of lesions was 11.4 cm, range 2-30 cm. Except doppler ultrasonographic examination done 24 h after the procedure and clinical examination before discharge, both clinical and ultrasonographic examinations were performed 6 and 12 months after the procedure and yearly thereafter. Statistical analysis of our cohort was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox regression.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 86.46%. Primary patency rate was 83.1% (SE: 3.9%), 67.5% (SE: 5%), 58% (SE: 5.9%) a 48.4% (SE: 7.1%) at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. No statistically significant difference of primary patency was found between the group of claudicants and the group of patient with critical limb ischemia. Statistically significant prediction factors for primary patency were only the quality of the run off and the length of the occlusion. Limb salvage rate in our group of patients with critical limb ischemia was 80.8% at 12 months.

Conclusion

: Subintimal recanalisation is a simple and safe procedure for treatment of chronic peripheral arterial occlusions with high primary technical success rate, acceptable primary patency rate, low percentage of complications and mortality is as low as nil. Subintimal angioplasty is definitely advantageous and fast method in patients with critical limb ischemia with high possibility of limb salvage. Surgical treatment can be replaced by subintimal angioplasty in claudicants with high risk of operative treatment, without suitable autologous vein graft or where distal femoropopliteal or femorocrural bypass is needed.