多体素氢质子磁共振波谱对颞叶癫(癎)定位作用的临床研究

目的研究多体素氢质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）对颞叶癫癎的致癎灶定位作用。方法对36例颞叶癫癎病人和15例正常人进行MRI扫描和1H-MRS成像,采样容积为8.8mm×8.8mm×8.0mm,选取海马前部相邻3个体素,取平均值,比较病侧、健侧以及对照组氮-乙酰天门氨酸（NAA）/肌酸＋胆碱复合物（Cr＋Cho）等比值的差异。并分析MRI与1H-MRS在定位致癎灶方面的差异。结果与对照组比较,病侧NAA/（Cr＋Cho）明显降低,差异具有统计学意义。MRS定位率50%,联合应用MRI与1H-MRS定位准确率可达到83.3%;MRI阴性病例中45.5%的病人MRS为阳性。结论1H-MRS可有效定位颞叶致癎灶,尤其是MRI阴性表现的颞叶癫癎。联合应用MRI与1H-MRS可提高定位致癎灶的比例。     

颞叶癫癎的病理

简明介绍颞叶癫癎的病理改变,重点介绍内侧颞叶硬化和双重病理改变,强调致癎灶、异常灶和病理灶之间的关系是揭示致癎原理的关键.     

颞叶癫(癎)与磁共振质子波谱及利物浦(癎)性发作严重程度量表的研究

目的 评价磁共振质子波谱扫描与利物浦癎性发作严重程度量表对颞叶癫癎的诊断价值。方法 采用磁共振成像和质子波谱对15例颞叶癫癎患者及15例健康志愿者进行检测，并用量表对患者做进一步评估。结果 癫癎组病侧NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值明显低于对侧以及正常组（P〈0.01），后二者比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）；病侧NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值与LSSS2.0评分分数呈显著正相关（r=0.969，P〈0.05）。结论 磁共振质子波谱较磁共振成像更能早期、准确地反映癫癎的脑损伤，LSSS2.0评分与NAA/（Cr＋Cho）比值能一致反映脑损伤的严重程度。     

磁共振质子波谱分析对颞叶癫(癇)定侧的研究

目的探讨在磁共振质子波谱分析(1HMRS)对颞叶癫疒间的定侧作用及其影响因素。方法用1.5T场强的MR成像系统1HMRS,对40例不同病程的颞叶癫疒间患者和20名正常对照者分别进行双颞叶内侧N乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)浓度测定,根据颞叶癫疒间患者两侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值进行定侧。结果NAA/(Cho Cr)值正常对照组为0.58±0.09,癫疒间组病灶侧为0.45±0.12,病灶对侧为0.51±0.10,癫疒间组两侧显著小于正常对照组(均P<0.05);24例患者1HMRS癫疒间灶定侧与EEG一致,符合率63%;病灶侧内、中、外各亚区NAA/(Cho Cr)值较正常对照组低,差异有显著性(均P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降程度与单或双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值下降及发作频率无关(P>0.05);双侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值异常者两侧EEG异常率高于单侧异常者(P<0.05);病灶侧NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关(r=-0.361,P<0.05)。结论癫疒间患者脑代谢异常弥散;1HMRS在颞叶癫疒间有定侧作用;NAA/(Cho Cr)值与病程呈负相关。     

选择性杏仁核海马切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫(癎)疗效分析

目的 探讨选择性杏仁核海马切除术对治疗颞叶内侧型癫(癎)的疗效.方法 选择颞叶脑电异常与海马硬化同侧病例10例,其中单纯部分性发作继发全身性发作2例,复杂部分性发作5例(3例继发全身性发作),全身强直-阵挛性发作3例.经颞底海马旁回入路切除杏仁核海马.结果 术后病人均恢复良好.所有病例均随访1 a以上,6例发作完全缓解(EngelⅠ、Ⅱ级,60%),2例缓解明显(Engel Ⅲ级,20%),1例轻度缓解(Engel Ⅳ级,10%),1例病人术后半年自行停药造成癫(癎)复发.结论 对伴同侧海马硬化的颞叶内侧型癫(癎)患者行选择性杏仁核海马切除术(经颞底海马旁回入路)疗效显著,可改善性发作情况.     

氢质子磁共振波谱在颞叶癫痫患者中的应用研究

目的探讨氢质子磁共振波谱在颞叶癫痫患者中应用价值。方法选取颞叶癫痫患者30例作为研究对象,30例健康志愿者为对照组。先行MRI常规平扫,而后选择感兴趣区进行H1-MRS检查。观察颞叶癫痫患者MRI平扫图像特征,从形态、信号及与邻近组织关系进行分析。比较两组患者NAA/(Cho+Cr)、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr的差异。结果 30例患者中,5例患者患侧海马体积缩小,同侧侧脑室颞角扩大;7例患者患侧海马体积略增大或无明显变化,T2FLAIR序列信号略增高;18例患者海马形态及信号未见异常,双侧侧脑室颞角对称。观察组患侧NAA/(Cho+Cr)显著低于对照组,NAA/Cr显著低于对照组,Cho/Cr显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在颞叶癫痫的诊断中,MRS可以显示NAA、Cho及Cr代谢物的变化,具有一定的应用价值。     

颞叶癫痫的核磁共振质子波谱与术后病理对照研究

目的：通过对症状明确的颞叶癫痫病人术前的核磁共振质子波与术后病理进行对照分析,评价核磁共振质子波谱分析对颞叶癫痫的诊断价值。方法：24例症状明确的颞叶癫痫病人,术前均作发作间期脑电图和／或视频脑电监测及MRI、PET检查。根据临床表现,脑电、MRI、PET等检查结果综合评估确定病侧,术前做双侧近中颞叶脑组织的核磁共振质子波谱,术中在脑电监测下切除病灶及致痫灶并送病理检查。结果：本组24例病人有19例单侧或双侧颞叶的NAA／（CR＋CHO）值低于0．6,其中13例为双侧异常,另外6例为单侧异常;双侧均不低于0．6的有5例,均有一侧至少低于对照0．07,可确定为异常,其中2例MRS检查结果与术后病理结果不相吻合。结论：颞叶癫痫病人的地脑组织核磁共振质子波谱检查异常侧与病理改变有较好的对应性,它可以无创性探测活体脑组织代谢功能的异常,MRS不仅可以发现双侧病变,而且可以指出病理改变较严重的一侧,为术前癫痫灶的定位、定侧提供可靠的依据。     

颞叶癫痫的核磁共核质子波谱与术后病理对照研究

目的通过对症状明确的颞叶癫痫病人术前的核磁共振质子波谱与术后病理进行对照分析,评价核磁共振质子波谱分析对颞叶癫痫的诊断价值.方法24例症状明确的颞叶癫痫病人,术前均作发作间期脑电图和/或视频脑电监测及MRI、PET检查.根据临床表现、脑电、MRI、PET等检查结果综合评估确定病侧,术前做双侧近中颞叶脑组织的核磁共振质子波谱,术中在脑电监测下切除病灶及致痫灶并送病理检查.结果本组24例病人有19例单侧或双侧颞叶的NAA/(CR+CHO)值低于0.6,其中13例为双侧异常,另外6例为单侧异常;双侧均不低于0.6的有5例,均有一侧至少低于对侧0.07,可确定为异常,其中2例MRS检查结果与术后病理结果不相吻合.结论颞叶癫痫病人的颞叶脑组织核磁共振质子波谱检查异常侧与病理改变有较好的对应性,它可以无创性探测活体脑组织代谢功能的异常,MRS不仅可以发现双侧病变,而且可以指出病理改变较严重的一侧,为术前癫痫灶的定位、定侧提供可靠的依据.     

颞叶内侧癫癎海马功能连接的功能磁共振成像研究

目的研究颞叶内侧癫癎患者右侧海马与全脑,尤其是默认网络功能连接的关系,探讨颞叶内侧癫癎患者默认网络异常的机制及其形成的颞叶癫癎网络。方法23例颞叶内侧癫癎患者,采用静息功能连接的功能磁共振成像,选择右侧海马作为兴趣区,获得正常对照组和颞叶内侧癫癎组受试者的脑功能连接激活图,观察其右侧海马与全脑的功能连接。结果正常对照组受试者默认网络包括海马、后扣带回和（或）楔前叶、前扣带回和（或）前额叶内侧、角回及前颞叶。颞叶内侧癫癎组患者右侧海马与默认网络的正向功能连接明显减弱,与右侧额下回、颞上回及第一运动感觉皮质下部的正向功能连接增强;与前额叶背侧、顶间沟及第一运动感觉皮质上部的负向功能连接减弱。结论在颞叶内侧癫癎患者功能连接网络中,默认网络及部分正向功能连接网络受损,提示患者存在广泛的、与海马相关的生理功能丧失;与右侧额下回、颞上回及第一感觉运动皮质下部的功能连接增强则可能与颞叶癫癎网络有关。     

海马有病损的颞叶内侧癫(癎)手术15例临床分析

目的 探讨海马有病损的颞叶内侧癫(癎)的手术价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术治疗的15例伴有海马病损颞叶内侧癫(癎)患者.均经详细了解发作症状学、附加蝶骨电极的长程视频脑电图及颅脑磁共振等检查;经正规而详尽的术前评估,行前颞叶切除术,术后随访至少半年以上.结果 术后依据Engel分级,显效(Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)占80.0％ (12/15)、好转(Ⅲ级)占20.0％(3/15)、无效(Ⅳ级)为0.0％.结论 颞叶内侧癫(癎)手术效果确切,是基层医院开展癫(癎)手术的理想选择.     

颞叶癫患者的头颅磁共振显像异常表现分析

目的对颞叶癫(TLE)患者头颅磁共振成像(MRI)异常表现进行分析,为临床诊治TLE提供参考。方法对56例TLE患者的头颅MRI异常表现进行分析总结。结果 56例TLE患者头颅MRI主要表现为海马硬化、颞叶软化灶、颞叶肿瘤、颞叶皮质萎缩等。其中,颞叶肿瘤类型多样,主要为少突胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、脑膜瘤。结论 TLE患者头颅MRI异常表现复杂多样,正确掌握其特点有助于TLE的诊治。     

Psychiatric Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Left Mesial Hippocampal Sclerosis

A 16-year-old woman was referred to us for depression and persistent suicidal and homicidal ideation. From 2010, the patient visited a neurologist due to recurrent grand mal epilepsy, auditory and visual hallucinations, episodic memory loss, and persistent depression. Upon admission, it was revealed through clinical history taking that she had suffered from chronic bullying from same-sex peers and sexual abuse, twice, from an adult male in the neighborhood when she was 10 years old. A brain magnetic resonance imaging study showed left mesial hippocampal sclerosis. The patient exhibited improvement of her psychiatric symptoms after treatment with a combination of fluoxetine (30 mg) and aripiprazole (10 mg). Children and adolescents with epilepsy experience conflicts in the family, challenges at school, stigma, and psychosocial limitations or deprivations due to their comorbid psychiatric symptoms and hence, psychiatric evaluation and early intervention is important when treating these patients.     

颞叶癫痫认知下降特点及其相关因素分析

目的:比较颞叶癫痫海马硬化者和非海马硬化者之间认知的差别,并分析颞叶癫痫患者认知下降的相关性因素。方法:收集110例颞叶癫痫患者临床资料,包括发病年龄、病程、发作情况;用修订韦氏记忆和韦氏智力量表来评价患者的记忆和智力水平;总结手术后患者的病理资料以确定患者是否伴有海马硬化。结果:伴有海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商分别为37．4±10．0,81．8±19．1;非海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商分别为42．0±8．2,88．3±13．4,伴有海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商显著低于非海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商(P值分别为0．01和0．049)。左侧起源与右侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者的语言智商分别为88．9±9．8和95．0±11．4,二者相比有显著性差异(P=0．013<0．05)。颞叶癫痫患者的总记忆商与癫痫病程呈负相关(r=-0．256,P=0．007<0．01),操作智商与癫痫发作频率呈负相关(r=-0．206,P=0．031<0．05),总智商与教育程度呈正相关(r=0．189,P=0．048<0．05)。结论:海马硬化的颞叶癫痫患者比非海马硬化的颞叶癫痫患者具有更差的长期记忆和总记忆商,左侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者比右侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者语言智商损伤更明显。颞叶癫痫患者病程越长其记忆商越差;癫痫发作越频繁其操作智商越差;教育对保护颞叶癫痫患者的智能有一定的作用。     

Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Bilateral Hippocampal Atrophy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose : We measured absolute volumes and volume differences of hippocampi in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the extent of bilateral atrophy in MTLE and to relate hippocampal volumes (HV) to outcome of temporal lobectomy.
Methods : HV and hippocampal differences (HD) were measured in 40 patients with MTLE determined by pathology of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and compared with those of age-matched controls. Results were matched with surgical outcome.
Results : Hippocampi contralateral to lobectomy (right hippocampi 2.96 ± 0.49 cm³, left 3.14 ± 0.51 cm³) were significantly smaller than those of controls (right hippocampi 3.73 ± 0.52 cm³, left 3.60 ± 0.51 cm³ but were significantly larger than hippocampi ipsilateral to lobectomy (right hippocampi 2.63 ± 0.61 cm³, 2.18 cm³) as compared across groups by analysis of variance (ANOVA: F = 27.2, p < 0. 0001). The smaller hippocampus was ipsilatera1 to lobectomy in 39 of 40 cases. Seven of 40 MTLE patients (18%) had bilateral atrophy, defined by volumes of each hippocampi 2 SD lower than control means. Surgical outcome was independent of hippocampal asymmetry and bilateral atrophy measured by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Conclusions : We determined that most patients with MTLE have some degree of bilateral, asymmetric hippocampal pathology. However, asymmetry and bilateral atrophy have no clear relation to surgical outcome.     

Correlation of Hippocampal Neuronal Density and FDG-PET in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Summary: Purpose: Interictal [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) reveals regional hypometabolism in 60–80% of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). The extent of hypometabolism generally extends beyond the epileptogenic zone. The pathophysiology underlying this widespread change is unknown. This study evaluated the relation between hippocampal neuronal loss and hypometabolism in patients with MTLE.
Methods: Forty-three patients with MTLE after anterior temporal lobectomy were included. Pathology demonstrated mesial temporal sclerosis (n = 41) or endfolium sclerosis (n = 2). Interictal FDG-PET scans were graded by visual analysis on a scale ranging from normal (grade 1) to severe (grade 5) hypometabolism. Neuronal counting was performed in the subiculum, hippocampal subfields, and dentate granular cell layer (DG). Neuronal density of patients was compared with that of seven autopsy controls. Data were compared by using Student's t tests and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Significant neuronal loss in CA1 through CA4 and DG was found in patients compared with controls. Neuronal density in the subiculum, CA1, CA4, and DG did not correlate with severity of hypometabolism. However, patients with abnormal FDG-PET had higher neuronal density in CA2 and CA3 versus patients with normal studies.
Conclusions: This study supports a previous observation that degree of FDG-PET hypometabolism does not parallel severity of hippocampal neuronal loss in MTLE.     

颞叶新皮质癫痫的手术治疗

目的 总结新皮质颞叶癫痫病人临床特征、手术方法和疗效。方法 对28例新皮质颞叶癫痫病人术前行电生理学、影像学、脑磁图(MEG)定位以及术中皮层和深部电极描记，采取病灶切除加周围皮质切除术、皮质切除术、病灶切除加多处软膜下横切术以及多处软膜下横切术进行治疗，并进行3个月～2年的随访观察。结果 28例颞叶新皮质癫痫经手术和病理证实，其中患胶质增生9例，胶质细胞瘤8例，血管畸形5例，新生儿缺氧性脑损害和外伤后脑膜脑瘢痕3例，灰质异位l例，无结构性病变2例。无手术致残和死亡。随访3～24个月后，根据Engel等人的标准分类，I级16例，Ⅱ级6例，Ⅲ级4例，Ⅳ级2例。结论 根据电生理学、影像学和MEG准确颞叶定位，采取不同术式治疗新皮质颞叶癫痫可达到良好的治疗效果。     

外科治疗颞叶继发性癫痫的临床分析

目的 探讨颞叶继发性癫痫的原因并总结手术治疗经验。方法 对我院自1994年1月至2002年12月手术治疗的26例颞叶继发性癫痫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。手术方式是在皮层脑电图(ECoG)监测下采用病灶切除、病灶周致痫皮质切除、前颞叶切除和病灶周围皮质区多处软膜下横纤维切断等多种方法的组合。结果 26例病人无手术死亡及并发症。23例病人随访3个月∽7年，症状完全消失者16例(占69．6％)，术后癫痫发作显著减少者(发作频率不到原来的25％)5例(21．7％)。术后癫痫发作减少者(发作频率不到原来的50％)2例(8．7％)。结论 多种手术方法结合治疗颞叶继发性型癫痫患者安全有效。     

MRI Lesion and Epileptogenic Focus in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Abstract: The spatial relationship between a circumscribed lesion in the temporal lobe detected by MRI and an epibptogenic focus identified by ictal depth EEG along with a correlation, of the MRI lesion with neuropath logical findings were investigated in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy but without any focal lesion on CT. Four parameters (an areal ratio of the temporal lobe against the hemisphere, area and calculated T1, T2 values of the hippocampus) were used to determine the abnormal MRI side. An agreement was reached in 67–72%, of 18 patients between the abnormal values of the hippocampus area and of calculated T1, T2 and the side of the epileptogenic focus. In 14 of 17 patients, typical hippocampus sclerosis was demonstrated in respected tissue in accordance with the MRI lesions (atrophy and/or prolonged T2 of hippocampus). These results imply: 1) MRI abnormality thus defined may, if not all, indicate the side of the epileptogenic focus, and 2) also the presence of hippocampal sclerosis. It was emphasized that the MRI lesion would be a usable instrument to explore the causal relationship of hippocampus sclerosis to a generation of epileptogenic lesions as well as for presurgical evaluation.     

颞叶癫 的EEG和MR术前定位研究

目的：探讨 ＥＥＧ、ＭＲ对颞叶癫癎（ＴＬＥ）术前定位。方法：用 ＭＲ、ＥＥＧ对 ２０例 ＴＬＥ病例进行术前定位,与术中 ＥＥＧ和术后随访结果比较。结果：２０例病例中１７例依据ＭＲ及ＥＥＧ获得定位,主要在海马区域病变１２例,前颞叶５例．另３例ＭＲ检查正常,依据多次ＥＥＧ检查获得定位,随访疗效满意。结论：ＥＥＧ是诊断ＴＬＥ的重要手段,ＭＲ可对继发性ＴＬＥ作出正确诊断,ＭＲ对海马硬化检查可协助ＥＥＧ对ＴＬＥ定位诊断。