Effects of augmentation of liver regeneration recombinant plasmid on rat hepatic fibrosis

AIM: To investigate the effects of eukaryotic expression of plasmid on augmentation of liver regeneration (ALR) in rat hepatic fibrosis and to explore their mechanisms. METHODS: Ten rats were randomly selected from 50 Wistar rats as normal control group. The rest were administered intraperitoneally with porcine serum twice weekly. After 8 wk, they were randomly divided into: model control group, colchicine group (Col), first ALR group (ALR1), second ALR group (ALR2). Then colchicine ALR recombinant plasmid were used to treat them respectively. At the end of the 4th wk, rats were killed. Serum indicators were detected and histopathological changes were graded. Expression of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ, collagen and TIMP-1 were detected by immunohisto-chemistry and expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was detected by semi-quantified RT-PCR. RESULTS: The histologic examination showed that the degree of the rat hepatic fibrosis in two ALR groups was lower than those in model control group. Compared with model group, ALR significantly reduced the serum levels of ALT, AST, HA, LN, PCIII and IV (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that expression of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ, collagen and TIMP-1 in two ALR groups was ameliorated dramatically compared with model group (I collagen: 6.94±1.42,5.80±1.66 and 10.83±3.58 in ALR1, ALR2 and model groups, respectively; Ⅲ collagen: 7.18±1.95, 4.50±1.67 and 10.25±2.61, respectively; TIMP-1: 0.39±0.05,0.20±0.06 and 0.53±0.12, respectively,P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression level of TIMP-1 mRNA in the liver tissues was markedly decreased in two ALR groups compared with model group (TIMP-1 mRNA/β-actin: 0.89±0.08, 0.65±0.11 and 1.36±0.11 in ALR1, ALR2 and model groups respectively, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: ALR recombinant plasmid has beneficial effects on rat hepatic fibrosis by enhancing regeneration of injured liver cells and inhibiting TIMP-1 expressions.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子A1在真核细胞中的表达及对细胞抗砷性的影响

Objective To examine the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)in eukaryotie cells and the effect of arsenic resistance after the transfection of eukaryotic expression vector containing ABCA1 gene.Methods HeLa cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmid by lipofectaonmine 2000 (recombinant plasmid group),empty plasmid and untransfected HeLa cell as the control group.The level of the mRNA was examined by real-time PCR,and the expression of ABCA1 protein wag examined by Western blot,the change of cell survival rate was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)after exposure in a series of arsenic [0(contro1),4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol/L]for 48 hours.Results Expression level of ABCA1 mRNA in recombinant plasmid,empty plasmid and untransfeeted groups was(2.09±0.08)×10-4,(0.09±0.02)×10-4,(0.08±0.02)×10-4,there was a significant difference between the groups(F=1499.23,P<0.01).The level of ABCA1 mRNA in recombinant plasmid group was higher than empty plasmid and untransfected group(all P<0.01).Western blot showed that specific protein straps existed at 254×103 in all the three groups,with a similar size to the ABCA1 protein.The amount of the recombinant plasmid group was higher than the other two groups.MTT shows that arsenic concentration at 4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol/L,the survival rates of recombinant plasmid group was(94.8±0.9)%,(86.5 ± 2.6)%, (77.8 ± 2.0)%, (56.0 ± 2.0)%, (23.8 ± 1.7)%, (18.6 ± 0.6)%, higher than that of empty plasmid group[ (85.3 ± 1.1)%, (78.7 ± 0.6)%, (67.8 ± 2.4)%, (43.2 ± 1.5)%, (14.5 ± 1.3)%, (8.0 ± 0.4)%], the difference of survival rate had a statistical signifieance(t = 18.985,6.689,5.922,9.504,9.481,32.634, all P < 0.01). Conclusions ABCA1 protein is over expressed in HeLa cells after transfect ABCA1 gene. ABCA1 protein increases resistance of arsenic in HeLa cells.     

三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运子A1在真核细胞中的表达及对细胞抗砷性的影响

Objective To examine the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)in eukaryotie cells and the effect of arsenic resistance after the transfection of eukaryotic expression vector containing ABCA1 gene.Methods HeLa cells were transfected with the recombinant plasmid by lipofectaonmine 2000 (recombinant plasmid group),empty plasmid and untransfected HeLa cell as the control group.The level of the mRNA was examined by real-time PCR,and the expression of ABCA1 protein wag examined by Western blot,the change of cell survival rate was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)after exposure in a series of arsenic [0(contro1),4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol/L]for 48 hours.Results Expression level of ABCA1 mRNA in recombinant plasmid,empty plasmid and untransfeeted groups was(2.09±0.08)×10-4,(0.09±0.02)×10-4,(0.08±0.02)×10-4,there was a significant difference between the groups(F=1499.23,P<0.01).The level of ABCA1 mRNA in recombinant plasmid group was higher than empty plasmid and untransfected group(all P<0.01).Western blot showed that specific protein straps existed at 254×103 in all the three groups,with a similar size to the ABCA1 protein.The amount of the recombinant plasmid group was higher than the other two groups.MTT shows that arsenic concentration at 4,8,16,32,64,128 μmol/L,the survival rates of recombinant plasmid group was(94.8±0.9)%,(86.5 ± 2.6)%, (77.8 ± 2.0)%, (56.0 ± 2.0)%, (23.8 ± 1.7)%, (18.6 ± 0.6)%, higher than that of empty plasmid group[ (85.3 ± 1.1)%, (78.7 ± 0.6)%, (67.8 ± 2.4)%, (43.2 ± 1.5)%, (14.5 ± 1.3)%, (8.0 ± 0.4)%], the difference of survival rate had a statistical signifieance(t = 18.985,6.689,5.922,9.504,9.481,32.634, all P < 0.01). Conclusions ABCA1 protein is over expressed in HeLa cells after transfect ABCA1 gene. ABCA1 protein increases resistance of arsenic in HeLa cells.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对氧磷酶和氧化应激与全身炎性反应的研究

Objective To analyze the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and explore the relationship of PON1 and oxidative stress with systemic inflammation response in the acute exacerbation phase and stationary phase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum PON1 activity was measured by phenylacetate in 38 patients with COPD and 30 healthy people. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was detected by improved Hafeman method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by eolorimetry and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid colouration method. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immune turbidimetry. Results In the acute exacerbation phase, the activity of serum PON1 was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group [(98.03±42.40)×103U/L vs. (136.00±60. 50)×103U/L, t=4.962, P<0.01], and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r= - 0. 589, P<0.01) and positively related to FEV1% (r= 0. 434, P<0. 05). The activity of GSH-Px was negatively related to the IL-6 level (r=-0. 362, P< 0. 05). In the stationary phase of COPD group, the activity of serum PON1 had no statistical difference compared with control group[(131.50±53.65))×103U/L vs. (136. 00±60.50)×103U/ L, t=2. 457, P>0. 053, and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r=-0. 563, P<0.05). Conclusions Serum PON1 activity is significantly decreased in acute exacerbation phase of COPD group compared with control group and it is positively related to FEV1%. The oxidative stress is closely related to systemic inflammation response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对氧磷酶和氧化应激与全身炎性反应的研究

Objective To analyze the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and explore the relationship of PON1 and oxidative stress with systemic inflammation response in the acute exacerbation phase and stationary phase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum PON1 activity was measured by phenylacetate in 38 patients with COPD and 30 healthy people. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was detected by improved Hafeman method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by eolorimetry and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid colouration method. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immune turbidimetry. Results In the acute exacerbation phase, the activity of serum PON1 was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group [(98.03±42.40)×103U/L vs. (136.00±60. 50)×103U/L, t=4.962, P<0.01], and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r= - 0. 589, P<0.01) and positively related to FEV1% (r= 0. 434, P<0. 05). The activity of GSH-Px was negatively related to the IL-6 level (r=-0. 362, P< 0. 05). In the stationary phase of COPD group, the activity of serum PON1 had no statistical difference compared with control group[(131.50±53.65))×103U/L vs. (136. 00±60.50)×103U/ L, t=2. 457, P>0. 053, and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r=-0. 563, P<0.05). Conclusions Serum PON1 activity is significantly decreased in acute exacerbation phase of COPD group compared with control group and it is positively related to FEV1%. The oxidative stress is closely related to systemic inflammation response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对氧磷酶和氧化应激与全身炎性反应的研究

Objective To analyze the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and explore the relationship of PON1 and oxidative stress with systemic inflammation response in the acute exacerbation phase and stationary phase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum PON1 activity was measured by phenylacetate in 38 patients with COPD and 30 healthy people. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was detected by improved Hafeman method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by eolorimetry and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid colouration method. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immune turbidimetry. Results In the acute exacerbation phase, the activity of serum PON1 was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group [(98.03±42.40)×103U/L vs. (136.00±60. 50)×103U/L, t=4.962, P<0.01], and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r= - 0. 589, P<0.01) and positively related to FEV1% (r= 0. 434, P<0. 05). The activity of GSH-Px was negatively related to the IL-6 level (r=-0. 362, P< 0. 05). In the stationary phase of COPD group, the activity of serum PON1 had no statistical difference compared with control group[(131.50±53.65))×103U/L vs. (136. 00±60.50)×103U/ L, t=2. 457, P>0. 053, and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r=-0. 563, P<0.05). Conclusions Serum PON1 activity is significantly decreased in acute exacerbation phase of COPD group compared with control group and it is positively related to FEV1%. The oxidative stress is closely related to systemic inflammation response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对氧磷酶和氧化应激与全身炎性反应的研究

Objective To analyze the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and explore the relationship of PON1 and oxidative stress with systemic inflammation response in the acute exacerbation phase and stationary phase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum PON1 activity was measured by phenylacetate in 38 patients with COPD and 30 healthy people. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was detected by improved Hafeman method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by eolorimetry and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid colouration method. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immune turbidimetry. Results In the acute exacerbation phase, the activity of serum PON1 was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group [(98.03±42.40)×103U/L vs. (136.00±60. 50)×103U/L, t=4.962, P<0.01], and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r= - 0. 589, P<0.01) and positively related to FEV1% (r= 0. 434, P<0. 05). The activity of GSH-Px was negatively related to the IL-6 level (r=-0. 362, P< 0. 05). In the stationary phase of COPD group, the activity of serum PON1 had no statistical difference compared with control group[(131.50±53.65))×103U/L vs. (136. 00±60.50)×103U/ L, t=2. 457, P>0. 053, and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r=-0. 563, P<0.05). Conclusions Serum PON1 activity is significantly decreased in acute exacerbation phase of COPD group compared with control group and it is positively related to FEV1%. The oxidative stress is closely related to systemic inflammation response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对氧磷酶和氧化应激与全身炎性反应的研究

Objective To analyze the activity of paraoxonase (PON1) and explore the relationship of PON1 and oxidative stress with systemic inflammation response in the acute exacerbation phase and stationary phase in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Serum PON1 activity was measured by phenylacetate in 38 patients with COPD and 30 healthy people. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was detected by improved Hafeman method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by eolorimetry and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured by thiobarbituric acid colouration method. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were detected by radioimmunoassay. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by immune turbidimetry. Results In the acute exacerbation phase, the activity of serum PON1 was significantly lower in COPD group than in control group [(98.03±42.40)×103U/L vs. (136.00±60. 50)×103U/L, t=4.962, P<0.01], and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r= - 0. 589, P<0.01) and positively related to FEV1% (r= 0. 434, P<0. 05). The activity of GSH-Px was negatively related to the IL-6 level (r=-0. 362, P< 0. 05). In the stationary phase of COPD group, the activity of serum PON1 had no statistical difference compared with control group[(131.50±53.65))×103U/L vs. (136. 00±60.50)×103U/ L, t=2. 457, P>0. 053, and it was negatively related to the IL-8 level (r=-0. 563, P<0.05). Conclusions Serum PON1 activity is significantly decreased in acute exacerbation phase of COPD group compared with control group and it is positively related to FEV1%. The oxidative stress is closely related to systemic inflammation response in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.     

碘过量对NOD和Balb/c鼠甲状腺TRAIL和TRAIL-sR1表达的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of iodine excess on expression of TRAIl/TRAIL-sR1 in NOD and Balb/c mice and to study the effect of TRAIl/TRAIL-sR1 on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT). Methods Both Balb/c and NOD mice were divided randomly into control and iodine excess group by feeding with water containing no NaI or 0.05% Nal. The mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks. TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The function, morphology and apoptosis of thyroids were also observed by ELISA and Tunnel stain. Results Treated by HI, enlarged follicles and flattened epithelium by accumulation of colloid were found in thyroids of both NOD and Balb/c mice. But significant lymphoid cell infiltration and local fibrosis were only found in thyroids of NOD HI group. The relative weight of thyroids of NOD mice in HI group[(104.8±14.5)mg/kg]was heavier than that of control group [(71.8±20.4)mg/kg]. The level of TT4 declined in HI group[(30.77±3.59)mmol/L]compared with control group[(36.43±2.66)mmol/L], meanwhile, the level of TSH was higher in HI group[(6.98±0.66)μg/L]than that in control group [(5.55±0.56)μg/L]. The difference being statistically significant(t=7.773,-9.526,-4.458, all P < 0.05). The relative weight of thyroids of Balb/c mice of HI group[(155.8±20.8)mg/kg]also heavier than that of control group [(105.1±22.0) mg/kg]. The level of TT4 droped in HI group [(19.75±3.32) mmoL/L]was higher than that in control group[(23.46±6.21)mmoL/L], the level of TSH in HI group[(4.14±1.71)μg/L]was higher than that in control group[(3.55±1.41)μg/L], the difference being statistically significant(t=7.554,-7.239,3.140, all P< 0.05). A great deal of apoptotie ceils observed in NOD (3.97±0.91) and Balb/c mice (1.05±0.45) by Tunnel stain were greater than control groups (0.21±0.15, 0.10±0.03), the difference being statistically significant in beth of the two species(t=-7.167,-17.772, both P < 0.05). The apoptosis index of thyroid follicular epithelium in NOD was obviously higher than Balb/c(t=-7.625, P<0.05). The level of TRAIL mRNA did not remarkably change in Balb/c between control group(0.000 59±0.000 39) and HI group(0.001 24±0.000 46, t=-1.940, P>0.05), but it increased apparently in NOD mice HI group(0.018 88±0.005 77) than that of control group(0.009 61± 0.00591, t=-2.71, P<0.05). The level of the expression of TRAIL-sR1 mRNA increased in HI groups of NOD (0.000 53±0.000 15) and Balb/c mice(0.000 42±0.000 09) than that in control groups of NOD(0.000 28± 0.000 05) and Balb/c mice (0.000 17±0.000 06) and the differences were statistically significant between the two species(t=3.050,3.990, all P<0.05). The differences of the expression of TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 mRNA between the two species were significant(t=-3.37,-4.76, all P<0.05). Conclusions Iodine excess induces colloid goiter in beth species of mice and thyroiditis in NOD mice. The increase of TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 influenced by iodine excess is one of the molecular bases of follicular epithelium apoptosis and inflammation in thyroids. Genetic factor is a key factor in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis.     

碘过量对NOD和Balb/c鼠甲状腺TRAIL和TRAIL-sR1表达的影响

Objective To investigate the influence of iodine excess on expression of TRAIl/TRAIL-sR1 in NOD and Balb/c mice and to study the effect of TRAIl/TRAIL-sR1 on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT). Methods Both Balb/c and NOD mice were divided randomly into control and iodine excess group by feeding with water containing no NaI or 0.05% Nal. The mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks. TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The function, morphology and apoptosis of thyroids were also observed by ELISA and Tunnel stain. Results Treated by HI, enlarged follicles and flattened epithelium by accumulation of colloid were found in thyroids of both NOD and Balb/c mice. But significant lymphoid cell infiltration and local fibrosis were only found in thyroids of NOD HI group. The relative weight of thyroids of NOD mice in HI group[(104.8±14.5)mg/kg]was heavier than that of control group [(71.8±20.4)mg/kg]. The level of TT4 declined in HI group[(30.77±3.59)mmol/L]compared with control group[(36.43±2.66)mmol/L], meanwhile, the level of TSH was higher in HI group[(6.98±0.66)μg/L]than that in control group [(5.55±0.56)μg/L]. The difference being statistically significant(t=7.773,-9.526,-4.458, all P < 0.05). The relative weight of thyroids of Balb/c mice of HI group[(155.8±20.8)mg/kg]also heavier than that of control group [(105.1±22.0) mg/kg]. The level of TT4 droped in HI group [(19.75±3.32) mmoL/L]was higher than that in control group[(23.46±6.21)mmoL/L], the level of TSH in HI group[(4.14±1.71)μg/L]was higher than that in control group[(3.55±1.41)μg/L], the difference being statistically significant(t=7.554,-7.239,3.140, all P< 0.05). A great deal of apoptotie ceils observed in NOD (3.97±0.91) and Balb/c mice (1.05±0.45) by Tunnel stain were greater than control groups (0.21±0.15, 0.10±0.03), the difference being statistically significant in beth of the two species(t=-7.167,-17.772, both P < 0.05). The apoptosis index of thyroid follicular epithelium in NOD was obviously higher than Balb/c(t=-7.625, P<0.05). The level of TRAIL mRNA did not remarkably change in Balb/c between control group(0.000 59±0.000 39) and HI group(0.001 24±0.000 46, t=-1.940, P>0.05), but it increased apparently in NOD mice HI group(0.018 88±0.005 77) than that of control group(0.009 61± 0.00591, t=-2.71, P<0.05). The level of the expression of TRAIL-sR1 mRNA increased in HI groups of NOD (0.000 53±0.000 15) and Balb/c mice(0.000 42±0.000 09) than that in control groups of NOD(0.000 28± 0.000 05) and Balb/c mice (0.000 17±0.000 06) and the differences were statistically significant between the two species(t=3.050,3.990, all P<0.05). The differences of the expression of TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 mRNA between the two species were significant(t=-3.37,-4.76, all P<0.05). Conclusions Iodine excess induces colloid goiter in beth species of mice and thyroiditis in NOD mice. The increase of TRAIL and TRAIL-sR1 influenced by iodine excess is one of the molecular bases of follicular epithelium apoptosis and inflammation in thyroids. Genetic factor is a key factor in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis.     

低碘膳食对大鼠脑组织同源盒基因Nkx-6.1和Nkx-6.2 mRNA表达的影响

目的 研究低碘膳食对大鼠脑组织同源盒基因Nkx-6.1、Nkx-6.2 mRNA表达的影响,探讨低碘导致脑发育迟滞的可能分子作用机制.方法 20只雌性Wistar大鼠按体质量随机分为2组:低碘组和对照组,均饲以低碘饲料(含碘量为13.66 μg/kg),分别饮用去离子水和含碘200 μg/L的碘酸钾溶液,3个月时采用化学发光免疫分析法检测大鼠血清甲状腺激素水平,然后将雌鼠与正常饲养的Wistar雄鼠进行交配,分别取孕16 d、新生期及生后20日龄仔鼠脑组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测Nkx-6.1、Nkx-6.2 mRNA的表达.结果 ①低碘组大鼠血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平[(0.89±0.20)、(0.32±0.16)nmol/L,(3.33±0.61)、(3.28±0.80)pmol/L]均明显低于对照组[(1.04±0.06)、(39.42±14.68)nmoL/L,(4.83±0.33)、(26.99±4.48)pmol,t=2.71、6.52、5.70、12.89,P<0.05或<0.01].②对照组孕16 d、新生期及20日龄仔鼠脑组织Nkx-6.1 mRNA表达水平分别为(1.90±0.23)×10-3、(1.86±0.40)×10-4、(1.11±0.27)×10-4,各日龄间比较差异有统计学意义(F=827.58,P<0.01),随着日龄增加Nkx-6.1 mRNA表达水平明显下降,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);低碘组各日龄仔鼠脑组织Nkx-6.1 mRNA表达水平分别为(1.16±0.16)×10-3、(3.44±0.49)×10-4、(3.58±0.64)×10-4,差异有统计学意义(F=297.25,P<0.01),但变化趋势与对照组不同,孕16 d表达水平最高,与新生期及20日龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);低碘组与对照组比较,孕16 d明显降低(t=10.14,P<0.01).而新生期及20日龄则明显增高(t值分别为9.69、13.81,P均<0.01).③对照组和低碘组各日龄仔鼠脑组织Nkx-6.2 mRNA表达水平分别为(1.03±0.19)×10-2、(1.33±0.10)×10-3、(8.79±0.87)×10-2和(0.31±0.03)×10-2、(1.53±0.13)×10-3、(7.51±0.86)×10-2,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F值分别为1293.02、1065.83,P均<0.01),随着日龄增加,两组表达趋势一致,20日龄最高,孕16 d次之,新生期最低;低碘组20日龄仔鼠与新生期及孕16 d比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01),对照组新生期仔鼠与孕16 d比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);低碘组与对照组比较,孕16 d及20日龄明显降低(t值分别为14.35、4.05,P均<0.01),而新生期仔鼠则明显增高(t=4.78,P<0.01).结论 同源盒基因Nkx-6.1、Nkx-6.2mRNA表达水平改变可能与低碘导致脑发育迟滞有关.     

State of knowledge of helminth fauna of freshwater fishes of Poland

A total 89 fish and lamprey species has been recorded from Polish freshwater habitats. Twenty-seven of them (30.3%) have not been surveyed for parasitic helminthes. Some of the latter fishes are either rare or not easily accessible. Other live only in specific habitats in scattered localities. An important obstacle for studying parasite faunas of some fishes may be their status on an endangered species. Among the non-surveyed fishes, are those which have been relatively recently introduced to Poland or migrated there on their own. The present paper attempts to review all hitherto not studied helminthologically fish species, their habitats, localities and current protection status.     

高血压降压治疗目标的再认识

根据传统的高血压水平的定义,1993年WHO高血压治疗指南提出血压控制目标为<140/90mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa),但是并非所有患者都必须将血压降至同一水平,而应根据患者情况进行个体化治疗。Framingham进行的一项长达10～12年的心血管事件研究发现,第5年后,正常上限血压[收缩压(SBP