Radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial flutter/tachycardia after

Background  Atrial tachycardia or flutter is common in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation to treat this arrhythmia has not been well defined in this setting. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of various symptomatic atrial arrhythmias and the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation in these patients.
Methods  Electrophysiological study and catheter ablation were performed in patients with symptomatic tachyarrhythmia. One Halo catheter with 20 poles was positioned around the tricuspid annulus of the donor right atrium, or positioned around the surgical anastomosis when it is necessary. Three quadripolar electrode catheters were inserted via the right or left femoral vein and positioned in the recipient atrium, the bundle of His position, the coronary sinus. Programmed atrial stimulation and burst pacing were performed to prove electrical conduction between the recipient and the donor atria and to induce atrial arrhythmias.
Results  Out of 55 consecutive heart transplantation patients, 6 males [(58±12) years] developed symptomatic tachycardias at a mean of (5±4) years after heart transplantation. Electrical propagation through the suture line between the recipient and the donor atrium was demonstrated during atrial flutter or during recipient atrium and donor atrium pacing in 2 patients. By mapping around the suture line, the earliest fragmented electrogram of donor atrium was assessed. This electrical connection was successfully ablated in the anterior lateral atrium in both patients.  There was no electrical propagation through the suture line in the other 4 patients. Two had typical atrial flutter in the donor atrium which was successfully ablated by completing a linear ablation between the tricuspid annulus and the inferior vena cava. Two patients had atrial tachycardia which was ablated in the anterior septal and lateral donor atrium. There were no procedure-related complications. Patients were free of recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias after a follow-up of (8±7) months.
Conclusions  Four electrophysiological mechanisms have been found to contribute to the occurrence of symptomatic supraventricular arrhythmias following heart transplantation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with atrial flutter/tachycardia is feasible and safe after heart transplantation.

     

合并心脏血管畸形的阵发性室上性心动过速的导管射频消融体会

目的回颐6种特殊类型快速心律失常的导管射频消融(RFCA)效果。方法经导管标测和射频消融。结果3例合并左上腔静脉干永存的阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT),均为左侧旁道,1次消融成功;2例二尖瓣狭窄患者为左侧旁道,行二尖瓣球囊成形术后,1次消融成功;1例合并Ebstein畸形的PSVT患者,为右侧旁道,导管消融3个月后复发,再次消融成功。结论合并心脏血管畸形的PSVT患者进行RFCA是安全、有效的。     

导管射频消融治疗房室结折返型心动过速

目的　对 34例房室结折返型心动过速 (AVNRT)患者施行射频消融术 (RFCA)。方法　采用解剖定位和标测定位相结合的方法 ,应用下位法和 (或 )后位消融慢径。结果　 32例AVNRT被根治 ,成功率 94.1% ;随访 0 .5～ 5年 ,1例复发 ,再次RFCA成功。结论　RFCA是治疗AVNRT的有效方法 ,安全可靠。     

射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速210例分析

目的评价射频消融术治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的有效性及安全性。方法对210例阵发性室上速患者采用射频消融术治疗,旁路在心室最早激动点（EVA）或心房最早激动点（EAA）消融,双径路则采用慢径改良。结果射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速的总成功率为97.1%（204/210）,其中旁道参与的心动过速119例,成功率95.0%;房室结折返性心动过速91例,消融成功率为100%。4例（1.9%）患者出现并发症。随访期间,3例（1.4%）患者复发,再次接受射频消融术获成功。结论射频消融术是治疗阵发性室上性心动过速安全及有效的治疗手段,成功率高,并发症少,复发率低。     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial flutter/tachycardia after orthotopic heart transplantation

Atrial arrhythmias are common phenomena after orthotopic heart transplantation.1,2 Atrial tachycardia or flutter originating from the donor heart is well recognized.3,4 Although it has been assumed that the recipient atrial myocardium is electrically isolated from that of the donor atrium by the atrioatrial anastomosis, some reports have demonstrated that clinical arrhythmias can arise from the recipient atrium due to the recipient-donor electrical conduction.5-15 Radiofrequency catheter ablat…     

宽QRS波心动过速的导管射频消融治疗

目的:探讨宽QRS波群心动过速(WQRST)的体表心电图(ECG)鉴别诊断价值和导管射频消融(RFCA)的安全性及有效性.方法:对10例经心内电生理(EPS)检查及RFCA治愈的WQRST患者的体表ECG(包括食管ECG)特征进行分析.结果:10例WQRST患者根据体表ECG特征术前均判断准确;除1例患者家属放弃RFCA治疗外,其余9例均消融成功.结论:体表ECG对WQRST具有重要的鉴别诊断价值.对体表ECG P波不清者辅以食管ECG将有助于鉴别诊断,RFCA是治疗WQRST安全有效的方法.     

射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速

评价射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的安全和有效性。方法：１１例房室结折返性心动过束这患者，采用下位法或中位法消融慢径。结论：ＲＦＡ治疗ＡＶＮＲＴ效果佳，方法安全可靠。／     

冠状窦口周围射频消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速

目的依据房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者冠状窦口向上扩张的研究结果,进一步探讨于冠状窦口 周围射频消融治疗ＡＶＮＲＴ的临床效果和安全性。方法对１５例ＡＶＮＲＴ患者在进行系统心内电生理检查后,进行 射频消融。此１５例病人靶点均选在冠状窦口附近,其中窦口上缘１２例,偏侧缘２例,近下缘１例。电位示小Ａ大 Ｖ,功率 １５～ ３０Ｗ,平均放电时间为（７２．０± １６．８）ｓ。结果 １２例一次放电成功,２例放电两次成功, １例三次就位放 电成功。其中９例出现交界性早搏,３例出现短暂交界性心律,３例无任何心律异常改变,无１例出现一过性或永久 性房室传导阻滞。随访３个月～１．５年均无心动过速复发。结论选择冠状窦口上缘行射频消融房室结慢径对 ＡＶＮＲＴ患者具有较佳的临床效果和较大的安全性。     

射频能量时间递增法治疗房室结折返性心动过速

目的：评估射频能量时间递增法治疗４０ 例房室结内折返性心动过速的疗效及安全性。　方法：标测到理想的慢径路靶点后,从小功率（１０～１５ Ｗ）、短时间（５～１０ ｓ）放电开始,如出现交界区早搏或交界区心律,逐渐增加放电功率（２０～２５ Ｗ）和持续时间（３０～６０ ｓ）,并密切观察房室传导阻滞的迹象和先兆。　结果：临床治愈率９７．５％ ,无一例产生严重并发症。　结论：射频能量时间递增法是一种安全、高效的治疗方法。     

房间隔缺损并发的心房颤动的治疗探讨

目的:探讨房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)并发的心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)的临床特点和治疗AF的不同方法的效果?方法:分析641例行ASD封堵术患者的AF发生率和危险因素,比较药物或者导管消融治疗AF的疗效?结果:641例ASD患者的AF发生率为4.8%,其中年龄≥40岁的AF发生率为8.4%,年龄≥60岁的患者的AF发生率高达25%?与无AF的患者相比,AF者中男性多见?年龄大?右心房平均压力高?肺动脉平均压力高?左心房内径大?左室舒张末内径大以及左室射血分数低,进一步分析发现,男性?年龄≥40岁和左房内径增大是ASD并发AF的高危因素?AF转复及维持窦性心律治疗,导管射频消融优于药物治疗?结论:ASD患者中AF的发生率高于正常人群,男性?年龄≥40岁和左房内径增大是ASD并发AF的高危因素,导管射频消融在AF转复及维持窦性心律治疗上优于药物?     

阵发性室上性心动过速合并冠心病患者的射频消融

目的　探讨阵发性室上性心动过速 (PSVT)同时并存冠心病患者射频消融的可行性。方法　对 1 0例PSVT合并冠心病患者进行导管射频消融治疗 ,其中 5例术前冠状动脉造影 ,术中加强监护 ,射频治疗尽量从较小能量开始。结果　 9例PSTV被根治 ,成功率 90 % ,无严重并发症。随访 6个月～ 2年 ,无 1例复发。结论　PSVT合并冠心病进行射频消融治疗安全有效。     

射频消融治疗高龄患者房室结折返性心动过速

目的:回顾性分析射频消融(RFCA)治疗高龄患者房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的有效性和安全性.方法:2005年1月至2008年1月阵发性房室结折返性心动过速的高龄患者21例采用射频消融治疗.结果:21例患者首次消融成功20例,消融成功率95.2%,1例术中失败患者拒绝二次手术,术后共随访9～36个月,均未复发,复发率0%.并发症发生率9.5%,1例为肺气肿患者发生少量气胸,1例放电时出现Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞(PR间期0.28 s),无死亡病例.结论:射频消融治疗高龄患者房室结折返性心动过速是有效的、安全的.     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速78例

目的：总结78例射频消融术(RRCA)治疗室上性心动过速(SVT)临床资料。方珐：应用RFCA技术治疗难治性SVT。结果：房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)52例，共54条旁路消融成功49条，成功率为90．7％。其中左侧旁路成功率(97．6％)明显高于右侧(66．6％)。房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)26例，仅1例失败，成功率为96．1％。78例总成功率为92．5％。本组无1例严重并发症。随访2～42个月，5例复发，经再次消融成功。结论：RFCA为治疗SVT安全而有效的方法，靶点标测、消融功率和时间的控制县成功的关键．     

房间隔瘤并发继发孔型房间隔缺损介入治疗的临床分析

目的评价房间隔瘤(ASA)并发继发孔型房间隔缺损(ASD)介入治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法全组13(男5,女8)例,年龄10～54(27.6±15.3)岁。经临床、X线及经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查确诊为ASA并发继发孔型ASD。TTE检查ASA均膨入右心房,ASD最大直径10～27(17.4±6.5)mm。其中单孔ASD8例,多孔ASD5例,孔间距离1～7mm者4例,9mm者1例。结果13例均一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。所用封堵器的直径为16～38(24.3±8.2)mm。5例多孔ASD,有4例置入1个封堵器直接封堵多个缺损孔,1例(两个缺损孔之间距离为9mm)分别用20mm和16mm两个封堵器封堵。术后即刻TTE检查显示13例均获完全闭合,无残余分流。3～6个月复查11例(84.6%)心脏大小恢复正常,2例(15.4%)心脏不同程度的缩小,无封堵器移位及其他并发症。结论介入治疗房间隔瘤(ASA)并发继发孔型ASD是可行、安全的,可以获得良好的封堵效果。     

三维电磁标测系统在局灶性房性心动过速导管消融中的临床应用

目的:探讨三维电磁标测系统(CARTO)在局灶性房性心动过速射频消融治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法:共对42例症状明显、发作频繁、抗心律失常药物治疗无效的局灶性房性心动过速患者,进行了CARTO激动标测下导管射频消融术,消融终点为房性心动过速终止并且药物加程序电生理刺激均不再诱发。结果:42例患者中41例手术即刻成功(97.6%),消融成功靶点分布:肺静脉来源21例(50%),二尖瓣环周围5例(11.9%),左心耳2例(4.8%)、右心耳1例(2.4%),左心房顶部1例(2.4%)、左心房后侧壁2例(4.8%),希氏旁3例(7.1%)、高右房前壁2例(4.8%)、低右房侧壁1例(2.4%)、冠状窦口2例(4.8%)、右房后壁偏间隔2例(4.8%)。除了2例股静脉血肿外无其他手术并发症发生。随访(9.95±3.9)个月,累计无房性快速心律失常率为95.2%。结论:CARTO系统激动标测指导下的局灶性房速的标测和消融安全有效,成功率高。     

射频消融治疗62例阵发性室上性心动过速

目的探讨不同类型阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的射频消融效果及临床特点.方法对行射频消融治疗的62例PSVT患者进行分析.结果消融总成功率93.5%,右侧旁道消融成功率低于左侧旁道及房室结双径路慢径消融的成功率(88.3% vs 94.5%及96.4%;P值均<0.05),总复发率6.8%,并发症发生率1.6%.结论射频消融治疗PSVT为一项安全、有效的方法,但开展早期应重视预防严重并发症.     

右室特发性室性心动过速的射频消融

目的 报道5例右室间隔特发性室性心动过速的电生理标测及射频消融治疗。方法 用7FEPT温控大头电极导管进行消融,心动过速时在右室后间隔标侧到明显提前的P电位处为消融靶点,以温控50～55℃、功率30～35W放电。3s心动过速终止,巩固放电40s,然后行常规心内电生理检查,不能诱发心动过速作为消融终点。术后口服Aspirin 0.1g/d 1个月。结果 放电消融5s内心动过速终止,巩固放电40s,消融前后体表心电图无明显改变。术后心室S1S2程序刺激,静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素后,重复上述刺激,均不能诱发心动过速,射频消融成功。随访4～22个月,无心动过速发作,无并发症出现。结论 (1)在右室后间隔也能形成类似于左室后间隔的特发性室性心动过速,在标测到明显提前的P电位处消融容易获得成功。(2)右室特发性室性心动过速在心动过速时也有典型的体表心电图特征。(3)此型室性心动过速应与束支折返性室性心动过速相鉴别。     

China＇s quality watchdog： Latest tests show infant formula milk safe

Background Radiofrequency catheter ablation （RFCA） has been established as an effective and curative therapy for ventricular tachycardia （VT） and severely symptomatic premature ventricular contraction （PVC） from the outflow tract in structurally normal hearts. This study aimed to investigate electrophysiologic characteristics and effects of RFCA for patients with idiopathic VT and symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus. Methods Characteristics of body surface electrocardiogram （ECG） and endocardiogram in a successful RFCA target were analyzed in 16 patients with idiopathic VT and symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus. Additionally, the ECG characteristics of VT or PVC were compared with those of manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White （WPW） syndrome originating from the same site of origin in 15 patients. Results Thirteen patients were successful, 2 recurrent and 1 failed. The recurrent cases underwent successful ablation the second time guided by the Ensite 3000 mapping system. In all patients with the WPW syndrome, the characteristics of QRS morphology were well matched with those of the VT and PVC that originated from corresponding sites of origin. Conclusions RFCA is an effective curative therapy for VT and There are specific characteristics in ECG and the ablation site accessory pathway＇s algorithm. symptomatic PVC originating from the valve annulus. could be located by means of the WPW syndrome     

Mechanisms of organized atrial tachycardia during catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation by stepwise approach

Background Extensive atrial fibrillation （AF） ablation is associated with an increased success rate of catheter ablation in chronic AF patients and an increased rate of atrial tachycardia （AT） during the procedure. The mechanism of these Ats varies in previous studies. Our study aimed to report the mechanism of organized AT occurring during the stepwise ablation procedure of chronic AF.Methods A prospective cohort of 86 consecutive patients who underwent an ablation procedure for chronic atrial fibrillation （CAF） was investigated. The stepwise procedure was performed in the following order： circumferential pulmonary vein ablation, complex fractionated atrial electrograms ablation, mapping and ablation of AT. The endpoint was noninducibility of AF/AT after sinus rhythm （SR） was restored or the procedure time was beyond 6 hours.Results Sixty-nine （80%） of patients converted to SR via AT. A total of 179 sustained ATs were observed in 69 patients during the procedure. There were 81% （n=145） macroreentrant ATs which included 65 perimitral circuits, 48 peritricuspid tachycardia and 32 roof dependent circuits, 12% （n=21） localized reentrant and 7% （n=13） focal ATs. Thirty （15%） patients experienced significant left atrium （LA） and LA appendage （LAA） conduction delay or dissociation in the procedure or during the follow-up period.Conclusions Most CAF patients converted to SR via ablation of organized AT occurring during the stepwise procedure. The mechanism of most of these ATs was macro-reentry.     

射频消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速17例临床分析

目的探讨射频消融(RFCA)治疗儿童室上性心动过速(SVT)的安全性及有效性。方法采用RFCA 法治疗17例SVT儿童(年龄≤14岁),男10例,女7例;年龄8-14岁,均为药物预防无效或药物不能耐受而又反复发作者。结果17例患者中,房室结双经路(AVNRT)4例、右侧房室旁路(RAP)7例、左侧房室旁路(LAP)5例,房性心动过速(AT)1例。消融成功15例,1例RAP患儿消融失败,1例AT患儿未作消融术,1例His旁旁路患儿术后2个月复发,再次消融成功。术后随访6-48个月,所有患儿均无SVT发作,未发生消融相关并发症。结论RFCA是治疗儿童顽固性SVT安全、有效的方法。