结核性支气管狭窄的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨药物治疗不愈的结核性支气管狭窄患者的诊断及外科治疗。方法对４６例外科诊断明确的结核性支气管狭窄采用肺切除和支气管成型术。支气管成型术包括肺叶状成型术，总支气管楔形切除术及总支气管袖状切除术。结果４６例结核性支气管狭窄患者得到治愈，无残端和吻合口瘘；痰菌全部转阴；无狭窄复发。结论治疗结核性支气管狭窄肺切除是常规的治疗方法，支气管成形术是理想的手术方法     

支气管结核78例外科治疗分析

目的:介绍药物及介入治疗不愈的支气管结核的外科治疗经验。方法:对78例诊断明确的支气管内膜结核,且造成支气管狭窄或肺不张的患者进行外科治疗,术前规则抗结核治疗6个月以上,术后继续抗结核治疗9~12个月。其中全肺切除12例,肺叶切除58例,袖状肺叶切除8例。结果:78例患者均治愈,无手术死亡,无支气管胸膜瘘及结核播散。术后有2例出现支气管狭窄,经球囊扩张后,管腔通气正常。1例术后出现吻合口肉芽肿,给予冷冻治疗后治愈。随访1年以上无复发。结论:支气管结核造成支气管狭窄或肺不张,外科手术治疗是一种安全有效的方法。     

支气管内膜结核的手术治疗

对75例支气管内膜结核分别实施袖状肺叶切除21例、全肺切除10例、肺叶切除42例、支气管楔形切除2例。无手术死亡者,术后无残端瘘或狭窄者,吻合口漏1例;痰结核菌全部转阴。认为支气管内膜结核造成支气管狭窄时应及时行手术治疗;肺叶切除是常规术式,袖状肺叶切除术是最佳术式;预防支气管吻合口及残端狭窄是手术的关键。     

Prolene线连续单层周边缝合在支气管袖状成形术中的应用

对１２例肺癌患者采用Ｐｒｏｌｅｎｅ线连续单层周边缝合行支气管袖状成形术，结果术后Ｘ线胸片显示肺叶均膨胀良好。６例术后２￣６个月行纤维支气管镜检查，显示支气管粘膜光滑无吻合口狭窄及肉芽组织生长。认为此法对支气管壁损伤小，刺激轻，手术安全、可靠、易掌握，是袖状切除成形术较理想的吻合方法。     

结核性气管支气管狭窄的外科治疗

目的报告结核性气管、支气管狭窄的外科治疗经验。方法分析的３５例中气管狭窄２例，支气管狭窄３３例。全肺切除１４例，肺叶切除１３例，肺叶切除支气管成形３例，右全肺切除加气管下段部分切除２例，主支气管节段切除１例，右全肺切除加气管成形术１例，气管切开、气管下段肉芽肿摘除术１例。结果术后效果良好，无支气管胸膜瘘、支气管再狭窄和手术死亡。结论对气管、支气管结核性狭窄，将狭窄之气管、支气管连同受累肺叶一并切除并加气管或支气管成形术为首选方式。     

205例肺结核合并支气管结核的外科治疗回顾分析

目的探讨肺结核合并支气管结核的外科治疗效果和手术适应症。方法总结1973年1月至2007年底手术切除的205例肺结核合并支气管结核的临床疗效。全组肺结核包括：原发综合征3例、浸润性肺结核19例、空洞性肺结核53例、慢性纤维空洞性肺结核45例、结核瘤或干酪性肺炎48例、结核性支气管狭窄27例、毁损肺10例。按照支气管结核分型,I型30例、Ⅱ型91例、川型50例、IV型34例。结果全肺切除术15例、全肺切除+胸廓成形术（胸改术）32例、肺叶切除术106例、肺叶切除术+胸改29例、支气管袖状成形术14例,其他手术9例。全组临床治愈率93.0%,手术并发症率为11.2%,手术死亡率为0.05%。结论虽然肺结核合并支气管结核是以抗结核药物为主要治疗方法,但目前仍有部分患者需要外科治疗。手术可提高肺结核合并支气管结核的临床治愈率。     

34例支气管袖状肺叶切除治疗中心型肺癌的临床分析

目的:探讨支气管袖状肺叶切除术治疗34例中心型肺癌的临床疗效。方法:我科自2003年1月至2010年12月,进行了34例支气管袖状肺叶切除术,右肺上叶袖状切除14例,右中下肺叶袖状切除4例,左肺上叶袖状切除10例,左肺下叶袖状切除6例。结果:全组无死亡病例,并发症肺部感染14.7%(5/34),心律失常11.8%(4/34)。结论:支气管袖状肺叶除术提高了中心型肺癌的手术切除率,最大限度保留健康肺组织,提高了肺癌的治愈率和长期生存率,且不合并严重术后并发症。     

肺癌外科治疗进展

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，以手术为主的综合治疗至目前仍然是最主要的治疗方法，随着人类文明和现代科学技术的发展．肺癌外科治疗理论和技术亦不断发展和更新．尤其是近年来将心血管外科理论和血管外科技术应用于肺癌的外科治疗，获得长足进步，使那些过去被认为是手术禁忌征的局部晚期肺癌，不但可将肿瘤完全切除，而且获得长期生存和良好的生活质量。外科方法治疗肺癌已有100余年的历史。肺癌的外科治疗从最初非解剖性的肿瘤烧灼切除，发展到了全肺切除以及肺叶、支气管袖式肺叶、支气管肺动脉袖式肺叶切除、气管隆突切除重建等多种术式。经过百余年的发展，肺癌外科治疗已顺利度过了提高切除率，降低手术死亡率及减少术后并发症发生率的阶段。目前。肺癌的外科治疗技术已日臻完善，肺癌切除的手术死亡率已降至2％以下，术后5年生存率达40％～60％左右。     

老年人肺癌外科治疗596例临床分析

目的 对老年肺癌患者外科治疗的方法、结果和特殊性进行探讨。 方法 ５９６例均在双腔支气管插管静脉复合麻醉下分别行不同术式的手术治疗，对手术方式、并发症、病理类型、术后生存率和老年患者特点等资料进行统计分析。 结果 手术切除率８７．６％，手术死亡率２．４％，术后并发症发生率１０．１％。随访率９０．３％。手术后３、５、１０年生存率分别为５０．８％、４０．１％、３４．４％。肺叶切除及袖式肺叶切除的生存率     

支气管、隆凸及肺血管成形术治疗中央型肺癌92例

目的总结支气管袖状、隆凸切除及支气管肺动脉双袖状成形术等手术方式治疗中央型肺癌的临床经验。方法对我院1996年1月~2010年5月间92例中央型肺癌患者施行以支气管袖状成形术为主的多种切除重建手术。其中右肺上叶支气管袖状切除术49例,左肺上叶袖状切除术14例,右肺中叶袖状切除术3例,左肺下叶袖状切除术4例,左肺支气管肺动脉双袖状成形肺叶切除术8例,右肺上叶切除合并器官隆凸切除重建3例,全肺切除合并气管隆凸切除重建术7例,主气管袖状切除4例。结果无围手术期死亡病例,平均手术时间2 h 43分,平均失血415 ml,术后肺不张7例（7/92）,声音嘶哑4例（4/92）,机械通气支持3例（3/92）。1、3、5年生存率分别为80.7%,59.6%,31.5%。结论隆凸切除、支气管袖状成形术、支气管肺动脉双袖状成形术等术式既能最大限度地切除肿瘤,又能最大限度保护了肺功能,且隆凸切除气道重建术能进一步扩大手术适应证,提高了中央型肺癌的手术切除率。     

肝癌组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达

为了解诱导型一氧化氮合酶(induce nitricoxide synthase,iNOS)在肝癌发病中的作用,用免疫组织化学方法检测了肝癌组织中iNOS的表达。32例肝癌和10例正常肝组织进行HE染色、iNOS检测。10例正常肝组织内均未见iNOS阳性信号。肝癌组织iNOS表达高于正常对照肝组织(26/32vs 0/10,x2=31.328,P<0.01)。肝癌组织和癌旁肝组织均表达iNOS(23/32vs 25/32,x2=0.333,P=0.564)。iNOS通过多种途径参与肝癌的发病。     

CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术的临床应用。方法对30例经影像检查考虑为肺部肿瘤患者，在CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术。结果30例活检中肺癌24例，转移癌2例，肺结核2例，诊断准确率93．3％（28／30），并发症很少，其中气胸2例，痰中带血3例。结论CT引导下经皮肺细针抽吸活检术定位准确，诊断率高，并发症少，操作安全，是一种可靠的肺部疾病的诊断技术。     

14q32 translocations are associated with mixed-lineage expression in childhood acute leukemia

The frequency and characteristics of childhood acute leukemia with a 14q32 translocation [other than the t(8;14)(q24;q32)] were determined in 335 cases of newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 105 cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Ten children, representing 2.3% of the entire cohort, had this abnormality (1.5% of ALL patients and 4.8% of ANLL patients). By French-American-British (FAB) criteria, 4 cases were classified as L1, 1 as L2, 2 as M1, 1 as M2, and 2 as M5. Remarkably, mixed-lineage expression was found in 6 of these 10 cases, but in only 21 of the other 430 cases without a 14q32 translocation (P less than .001). Leukemic cells from 5 of these 6 cases (4 ANLL, and 1 ALL) coexpressed CD13, a myeloid-associated antigen, and CD2, a T-cell-associated antigen; blasts from the sixth case (ALL) coexpressed CD13 and CD19, a B-lineage-associated antigen. Thus, in addition to the well-described 11q23 translocations and t(9;22), 14q32 translocations also appear to be associated with mixed lineage antigen expression. Break-points of the reciprocal chromosomes from chromosome 14 were identified in five of these cases: 1q23, 6q23-q25, 7p15, 8q11, and 12q13. Of the four mixed-lineage cases that were tested, none showed rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene. This suggests that the 14q32 breakpoint does not involve the IgH gene and that an unidentified important gene may reside on 14q32.     

先心病合并重度肺动脉高压双向分流的外科对策

目的:探讨先天性心脏病伴重度肺动脉高压双向分流的外科对策及疗效。方法:回顾分析32例患者的临床资料,其中,室间隔缺损(VSD)22例,VSD合并房间隔缺损(ASD)5例,动脉导管未闭5例。术前均有不同程度劳力后紫绀,心脏B超提示双向分流,术中测量平均肺动脉压/平均体循环压>0.85,平均0.90±0.15,采用心脏停跳手术6例,不停跳手术26例。房间隔均采用自体心包片做成单向活瓣,以减轻术后早期右心负荷。结果:早期死亡3例(9.4％,3/32)。术后早期均有明显低氧血症,呼吸机支持,平均35.26±17.59小时,无气管切开病例。随访2～86(平均23.6±17.2)月,晚期死亡2例(6.3％,2/32),顽固右心衰3例(9.4％,3/32),其余24例(75％,24/32)恢复良好。结论:先心病伴重度肺动脉高压部分双向分流的病例,采用浅低温心跳不停心内直视手术有利于心肺功能保护,术中作房间隔单向活瓣有利于其早期恢复。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术在诊治胃上皮内瘤变中的价值

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)在诊治胃上皮内瘤变(gastric intraepithelial neoplasia,GIN)中的价值。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2013年8月南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治的32例行ESD治疗的GIN患者,并比较ESD治疗前后的病理差异,总结整块病灶切除率、切除病灶直径、手术操作时间、术中术后并发症、复发率。结果 (1)完整切除率100%(32/32);切除病灶直径1.1~5.2 cm,平均(2.3±1.2)cm;从黏膜下注射至完整剥离结束时间10~75 min,平均(35.0±16.5)min;术中无穿孔发生,术中出血率12.5%(4/32),予以止血等对症治疗后好转。无迟发性出血,32例患者均完成3~12个月随访,无病变残留或复发。(2)32例GIN患者行ESD治疗,术前低级别GIN 26例,高级别GIN 6例。行ESD后病理发现26例低级别GIN中有1例黏膜内癌,3例高级别GIN;6例高级别GIN中有2例黏膜内癌,癌变发现率为9.4%(3/32),总病理升级率为18.8%(6/32)。结论 ESD治疗GIN能及时发现胃早癌,且能安全、有效地根治。     

2型糖尿病并发冠心病与基质金属蛋白酶9水平的关系

根据冠状动脉造影结果将患者分为2型糖尿病组27例、冠心病组30例、2型糖尿病合并冠心病组32例,并选取32名正常对照者,分别测定血清基质金属蛋白酶9浓度和其他临床及实验室生化指标.结果显示,基质金属蛋白酶9在2型糖尿病并发冠心病中可能起一定作用.     

黑热病32例外周淋巴细胞变化观察

目的对32例黑热病患者的外周血小淋巴细胞进行观察。方法 32例黑热病患者与32例其他不同原因发热患者对照。结果黑热病患者在早期、极期外周血小淋巴细胞≤70%者30例(93.8%),对照组2例(6.3%)。黑热病恢复期外周血小淋巴细胞比例平均升到80%,复发再度降低。结论黑热病患者小淋巴细胞比例较低,患者进入恢复期后小淋巴细胞增多。     

Del (7)(q32) is associated with a subset of small lymphocytic lymphoma with plasmacytoid features

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7, previously documented in myelodysplasias and myeloid leukemias, have also been noted in lymphoid malignancies. Of 558 karyotypically abnormal specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) serially ascertained over an 8-year period, del(7q) was identified in 24 cases, 10 of which were of the small lymphocytic (sm lym) subtype. Del(7q) was the third most common karyotypic abnormality among the cohort of 61 sm lym cases in this ascertainment. Mapping of the deletions identified a region of common deletion affecting 7q32, which was the sole karyotypic abnormality in 2 cases. Eight of the ten sm lym cases were characterized by plasmacytoid features in histologic sections of lymphoma tumors or circulating cells in the peripheral blood. The del(7)(q32) was accompanied by 14q32-associated translocations in 11 of the 14 cases with histologies other than sm lym, compared with 2 of the sm lym cases. Extranodal involvement was more frequent in the del(7)(q32) sm lym NHLs, although median survival was typical of other low-grade lymphomas. These results suggest that loss or inactivation of a putative tumor-supressor gene at 7q32 may play a role the progression of lymphomas as well as constitute an early event in the pathogenesis of lymphoplasmacytoid tumors.     

Management of chronic prostatitis in Genitourinary Medicine clinics in the United Kingdom's North Thames Region 2000

Twenty-two Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) clinics in North Thames participated in a survey of policies and case notes audit of chronic prostatitis managed within the past 2 years, compared with the UK National Guideline. For 32/33 cases notes reviewed (97%) chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CAP/CPPS) were diagnosed. Of these, 14/32 cases (44%) were following non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), 1/32 cases (3%) followed Chlamydia trachomatis infection and for 17/32 cases (53%) no predisposing cause was identified. The single case of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was caused by prostatic infection with Staphylococcus spp. All cases were prescribed antibiotics, initial follow-up appointments coinciding with completion of antibiotics. Fourteen cases (42%) were discharged following GUM clinic management; only 7 of these cases (50%) were asymptomatic, the others having residual problems. Nine cases (27%) were referred to a specialist. Ten cases (30%) defaulted follow-up appointments; 7 of these did not attend their first follow-up appointments.     

ARDS与多器官衰竭的病原谱和临床特点

报告32例ARDS/MOF患者发生的感染,其中免疫抑制宿主和老年人各占37.5％和43.8％,因感染导致MOF者占75.0％,内由原发性肺炎引起者占全部病例的53.1％;败血症为导致MOF的第二位原因。ARDS/MOF感染病原体中79.3％为条件致病菌,高度耐药的非发酵菌、肠球菌、表皮葡萄球菌尤其常见,占55.9％,特殊病原体占15.2％。有43.8％的患者发生菌群转换,转换频率为3.4。半数以上(17例)出现复合菌,发生复合菌感染者受累衰竭器官数3.8个,而单一感染者平均2.9个。死亡率81.3％,死亡者平均衰竭器官数3.5个,而痊愈者为2.5个,表明ARDS/MOF患者感染越严重,衰竭器官数越多,病死率越高。