固相微萃取技术及其在药物分析中的应用

固相微萃取（SPME）是基于固相萃取（SPE）技术发展起来的,为一种集萃取、浓缩、解吸、进样等功能于一体的样品前处理方法。本文简要介绍了SPME技术的历史、工作原理、萃取装置及萃取方法等方面内容,并结合萃取方法,介绍了SPME技术在溶剂残留、体内药物分析、中药分析等药物分析相关领域中的应用。     

固相微萃取技术及其在药物分析中的应用

固相微萃取(SPME)技术作为一种样品前处理方法,能够对样品中的痕量分析物进行富集,具有操作简单、高通量、有机溶剂用量少、易自动化的特点。该技术集提取、浓缩、进样于一体,大幅提高了萃取效率。该研究在介绍SPME技术的基础上,综述了近年来SPME在药物分析领域的应用,并简要探讨其局限性与发展前景,为复杂基质中的痕量组分检测提供了参考。     

固相微萃取技术及其在药物分析领域中的应用

固相微萃取是基于萃取涂层与样品之间的吸附／吸收-解吸平衡而建立起来的集进样、萃取、浓缩功能于一体的新技术。本文评述了固相微萃取技术的装置、工作原理、操作方法、影响因素及优缺点，介绍了SPME技术在药物分析中的应用近况，并且展望了这一技术的应用前景。     

固相提取新技术—微粒填料薄膜及其在生物样品分析中的应用

本文讨论了ＰＬＭ的原理，特点，并重点介绍了ＰＬＭ在生物样品分析中的浓集，净化作用。     

固相萃取技术进展及在生物药物分析中的应用

样品的预处理是生物药物分析过程中的关键环节,多数生物样品如器官、组织、血浆、尿液等必须经过适当的处理,使其符合所用测定方法如高效液相色谱、质谱等的要求,才能够进行准确的分析。常用的处理方法有液-液萃取、固相萃取及简单去蛋白     

固相萃取技术在药物分析中的应用

固相萃取技术是一种在20世纪70年代初发展起来的样品预处理分离富集技术,具有操作简单、省时,易实现自动化等优点,广泛应用在制药、食品、环境、商检、化工等领域.固相萃取技术与高效液相色谱(HPLC)或液相色谱(LC)、质谱(MS)法等分离检测手段联用,从而实现样品在线预处理,使其在组合化学、高通量筛选等药学领域的应用日益增多.简要介绍了固相萃取技术在化学药、中药及天然药物、生物药中的应用.     

固相萃取技术及其在体内药物分析中的应用

目的：了解固相萃取技术进展及应用情况。方法：从萃取机制、方法建立和萃取装置等对固相萃取技术进行综述，并对近年来该技术在体内药物分析方面的应用作了介绍。结果和结论：固相萃取技术萃取回收率高、易于自动化，能有效去除样品中的杂质等，适于生物样品的预处理。     

一种新型固相萃取技术——固相微萃取

固相微萃取技术是９０年代初新发展起来的集采样,萃取,浓集,进样于一体的分析技术,具有操作简单易行,不必使用大量有机溶剂,且易实现自动化等优点。本文对该技术的实验方法,原理及其在药物分析、环境保护等领域中的应用进行了综述。     

固相萃取技术及其在体内药物分析中的应用

本文综述了固相萃取技术(SPE)的基本原理、类型及应用条件、操作步骤,SPE技术的新进展以及在药物分析中的应用近况和发展前景。     

固相萃取技术及其在体内药物分析中的应用

目的了解固相萃取技术的新进展及其在体内药物分析中的应用情况。方法介绍固相萃取基本原理、填料种类和自动化操作等,并对该技术在体内药物分析中的应用进行综述。结果与结论固相萃取技术萃取回收率高、易于自动化,能有效去处样品中的杂质,适于体内药物分析中生物样品的预处理。     

固相微萃取技术及其在医学分析中的应用

固相微萃取 (ｓｏｌｉｄｐｈａｓｅｍｉｃｒｏ ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＳＰＭＥ)技术是加拿大Ｗａｔｅｒｌｏｏ大学Ｐａｗｌｉｓｚｙｎ研究小组 1990年首创 ,美国Ｓｕｐｅｌｃｏ公司于 1993年推出了商品化的ＳＰＭＥ装置 ,在分析化学领域引起极大的反响。该技术有别于传统的样品预处理方法[1～ 5] ,与液 液萃取技术和固液萃取技术相比 ,不再使用常规的大量高纯有毒的有机溶剂 ,而是在一根熔融的石英纤维表面涂渍各种不同的色谱固定相或吸附材料构成萃取头 ,选择性的富集痕量有机化合物。该技术装置简单、操作方便、富集效率高 ,已实现自动…     

DART-质谱及其在药物分析中的应用

介绍一种非表面接触型大气压解析/离子化质谱新技术—实时直接分析(DART)及其在药物定性、定量分析中的应用。在环境空气条件下,样品表面的化合物经中性或惰性气体(如氮气、氦气或氩气)放电产生的激发态原子瞬间脱附并离子化,以质谱或串联质谱检测。该技术无需样品预处理,或仅需要简单的样品前处理,具有抗基质干扰、无溶剂效应、分析周期短(2～3 s)、直接、原位、无损、快速和现场等特点。文中重点介绍了DART在药品鉴别、药物合成反应监测、药代动力学研究和滥用药物监测等方面的应用,并对该技术在药物分析领域中的应用前景进行了展望。     

药物滥用流行病学的定量研究和定性研究

（续２０００年第四期）４定性研究在药物滥用流行病学调查中的运用定性研究主要采用非概率抽样方法 ,根据某一研究目的 ,寻找具有某种特征的小样本人群进行调查 ,从理论上获得对研究人群的代表性 ,从而获得对某一问题或社会现象的认识。定性研究对于解决定量研究中难以解决的特殊问题 ,如认识滥用者的特殊行为 ,药物在人群中的传播过程、规律和药物滥用病因学具有重要作用。定性研究的主要方法学之一是人种学研究。“人种学”是英文“ｅｔｈｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ”一词的中文译名 ,是研究人类的起源、种族、发展、行为、生活习俗及信仰的学科。…     

pH and its applications in targeted drug delivery

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Extent and patterns of drug abuse and its associated factors in Egypt

The article provides an integrated picture of the drug abuse situation in Egypt based on a series of large scale field surveys that the authors have conducted since 1957. Apart from the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, the results of the surveys show that cannabis remains the most widely abused psycho-active substance in Egypt. Cannabis use has been known in the country for a long time. The abuse of psychotropic substances emerged as a problem during the 1970s and has remained one of the major drug problems ever since. The abuse of cocaine and heroin first emerged as a problem in the period following the First World War. It disappeared during the early 1930s, when the country was struck by an economic crisis, only to re-emerge during the 1980s. The most recent surveys show that 30 per cent of male industrial workers and 20 per cent of male students have used drugs at some time in their lives, and, among them, approximately 25 per cent have continued to do so. The respondents rank alcohol as the most frequently abused substance, followed by natural narcotics (e.g. cannabis and opiates) and psychotropic substances. The first use of alcohol and cannabis most often occurs during some social occasion or in the company of friends, while the first use of psychotropic substances is usually an effort to cope with psychological or physical discomfort, or stress-triggering situations. In general, it is the drug users, rather than the non-users, who hear about drugs, see drugs and have personal friends and relatives who themselves abuse drugs.     

肝脏灌流技术及其在药物研究中的应用进展

肝脏灌流技术在药物研究的应用已有几十年历史。与其他体外方法相比 ,肝脏灌流具有显著的优点 ,是研究药物代谢与生物转化、药物相互作用、药物对肝脏作用的理想模型 ,至今仍在药物研究中发挥重要作用。该文对该技术及其在药物研究中的应用进展进行了综述     

Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-UV confirmation of drugs of abuse in urine.

A series of six liquid chromatographic methods were developed to confirm the presence of six classes of drugs of abuse in urine. The chromatographic separations were performed with a reversed-phase C8 column, except in the case of morphine, which was separated on a normal phase column. Isocratic and gradient elutions, ion pair technique, and UV detection were employed. Sample pretreatment involved the extensive application of solid-phase extractions and liquid-liquid extractions on solid supports. The specificity and sensitivity enabled the confirmation of morphine, benzoylecgonine, THC-COOH, amphetamine, and methamphetamine, six barbiturates, and nine benzodiazepines screened positive by EMIT in urine.     

Optimized and comparative antioxidant assays and its applications in herbal and synthetic drug analysis as an antioxidants

Drug development in the recent times often relies on use of natural and synthetic drugs that are promising candidates as therapeutic agents for prevention of diseases and disorders. They possess different chemical structures with wide range of therapeutic activities. Many natural and synthetic drugs act as antioxidant agents in various metabolic processes. Increasing epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies have shown that intake of antioxidants drugs provide protection against various disorders and diseases related to oxidative stress. The factors responsible for this oxidative stress are mainly free radicals, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant drugs act as free radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating substances; Antioxidants also show inhibition of various metabolic enzymes and factors responsible for inflammation. The present paper reviews different In vitro assays for determination of antioxidant activities (Table 1). The basic assays include DDPH assay, OH Scavenging assay, Reducing activity assay, TEAC assay, FCR assay, PRTC assay, ABTS assay, FRAP assay, ORAC assay, Ferric thiocynate assay, TRAP assay, Chemiluminescence assay, NBT assay, CUPRAC Assay.     

High-content analysis for drug delivery and nanoparticle applications

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