血管内栓塞治疗在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的作用

目的：评价血管内栓塞在脑动静脉畸形治疗中的意义。方法：1999－03／2001－03采用血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形148例,其中栓塞后87例采用显微外科手术切除,9例建议行政放射外科治疗。根据Spetzler-Martin计分标准。Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级20例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级50例,Ⅴ级35例,Ⅵ级4例。治疗主要采用血管内栓塞治疗,及栓塞后显微外科切除和г－刀或X－刀治疗。结果：148例血管内栓塞治疗的脑AVM,100％闭塞33例（22．3％）,75％以上闭塞66例（44．6％）,闭塞50－75％26例（17．6％）,闭塞小于50％23例（15．5％）,栓塞后并发症4例（2．7％）。87例栓塞后接受显微外科手术切除,病灶完全切除82例（94％）,次全或大部切除5例（6％）,术后4例出现并发症（4．6％）。9例接受放射外科治疗的患,3例照射后2a随访造影显示病灶完全闭塞,无照射相关的并发症。结论：包括显微神经外科手术,血管内栓塞和放射外科在内的综合治疗是治疗脑AVM的安全、有效的手段,单纯栓塞除可治愈部分病例外,通过栓塞可使大部分AVM病灶减少,适合于手术切除和放射外科治疗,成功率高,并发症低。     

脑动静脉畸形综合治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形的治疗方法选择及综合治疗的疗效。方法 根据病灶的部位、大小及供血动脉的情况选择治疗方法。89例中血管内栓塞治疗72例；单纯手术病灶切除5例；单纯立体定向放射治疗12例；其中血管内栓塞治疗后手术切除8例，血管内栓塞治疗后行立体定向放射治疗22例。结果 血管内栓塞治疗的72例病例中(Ⅰ～Ⅴ级)100％闭塞20例，70％～90％闭塞34例，50％～60％闭塞11例，30％～40％闭塞的7例。手术切除全部病灶的13例(Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)。结论 血管内栓塞、显微手术和立体定向放射治疗都是脑动静脉畸形治疗的有效手段。血管内栓塞治疗能减少畸形血管团，降低血流量，更好地保证手术的安全和放射治疗的效果。     

血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的临床研究

目的 探讨α－氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）生物胶血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的效果及技术要点。方法 对469例脑动静脉畸形应用微导管技术,在数字减影血管造影监视下行血管内栓塞治疗。结果 成功栓塞469例脑动静脉畸形,467例痊愈,2例死亡。469例病人共行1108次栓塞,栓塞次数1－8次／例,平均2．3次。栓塞程度：100％栓塞155例,90％－100％栓塞93例,80％－90％栓塞105例,70％－80％栓塞78例,60％－70％栓塞27例,栓塞60％以下11例。栓塞后行γ-刀（或X－刀）放射治疗117例、手术切除32例。并发症有脑梗死1例,于尿激酶溶栓后恢复,脑出血4例,2例导管断裂滞留畸形团内。结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形是一种安全、可靠、有效的治疗手段。     

脑动静脉畸形治疗方法的选择——附61例分析

目的:探讨脑动静脉畸形(artenovenouis malformation,AVM)的临床表现,治疗方法的选择和手术并发症的防治.方法:总结分析近10年收治的61例脑动静脉畸形患者的临床资料.结果:显微神经外科手术治疗共50例,其中Spetzler Ⅰ～Ⅲ级患者病灶全切率为93.8%(45/48).手术后并发症为:术后一过性神经功能障碍患者占10%(5/50),较严重的神经功能障碍占10%(5/50),无手术死亡.9例行血管内栓塞治疗和/或放疗.2例观察.结论:显微外科手术是脑AVM的主要治疗方法,对于Spetz1er-Martin Ⅰ-Ⅲ级的脑AVM,要尽量争取早期手术切除,其切除率高而致残率低.Ⅳ级以上的患者应行综合治疗:外科手术、血管内栓塞和放疗.     

脑动静脉畸形治疗方法选择(附36例报告)

目的 探讨各种类型脑动静脉畸形（AVM）治疗方法的选择为临床治疗提供依据。方法 对36例脑AVM临床治疗进行回顾性分析，并结合文献复习。结果 36例脑AVM病人，手术切除9例和血管内栓塞后手术切除2例畸形血管团消失，γ-刀治疗4例，复查血管团消失或染色变淡，血管内栓塞10例和血管内栓塞后γ-刀治疗11例中栓塞〉95％4例，〉80％7例，〉50％8例。复查GOS预后分级5级25例（69．4％）；4级7例（19，4％），其中后遗头痛3例，癫痫4例；3级3例（8．3％）后遗神经功能缺失，主要为偏瘫、失语等；死亡1例（2．8％）。结论 根据脑AVM的Spetzler-Martin分级和临床类型选择合理的治疗方法可减少致残率和病死率。     

血管栓塞联合颌骨切除术治疗上颌骨动静脉畸形

目的 评价应用明胶海绵手术前辅助性血管内栓塞联合上颌骨次全切除术治疗上颌骨先天性动静脉畸形的效果。方法 对4例上颌骨和先天性动静脉畸形患者进行了栓塞加手术治疗。介入性血管内栓塞采用明胶海绵颗粒（250－500μm)，栓塞用导管4F,在日立－100数字减影X线机下完成。结果 4例患者经栓塞后造影，异常血管腔消失，栓塞后3－7天行上颌骨次全切除术，出血量明显减少，经随访两年，未发现有复发者。结论 行颌骨切除治疗上颌骨动静脉畸形，术前采用介入性血管内栓塞能有效减少术中出血，是治疗颌骨动静脉畸形的理想方法。     

12例脑动静脉畸形Onyx胶栓塞治疗的体会

目的探讨应用Onyx栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形的应用价值。方法全麻下经股动脉穿刺插管,微导管超选择插管到达病变部位后,用Onyx栓塞治疗颅内动静脉畸形12例。结果12倒脑动静脉畸形患者,共行20次栓塞治疗,畸形血管团栓塞达80％以上者6例,其中3例完全栓塞,栓塞50％-80％者4例,栓塞50％以下者2例。发生颅内出血并发症1例,脑缺血I例。经过相应处理后好转。结论Onyx是治疗脑动静脉畸形较为理想的栓塞材料,血管内栓塞是脑动静动静脉畸形综合治疗中重要的组成部分。     

复合手术在脑动静脉畸形破裂急诊手术中的应用

目的探讨复合手术在脑动静脉畸形破裂急诊手术的优越性、安全性及改善患者的预后性。方法收集2016年10月~2017年7月复合手术急诊治疗脑动静脉畸形患者共8例进行回顾性分析,均在复合手术室完成手术治疗,其中2例根据术前评估仅接受开颅切除术及术中脑血管造影,根据造影情况分次切除残余畸形团;4例接受动静脉畸形栓塞加开颅切除术,先行血管内介入栓塞,然后行动静脉畸形切除加脑内血肿清除;2例接受动静脉畸形栓塞,加脑室外引流术,术后分别于2周复查头颅MRA+MRV,6个月复查头颅CTA或DSA。结果术前GCS评分:≥8分5例,8分3例;手术中判断病灶Spetzler分级:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级1例。大部分栓塞5例(62.5%)。无手术死亡病例,未发生与造影相关并发症。无术后颅内出血、手术相关切口感染或颅内感染。随访6个月,复查DSA或CTA均证实畸形血管团完整切除6例,残余2例;术后发生偏瘫1例,失语1例;迟发性癫痫1例,脑积水1例。结论利用复合手术平台治疗脑AVM,明显节省手术时间、增加手术全切率、降低手术相关并发症,改善患者预后,提高患者生存质量,减轻社会及家庭经济负担。     

脑动静脉畸形的血管内栓塞治疗

目的 探讨微导管血管内栓塞治疗对脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的治疗价值。方法 采用微导管超选择性插管用真丝线段、NBCA、游离钨丝圈栓塞38例AVM病人。结果 病灶完全栓塞达解剖学治愈者6例；畸形血管团减少大于80％者15例；畸形血管团减少50％-80％者9例；畸形血管团减少小于50％者8例。结论 脑动静脉畸形(AVM)经导管栓塞术可成为治疗脑AVM的主要手段。     

脑动静脉畸形破裂出血的个体化治疗体会

目的：总结脑动静脉畸形（ AVM）破裂出血的个体化治疗经验。方法回顾分析64例脑AVM破裂出血患者的不同治疗方法和疗效,其中25例行显微外科手术治疗,28例行分次分期血管内栓塞治疗,11例行联合治疗（显微外科手术＋血管内栓塞或伽马刀治疗）。结果25例显微外科手术患者中, AVM全切除21例,4例AVM大部分切除（均为直接手术者）;28例血管内治疗患者中,完全栓塞病变8例,大部分栓塞15例,部分栓塞5例;11例联合治疗患者中,一期血肿清除并AVM部分切除＋二期血管内完全栓塞治疗3例;血管内栓塞后显微手术全切除4例,大部分切除1例;联合伽马刀治疗3例AVM病灶消除均在80％以上。出院GOS评分：5分30例,4分17例,3分11例,2分3例,1分3例。结论脑AVM破裂出血后应遵循个体化治疗原则,AVM破裂出血合并大量血肿急诊开颅血肿清除并视术中情况切除AVM可获得良好预后,小型AVM破裂出血合并血肿开颅血肿清除＋AVM全切除可获得根治,大型AVM破裂出血量不多可分次分期栓塞治疗,联合外科手术切除及伽马刀治疗降低再出血风险。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.