经裁剪供体肺的临床应用研究

目的 观察经裁剪供体肺用于同种异体肺移植的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析4例采用经裁剪供体肺用于同种异体肺移植的临床资料.例1供体肺部分上叶切除后施行左单肺移植并同期行右肺减容术,例2供体肺部分上叶切除后施行右单肺移植,例3供体肺双上叶部分切除后施行序贯式双肺移植,例4切除供体肺右下叶后施行序贯式双肺移植.结果 经裁剪的供体肺均能够顺利工作并渡过围手术期.例1及例2术后移植肺未出现明显并发症并生存;例3术后第5天再次出现短期漏气,经闭式引流而治愈,术后第32天死于曲霉感染导致的呼吸道大出血;例4术后恢复尚顺利,但术后2个月因重症病毒性肺炎死亡.结论 经裁剪供体肺可以用于临床肺移植.     

移植肾输尿管狭窄的诊治报告(附5例)

移植肾输尿管狭窄是肾移植术后较常见的并发症之一，如诊治不及时，可导致移植肾丧失肾功能。我院2000-09～2003-12共施行同种异体尸体肾移植术109例，其中发生输尿管狭窄5例，现报告如下。     

CTLA-4Ig对大鼠同种异体肾移植移植肾功能的影响

目的研究CTLA-4Ig对大鼠同种异体肾移植移植肾功能的影响,为CTLA-4Ig作为一种新型的生物免疫抑制剂应用于临床提供实验依据。方法以LEW大鼠作为受体,BN大鼠作为供体,建立大鼠同种异体肾移植模型。受体LEW大鼠随机分四组,每组35只:(1)对照组:术中给予等体积生理盐水;(2)CTLA-4Ig低浓度组:术中给予CTLA-4Ig 1 mg/kg;(3)CTLA-4Ig中浓度组:术中给予CTLA-4Ig 10 mg/kg;(4)CTLA-4Ig高浓度组:术中给予CTLA-4Ig 20 mg/kg。给药途径为腹腔注射。分别于实验前、术后2小时、术后4小时、术后12小时、术后24小时、术后2天及术后3天收集血液标本,检测血浆CTLA-4Ig浓度及血清肌酐水平。结果对照组大鼠血浆中未检测到明显的CTLA-4Ig。给予不同浓度的CTLA-4Ig,大鼠血浆CTLA-4Ig浓度随之变化。给予CTLA-4Ig 1 mg/kg能有效保护同种异体肾移植的移植肾功能,保护作用随着浓度增加而增加,但CTLA-4Ig 10 mg/kg时保护作用已是最大,再加大给药浓度对移植肾功能保护没有意义。结论 CTLA-4Ig能减轻排斥反应,有效保护大鼠同种异体肾移植的移植肾功能。     

选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤

目的 探讨选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的手术方法 及临床疗效.方法 2003年4月～2005年5月,对11例膝关节多发韧带损伤患者采用同种异体跟腱移植一次性手术重建修复膝关节多发韧带损伤,术后进行系统的康复.结果 全部病例均获随访,4例问卷式随访,7例门诊定期随诊,随访时间12～23个月.本组患者术后12个月进行疗效评定:优良8例,中3例.结论 选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性手术治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤,创伤小、疗程短、恢复快,是治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的良好选择.     

同种异体肌腱修复膝关节韧带损伤2年随访报道

目的探索应用同种异体肌腱修复膝关节韧带损伤的临床疗效,避免取自体肌腱造成的膝关节周围组织再损伤和并发症。方法采用经深低温冷冻加γ射线照射处理的同种异体骨-髌腱-骨移植,关节镜下修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤30例,前交叉韧带16例、后交叉韧带9例,前、后交叉韧带一期修复5例。其中1例镜下行半月板缝合,15例行半月板部分切除或完全切除,1例合并胫腓骨骨折,交锁髓内钉固定术后3周行交叉移植修复,3例合并髌骨骨折,与交叉韧带在关节镜下同时修复。结果29例患者获得2年以上随访,采用Lysholm膝关节功能评分法评估患膝手术前后的功能,术前平均36分,术后平均85分,优良率86%。客观检查,前抽屉试验阳性,术前21例,术后弱阳性2例,后抽屉试验阳性,术前14例,术后弱阳性3例,Lachman试验阳性,术前21例,术后弱阳性4例,术后遗留膝关节运动后疼痛2例,可忍受,膝关节屈曲活动受限(5°～20°)2例。其中7例术后1～2年取内固定或镜下行韧带固缩过程中,取少许异体髌腱活检,结果已全部转变为正常腱性组织。结论应用同种异体骨-髌腱-骨组织修复膝关节韧带损伤,术后通过系统的康复治疗,能有效恢复膝关节功能。     

冻干同种异体带鞘管肌腱移植的研究

目的确定经冷冻干燥处理带部分鞘管同种异体肌腱移植的可行性。方法成年双A鸡随机分为3组．A组为带全鞘肌腱移植组；B组为带部分鞘（保留A2-A4滑车）肌腱移植组；C组为不带鞘（裸腱）肌腱移植组。从术后2周到术后8周，经大体、生物力学测试等方法观测移植肌腱的愈合能力，粘连情况，滑动功能及应力学指标。结果带部分鞘移植肌腱愈合较快，肌腱强度高，粘连较轻；带全鞘的移植肌腱肌腱愈合强度较小；不带鞘的异体移植肌腱和周围组织粘连较重。结论带部分鞘移植肌腱可作为手部Ⅱ区屈指肌腱及鞘管缺损良好的生物修复材料。     

带监测皮岛的组合腓骨移植修复下肢长段骨缺损

目的 探讨带监测皮岛的组合腓骨移植修复下肢长段骨缺损的临床疗效.方法 将带监测皮岛的腓骨做如下改进组合移植以修复股骨及胫骨长段骨缺损:(1)带监测皮岛的腓骨中段折断成双腓骨移植9例(双腓骨组).(2)带监测皮岛的腓骨捆绑同种异体骨移植12例(腓骨捆绑组).骨缺损长度8.1～19.0 cm,平均(14.4±3.6)cm;移植腓骨长度17.0～27.0 cm,平均(19.3±2.6)cm.术后1周内连续观察监测皮岛的颜色、温度、弹性、毛细血管充盈等指标,定期影像学检查、评价组合腓骨移植愈合情况.结果 术后1例监测皮岛显示血管危象可能,经手术探查取出吻合口静脉血栓后,监测皮岛成活.双腓骨组术后随访32-108个月,平均(61.3±23.9)个月,X线显示平均(6.0±0.7)个月双腓骨与宿主骨间达到愈合,双腓骨可见增粗、塑形、无折断.腓骨捆绑组中,除1例术后局部渗液取出部分异体骨外,其余11例随访7～62个月,平均(25.3±14.1)个月,X线显示平均(9.2±0.9)个月复合移植体与宿主骨均愈合,无再骨折发生.结论 带监测皮岛的组合腓骨移植是修复重建下肢长段骨缺损的良好方法.     

选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤

目的探讨选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的手术方法及临床疗效。方法2003年4月～2005年5月，对11例膝关节多发韧带损伤患者采用同种异体跟腱移植一次性手术重建修复膝关节多发韧带损伤，术后进行系统的康复。结果全部病例均获随访，4例问卷式随访，7例门诊定期随诊，随访时间12～23个月。本组患者术后12个月进行疗效评定：优良8例，中3例。结论选用同种异体肌腱移植一次性手术治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤，创伤小、疗程短、恢复快，是治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的良好选择。     

营养支持在7例肾移植术中的应用

临床资料1　一般资料　 1997～ 2 0 0 0年 ,我院实施肾移植手术 7例。同种异体尸肾移植 6例 ,同种异体活体肾移植 1例。其中男 6例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 2 4～ 4 6岁 ,平均 38岁 ,术后营养支持 32～ 4 7天 ,平均 34天。2　方法　本组均为尿毒症终末期患者 ,血液透析持续 3个月以上 ,淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验低于 10 %。移植前水、电解质失衡初步纠正 ,营养状况、贫血程度有所改善 ,基本可承受手术 ,观察移植前与术后 1月的营养指标的变化。3　术后营养支持原则3 1　术后 1～ 2天由于手术、麻醉、肠蠕动未恢复正常 ,进食可致腹胀 ,暂禁食 ,人体所需…     

造血干细胞移植受者肺部真菌感染的研究进展

随着医学的发展,造血干细胞移植(HSCT)越来越多地用于治疗多种血液系统疾病和非血液系统恶性肿瘤等.同基因和异基因HSCT成为化疗以外的另一重要治疗手段~[1-3].在全球从1970～2001年有78 022例异体移植登记,从1981～2001年有>69 000例自体移植登记~([4-6]),近年来这些数字更是成倍增长.HSCT受者肺部感染,特别是肺部真菌感染越来越成为临床的难题.     

A fatal rheumatoid pneumonitis following surgery for lung cancer]

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our division because of an abnormal mass with a diffuse reticular shadow seen on chest roentgenogram. A right upper lobectomy was performed after the diagnosis of lung cancer. From the 18th postoperative day he complained of dyspnea, which was caused by the exacerbation of rheumatoid pneumonitis based on rheumatoid arthritis, and died on the 44th postoperative day. The course of illness and clinicopathological analysis of this case is described in this paper.     

Lung transplantation with the aid of living donors

In certain centres, following the practice in liver and kidney transplantation, lung transplantation programmes have been set up in which two healthy living donors undergo removal of the right lower lobe and the left lower lobe, respectively, which are then implanted bilaterally in the recipient in place of the usual whole right and left post-mortem lungs: 'living donor lobar lung transplantation'. The relatively high morbidity in the donors and the complicated procedure constitute obstacles to worldwide application. Besides medical problems, the procedure also raises ethical questions. Whether living donor lobar lung transplantation should also be applied in the Netherlands can only be answered following a broad public, ethical and medical discussion. In the meantime, the lung transplant centres may analyse the prerequisites and make the necessary preparations.     

The first 12 years of Hungarian lung transplantation

12 years have passed since the first Hungarian patient went through lung transplantation. A small but dedicated group of clinicians work to make lung transplantation an easily accessible, accepted therapy for Hungarian patients. Transplantation is recommended for patients suffering from end stage vascular or parenchymal diseases of the lung after conservative therapies are proven unsuccessful. Lung transplantation as a surgical intervention is currently not available in Hungary. In the past 12 years 64 Hungarian patients were transplanted at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, in Austria by the Vienna Lung Transplant Group led by Prof. Walter Klepetko. Our patients went through lung transplantation for the following indications: cystic fibrosis (22), idiopathic lung fibrosis (18), primer pulmonary hypertonia (8), lymphangioleimyomatosis (5), emphysema (4) and other (7). The 64 patients altogether went through 68 transplantation procedures. In 4 cases re-transplantation was necessary. The surgery techniques employed were as follows: bilateral lung transplantation (33), bilateral lobar transplantation (18), single lung transplantation (13), heart-lung transplantation (2) and split-lung transplantation (2). Bilateral living-donor lung lobar transplantation was performed in one case. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 33.3 years (between age 14 and 58). 48 of the 64 patients are still alive.     

高分辨率CT对周围型小肺鳞癌的诊断价值

目的研究多层螺旋高分辨率CT（HRCT）对直径小于2cm的周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法选取从2006年8月～2008年6月诊断为肺癌，并经病理证实的29例病灶直径不到2cm的周围型肺鳞癌患者资料进行分析，其中男24例，女5例。年龄在45～87岁之间（平均60．6岁）。其中位于右肺上叶的12例，右肺中叶的2例，右肺下叶的4例，左肺上叶的8例，左肺下叶的3例。在这些病例中有15例为中分化，14例为重度分化。结果HRCT病灶无1例钙化（0％），空洞形成1例（3．4％），空气支气管征5例（17．2％），毛玻璃高密度影1例（3．4％），毛刺8例（27．6％），分叶8例（27．6％），边界不规则19例（65．5％），胸膜凹陷14例（48．3％），周围肺气肿19例（65．5％）见图1—3，卫星灶1例（3．4％）。结论高分辨螺旋CT（HRCT）能够清晰显示直径小于2cm周围型肺癌的形态，在周围型鳞癌的诊断中有重要价值。     

Association of lung cancer and airway particle concentration

Using 15 autopsy lungs containing nonresected lung cancers, we evaluated the exogenous mineral particle content of the upper and lower lobe parenchyma and of the upper and lower lobe bronchial mucosa. The bronchial mucosa from the lobe with the cancer was found to contain about three times the median mineral particle load of the bronchial mucosa from the lobe without the cancer, a statistically significant difference. No such difference was seen for mineral content of the parenchyma. This observation suggests that mineral particle deposition or accumulation in the bronchial mucosa may be related to respiratory carcinogenesis.     

The distribution of amosite asbestos in the periphery of the normal human lung

Although theoretical models and experiments on animals exist that predict the distribution of asbestos fibres in the lung, there are few studies in man that relate to this question and they have generated contradictory results. To examine this distribution analytical electron microscopy was employed to determine the amosite fibre concentration, size, surface area, and mass in 29 circumferential sites around the periphery of a mid-sagittal slice from nine morphologically normal left lungs of heavily exposed shipyard workers and insulators. Fibre concentrations were heaviest in the apical segment of the upper lobe, and low concentrations were seen in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe. Overall, the upper lung zones had significantly greater concentrations than the lower lung zones. Fibre length was shortest in the anterior portion of the upper lobe, greater in the lingula, and greatest in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe; fibre length overall was significantly greater in the lower compared with the upper zones. Aspect ratio followed a similar pattern. Distinct geographic runs of high or low concentrations and long or short lengths and aspect ratios were present. No consistent distribution patterns for fibre width, surface area, or mass were found. It is concluded that: (1) in the periphery of the normal lung, concentration of amosite fibres is greatest in the apex and least in the peripheral lower lobe. This distribution is the opposite of what would be expected from the known distribution of asbestosis (peripheral lower zone); nor does it correlate with bronchial pathlength or branch number, contrary to predictions from studies on animals and theoretical models; (2) fibre length and related parameters show a distribution opposite to that of fibre concentration and again do not correlate with theoretical predictions.     

The distribution of amosite asbestos in the periphery of the normal human lung.

Although theoretical models and experiments on animals exist that predict the distribution of asbestos fibres in the lung, there are few studies in man that relate to this question and they have generated contradictory results. To examine this distribution analytical electron microscopy was employed to determine the amosite fibre concentration, size, surface area, and mass in 29 circumferential sites around the periphery of a mid-sagittal slice from nine morphologically normal left lungs of heavily exposed shipyard workers and insulators. Fibre concentrations were heaviest in the apical segment of the upper lobe, and low concentrations were seen in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe. Overall, the upper lung zones had significantly greater concentrations than the lower lung zones. Fibre length was shortest in the anterior portion of the upper lobe, greater in the lingula, and greatest in the posterior basal portion of the lower lobe; fibre length overall was significantly greater in the lower compared with the upper zones. Aspect ratio followed a similar pattern. Distinct geographic runs of high or low concentrations and long or short lengths and aspect ratios were present. No consistent distribution patterns for fibre width, surface area, or mass were found. It is concluded that: (1) in the periphery of the normal lung, concentration of amosite fibres is greatest in the apex and least in the peripheral lower lobe. This distribution is the opposite of what would be expected from the known distribution of asbestosis (peripheral lower zone); nor does it correlate with bronchial pathlength or branch number, contrary to predictions from studies on animals and theoretical models; (2) fibre length and related parameters show a distribution opposite to that of fibre concentration and again do not correlate with theoretical predictions.     

支气管肺血管成形重建治疗中叶肺癌

目的：探讨中叶肺癌最大限度保留健肺的手术方法。方法：1994年6月至1999年8月，对16例中叶肺癌分别采取了中叶切除加气管楔形切除12例，其中6例伴肺动脉部分切除，2例肺动脉袖式切除；另3例行中叶切除加支气管袖式切除，其中1例伴肺动脉部分切除；另1例行中下叶切除、肺上静脉与肺下静脉重建。结果：16例手术全部获得成功。1年生存率88％，3年生存率50％。结论：中叶肺癌采用支气管肺血管成形重建术，既最大限度切除病变，又充分保留健肺，扩大了手术适应症。     

A human case of pulmonary dirofilariasis suspected to be lung cancer

A 50-year-old man in Kitakyushu City visited a hospital for evaluation of an opacity in a routine chest X-ray film. After examinations by bronchoscopy and chest roentgenography, a clear coin lesion was found in the middle lobe of the right lung and was suspected to be a lung cancer. A right thoracotomy was performed to remove it. The lesion (10.6 X 9.8 mm) was a well-defined ellipsoid granuloma due to a foreign body with a central zone of necrosis surrounded entirely by a fibrous wall. In a cross section of the dissected granuloma two degenerated worm-like structures were revealed. The sections of the worm (216-240 X 296 mu m at the greatest diameter) had at least a 3-layered cuticle and prominent internal longitudinal cuticular ridges but no external cuticular ridges. The lateral chords were as high as the muscle layer which consisted of abundant somatic muscle (more than 30 muscle cells/quadrant). Judging from these morphological characteristics, the pulmonary granulomatosis was diagnosed to be due to an immature dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis. This identification was further supported by results from immunological methods. The present case is the 56th human case of dirofilariasis (the 39th as a pulmonary case only) in Japan.