84例肝内胆管细胞癌患者预后因素分析

背景与目的：肝内胆管细胞癌（intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC）发病率低,治疗效果不理想。本研究旨在分析可手术治疗和无法手术治疗ICC患者的预后相关因素和生存情况。方法：回顾性收集1997年1月至2007年12月在中山大学肿瘤防治中心经病理诊断并治疗的84例ICC患者的临床资料,采用Kaplan—Meier法进行单因素生存分析,用Cox模型进行多因素分析。结果：84例患者中采用手术治疗者56例（66．7％）,非手术治疗者28例（33．3％）;手术治疗者中根治性切除者27例（48．2％）,姑息性切除者29例（51．8％）。无法手术治疗患者、姑息手术治疗患者及根治性手术治疗患者的2年总生存率分别是3．1％、16．0％及49．2％．根治性切除患者的2年生存率明显高于姑息性切除患者（P〈0．01）。对手术患者进行单因素生存分析,结果显示。手术方式、病理类型、肿块大小、肿块数目、淋巴结侵犯、肝脏侵犯、门脉癌栓、术后血清白蛋白水平和术前血清CEA、CA199、TBIL、ALT、AST水平与预后相关;多因素生存分析结果显示。手术方式、病理类型和术前血清CEA、CA199、TBIL水平是手术患者的独立预后因素。未手术患者的单因素生存分析结果显示病理类型和血清CA199水平与预后相关。多因素生存分析结果显示只有病理类型为独立预后因素。化疗在手术患者组和非手术患者组均未显示生存优势（P=0．30和P=0．78）。结论：根治性切除是ICC患者获得长期生存的主要有效治疗手段。术前血清CEA、CA199、TBIL水平是手术患者重要的预后因素。     

肝内胆管细胞癌预后因素分析

Objective  

The outcome of surgical treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is poor. This study was designed to analyze prognostic factors after surgical procedure for ICCs.     

肝内淋巴上皮瘤样胆管细胞癌临床病理分析

目的:探讨肝内淋巴上皮瘤样胆管细胞癌(intrahepatic lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma,LEL-ICC)的临床、病理学特征,诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法:收集2014年至2019年厦门大学附属中山医院诊治的7例LEL-ICC患者的临床及病理资料,采用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法标记肿瘤细胞,分析其临床、病理形态学特征及预后等,并与其他疾病进行鉴别诊断。结果:7例LEL-ICC中4例女性、3例男性;平均年龄60.7(49～71)岁,其中1例因右上腹痛发现,余6例均于体检中发现。肝左、右叶均可发生,多单发,最大径13～45 mm,肉眼界限尚清,无包膜,切面灰白,质地中等。镜下肿瘤组织可向周围肝组织浸润性生长,一般多呈片巢状、条索状或单细胞样,可有不同程度的腺管分化。肿瘤细胞较大,立方形,胞界不清呈合体样,胞浆丰富、均质粉染或略嗜伊红,核圆形或卵圆形,呈空泡状,可见小核仁及核分裂像。间质伴大量成熟淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润,可形成淋巴滤泡,呈多克隆性。周围肝组织呈间质性肝炎改变。肿瘤细胞免疫组织化学CK7、CK8/18、CK19阳性,可表达C...     

Trans-arterial embolisation therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review

Background

Unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) portends a poor prognosis despite standard systemic treatments which confer minimal survival benefits and significant adverse effects. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes, complications and prognostic factors of TAE therapies using chemotherapeutic agents or radiation.

Methods

A literature search and article acquisition was conducted on PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID (MEDLINE) and EBSCOhost (EMBASE). Original articles published after January 2000 on trans-arterial therapies for unresectable ICC were selected using strict eligibility criteria. Radiological response, overall survival, progression-free survival, safety profile, and prognostic factors for overall survival were assessed. Quality appraisal and data tabulation were performed using pre-determined forms. Results were synthesized by narrative review and quantitative analysis.

Results

Twenty articles were included (n=929 patients). Thirty three percent of patients presented with extrahepatic metastases. After treatment, the average rate of complete and partial radiological response was 10% and 22.2%, respectively. Overall median survival time was 12.4 months with a median 30-day mortality and 1-year survival rate of 0.6% and 53%, respectively. Acute treatment toxicity (within 30 days) was reported in 34.9% of patients, of which 64.3% were mild to moderate in severity. The most common clinical toxicities were abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue. Multiplicity, localization and vascularity of the tumor may predict worse overall survival.

Conclusions

Trans-arterial therapies are safe and effective treatment options which should be considered routinely for unresectable ICC. Consistent and standardized methodology and data collection is required to facilitate a meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials will be valuable in the future.     

The role of minimally invasive hepatectomy for hilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review of the literature

Despite the fact laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) for cholangiocarcinoma is still limited, this systematic review addressed surgical and oncological outcomes of LLR to treat both perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Five comparative and 20 noncomparative studies were found. Regarding iCCA, LLR had lower blood loss and less need for Pringle maneuver. However, open liver resections (OLR) were performed more for major hepatectomies, with better lymphadenectomy rates and higher number of harvested lymph nodes. High heterogeneity and selection bias were suggested for iCCA studies.     

手术切除肝内胆管细胞癌预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨手术切除肝内胆管细胞癌( ICC)患者的预后影响因素.方法:回顾性分析1999-07-2009-07中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受手术切除且经病理确诊的59例ICC患者的临床病理资料.Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank法进行各组间的生存比较;Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:59例患者中R0切...     

Prognosis for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients treated with postoperative adjuvant transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization

Objective: We used meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: We performed the meta-analysis using the R 3.12 software and the quality evaluation of data using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The main outcomes were recorded as 1-year overall survival (OS), 3-year OS, 5-year OS, and hazard ratio (HR) of TACE treatment or non-TACE treatment. The heterogeneity test was performed using the Q-test based on chi-square and I² statistics. Egger's test was used to test the publication bias. The odds ratio or HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to represent the effect index. Results: Nine controlled clinical trials involving 1724 participants were included in this study; patients came mainly from China, Italy, South Korea, and Germany. In the OS meta-analysis, the 1-year and 3-year OS showed significant heterogeneity, but not the 5-year OS. TACE increased the 1-year OS (odds ratio = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.10-6.46) of the patients with ICC, but the 3- and 5-year OS rates were not significantly increased. The results had no publication bias, but the stability was weak. The HR had significant heterogeneity (I² = 0%, P= 0.54). TACE significantly decreased the HR of ICC patients (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.48-0.73). The results had no publication bias, and the stability was good. Conclusions: Treatment with TACE is effective for patients with ICC. Regular updating and further research and analysis still need to be carried out.     

肝内胆管细胞癌的治疗进展

肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)当前首选治疗手段仍为手术治疗.吉西他滨联合顺铂全身化疗方案可推荐为不可切除ICC患者的标准治疗方案.近年来新辅助治疗联合肝移植方案的提出为肝移植治疗ICC开拓了新的治疗前景.此外,放疗、介入治疗、射频消融治疗、分子靶向治疗等也是综合治疗ICC的重要组成部分.     

肝内胆管癌患者临床病理特征与变化的研究及预后分析

目的 通过对肝内胆管癌患者的临床病理特征与变化进行分析,为肝内胆管癌的预后分析提供参考.方法 选取确诊并治疗的肝内胆管癌患者126例,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,包括患者的一般资料、血液学结果、病理资料等,对数据进行统计学分析.结果 55例行根治性切除手术患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为83.8％、64.1％和59.3％,71例采用姑息放化疗患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为63.1％、35.3％和29.7％.Log-rank检验显示,不同血清CA19-9值(χ2=7.092,P=0.001)、不同手术切缘大小(χ2=5.983,P=0.015)、是否存在血管浸润(χ2=6.052,P=0.020)、是否存在远处转移(χ2=23.781,P=0.001)患者的生存率比较,差异有统计学意义.Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示,血清CA19-9与手术切缘是影响患者预后的独立因素.结论 根治性切除术是治疗肝内胆管癌最有效的外科治疗方法,血清CA19-9水平是对患者预后分析非常有价值的临床指标,而足够的手术切缘是影响预后的主要因素.     

Phenotypic diversity of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy: case series and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) represents approximately 10% of primary liver malignancies and can mimic metastatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the cytopathology files at the University of Texas Medical Branch to identify patients who were diagnosed with intrahepatic or extrahepatic CC by aspiration cytology between 1995 and 2004. Brush cytology specimens of extrahepatic CC were excluded. All diagnoses were confirmed as CC by clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings and by chart review. RESULTS: Cytopathology files from 13 patients with CC diagnosed by FNA were retrieved. The male:female ratio was 5:8, and the patients ranged in age from 29 years to 74 years (mean age, 59 years). In 12 of 13 patients, aspirates were obtained by ultrasound guidance; and, in 1 patient, computed tomography guidance was used. Three patients had aspirates only, 10 patients also had core biopsies, and 1 patient had cell block preparations. The phenotypic distribution of CC according to the World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification was 9 adenocarcinoma (intrahepatic), not otherwise specified (NOS) (69%); 2 gastric foveolar type (extrahepatic) CCs (15%); 1 intestinal type (extrahepatic) CC (8%); and 1 sarcomatous/spindle cell type (intrahepatic) CC (8%). One adenocarcinoma, NOS was well differentiated CC with bland tubular architecture, and one was pleomorphic. Ancillary histochemical and immunochemical stains were performed on 5 of 13 specimens, which included 4 core biopsies and 1 aspirate with Mucicarmine positivity (3 specimens), carcinoembryonic antigen positivity (3 specimens), and a cytokeratin 7 (CK7)-positive/CK20-negative pattern (2 specimens). The 1 sarcomatous/spindle cell type CC was chromogranin-negative and low molecular weight keratin (cell adhesion molecule 5.2)-positive, which excluded metastatic carcinoid. CONCLUSIONS: Classification of intrahepatic and extrahepatic CC in aspiration cytology specimens was achieved in a reliable manner concordant with the WHO histologic classification. Special types of CC with bland nuclear features posed a diagnostic challenge on cytologic evaluation, particularly the well differentiated CC with tubular architecture and the gastric foveolar type CC with mucin-producing tumor cells. The addition of core biopsy and/or ancillary studies, such as histochemical and immunochemical stains, were helpful in reaching the correct diagnosis.     

The role of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A review

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary tumor of the liver. The incidence and mortality of its intrahepatic form has been increasing over the past 2 decades. Currently, the only available curative treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is surgical resection. There is still no prospective evidence to support neoadjuvant systemic treatments in resectable disease, while adjuvant chemotherapy with Capecitabine is currently the only recommended systemic treatment after liver resection based on the results of randomised trial. Despite the implementation of perioperative treatments and improvements in resective surgery, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma remains a disease characterized by high incidence of recurrence and poor long-term survival. Lymph node metastases can be found in 45–65% of patients and are one of the most impacting prognostic factors after surgical resection. Preoperative imaging is not always sufficient in assessing lymph node status, thus hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy can be important to ensure precise staging in surgical patients. An increasing trend in performing lymph node dissection during liver resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has been observed in the last 20 years, although its actual efficacy compared to the potential complications remains debated. The current evidence on the prognostic role of the lymph node status, its preoperative predictability, the basis for a correct hepatic pedicle lymphadenectomy and its prognostic role in the surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are presented.     

肝再生磷酸酶-3在肝内胆管癌中的表达及其在肝内胆管癌侵袭转移中的作用

背景与目的探讨肝再生磷酸酶-3(PRL-3)在肝内胆管癌中的表达及其与肝内胆管癌侵袭转移及预后的关系,并进一步研究PRL-3在侵袭转移过程中的作用。     

Mullerian adenosarcoma (heterologous) of the cervix with sarcomatous overgrowth: a case report with review of literature

Mullerian adenosarcoma is a rare biphasic malignant neoplasm of the cervix characterized by an admixture of benign epithelial elements and a malignant sarcomatous stromal component, which may be either homologous or heterologous. An aggressive variant of adenosarcoma, mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth (MASO) is extremely rare, with only two such cases being reported in the English literature to date. In this report we present a case of MASO of uterine cervix with heterologous elements in a 15-year-old unmarried girl presenting with foul smelling menstrual bleeding and passage of fleshy masses. Because MASO with heterologous elements seems to appear at the earliest stages of reproductive lifespan in women, and have an uncertain malignant potential, gynecologists and pathologists should be aware and think about the possibility of this tumor.     

周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学表现

目的 探讨周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的１１例周围型肝内胆管细胞癌的影像学资料。术前增行超声扫描（ＢＵＳ）。１１例中,８例行ＣＴ扫描,其中４例为先平扫后增强,２例行动态双期扫描,另２例先动态后延迟扫描。１１例中有３例行ＭＲＩ扫描,常规ＳＥ序列,ＴＩ加权组（Ｔ１ＷＩ）和Ｔ２加权相（Ｔ２Ｔ１）,其中１例行动态扫描。结果 超声扫描所有病灶均呈低回声,均匀或不均匀。Ｃ     

肝内周围型胆管细胞癌的CT诊断

目的 探讨肝内周围型胆管细胞癌(IHPCC)的CT特征,以加深对IHPCC的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的34例IHPCC的CT表现.结果 34例CT平扫均表现为低密度不规则肿块,边界欠清,其中病灶内和(或)病灶周围见更低密度影27例;病灶周围肝内胆管扩张23例;肝叶萎缩9例;局部肝包膜回缩12例;28例增强扫描早期肿瘤边缘实质部分轻中度强化,其中见线样强化征12例;22例延迟扫描中18例表现出特征性的从周边到中心的向心性强化,呈"延迟强化".结论 肝内胆管细胞癌的CT表现有一定的特征性,对其与肝内其它常见病变的鉴别诊断有重要价值.