阿霉素对小鼠骨髓微核和染色体的影响

目的探讨阿霉素对小鼠骨髓微核和染色体的影响。方法将60只小鼠随机分为3组,每组20只,A组腹腔注射阿霉素溶液3mg·kg-1,B组腹腔注射阿霉素溶液5mg·kg-1,C组为对照组,腹腔注射生理盐水,均连续注射5d。染毒5d后,取小鼠骨髓进行微核实验和染色体制片,统计小鼠骨髓微核发生率和染色体畸变率。结果经阿霉素处理后的小鼠骨髓细胞,在主核附近出现1个或几个小的亮点,即为微核;骨髓细胞的染色体畸变主要表现为染色体的断裂和部分缺失。A组和B组的骨髓微核发生率和染色体畸变率与C组相比显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且B组小鼠骨髓细胞微核发生率和染色体畸变率高于A组(P<0.05),呈一定的剂量依赖关系。结论阿霉素可致小鼠微核发生率增高、染色体损伤,对小鼠有遗传毒性作用。     

明矾对玉米（Zea mays L.）根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应

目的研究明矾对玉米（Zea mays L.）根尖细胞微核及异常有丝分裂的诱导,阐明明矾对玉米根尖细胞的遗传毒性效应。方法以玉米根尖为实验材料,用不同浓度的明矾为诱变剂,处理24h,测定玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂指数、微核率和染色体畸变率。结果不同浓度明矾均能诱发较高微核率和染色体畸变率（P〈0.05）,在同样的条件下,0.1-1.0 g/L明矾处理下玉米根尖细胞微核率和染色体畸变率显著升高并达到最高值,而1.0-2.0 g/L明矾处理下玉米根尖细胞微核率和染色体畸变率下降并趋于平缓。同时在低浓度明矾作用下,玉米根尖细胞分裂有显著的加速现象。当明矾浓度到达一定程度后,表现为玉米根尖细胞分裂减少。结论明矾诱发玉米根尖细胞高微核率和有丝分裂异常,明矾对玉米根尖细胞具有明显的细胞遗传学毒性效应。     

空气中高浓度二氯乙烷对蚕豆根尖细胞遗传毒性研究

目的探讨将蚕豆根尖微核检测系统（micronucleus,MCN）应用于空气污染物致突变性检测的可行性。方法以市售蚕豆为材料,在密闭容器中模拟室内空气的高浓度二氯乙烷污染,对蚕豆进行染毒。结果随着浓度的递增,平均微核率、染色体畸变率逐步上升,有丝分裂指数有下降趋势,表现出明显的剂量效应关系。结论在实验浓度下,1,2-二氯乙烷有对蚕豆根尖细胞产生遗传毒害效应。应用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测室内高浓度1,2-二氯乙烷污染物是可行的。     

放射治疗对鼻咽癌患者遗传细胞学损伤的初步研究

目的　评价放射治疗对鼻咽癌患者遗传细胞学的损伤。方法　对 15例病例在累积照射剂量为 0、4、10、2 8、48、68Gy时采取口腔粘膜上皮脱落细胞和外周血 ,分别用微核试验检测方法及染色体畸变方法检测鼻咽癌放疗患者口腔粘膜上皮脱落细胞、外周血淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率。结果　鼻咽癌患者接受放射治疗后 ,双核淋巴细胞微核细胞数在累积照射剂量为 4Gy时就表现为明显上升 (P <0 .0 1) ,口腔粘膜上皮脱落细胞微核细胞数在累积照射剂量达到 2 8Gy时才表现出明显上升趋势 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而未分化淋巴细胞微核数与未照射前相比没有明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率在 10Gy时明显上升 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　放射治疗对鼻咽癌患者细胞有显著性遗传损伤作用。胞质分裂阻滞微核检测法和染色体畸变法是评价鼻咽癌患者遗传学损伤较为敏感的指标 ,而口腔粘膜上皮脱落细胞微核试验方法最简单 ,具有较大的应用潜力     

异丙莠对小鼠的致突变作用研究

目的 观察异丙莠对雄性小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞的致突变作用.方法 将体质量20～26 g(精子畸形实验小鼠为15～18 g)健康小鼠125只随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照组(蒸馏水)、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺)和异丙莠染毒3个剂量组(剂量分别为30.0、60.0、120.0 mg/kg),分4次腹腔注射染毒,每次间隔24 h,观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核率、外周血微核率、骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、精子畸形率以及睾丸染色体畸变率.结果 异丙莠染毒120 mg/kg剂量组骨髓微核发生率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒60、120 mg/kg剂量组外周血微核发生率和精子畸形率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒各剂量组致骨髓染色体和睾丸染色体畸变率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05).结论 异丙莠对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞均具有致突变性,具有一定的遗传毒性和生殖毒性作用.     

放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核分析

目的探讨放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核的变化。方法采用微量全血常规培养法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和微核标本。结果138名放射工作人员染色体畸变细胞率和染色体畸变均极显著高于对照组，染色体畸变类型以无着丝粒断片为主，其微核阳性检出率、微核细胞率和微核率均明显高于对照组。结论染色体畸变和微核分析，是评价慢性小剂量受射线照人员远期医学效应的重要观察指标。     

微囊藻毒素-LR对HL60细胞遗传毒作用的研究

目的探讨微囊藻毒素-LR对HL60细胞的遗传毒性效应。方法不同剂量的MCLR作用HL60细胞24h或48h后，应用彗星实验及微核实验分别检测DNA链断裂和染色体损伤情况。结果10-100μg／ml剂量的MCLR引起HL60细胞明显的DNA链断裂，染毒量与DNA链断裂之间呈现剂量-反应关系。相同剂量的MCLR还引起HL60细胞微核率升高，随着染毒剂量的增加，微核率呈增高趋势。结论MCLR可引起HL60细胞DNA和染色体损伤，具有细胞遗传毒性。     

β-胡萝卜素和VitC抗环磷酰胺诱变效应

本研究β-胡萝卜素和VitC对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的影响，观察到预先摄入足量β-胡萝卜素和／或Vit C15d能减低环磷酰胺诱发的嗜多染红细胞微核率；环磷酰胺腹腔注射后摄入足量β-胡萝卜素能促进嗜多染红细胞微核率的恢复。但Vit C对嗜多染红细胞微核率的恢复无帮助。本实验中未见β-胡萝卜素与Vit C有协同作用。     

β-胡萝卜素和VitC抗环磷酰胺诱变效应

本文研究β-胡萝卜素和VitC对环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核的影响,观察到预先摄入足量β-胡萝卜素和/或Vit C15d能减低环磷酰胺诱发的嗜多染红细胞微核率;环磷酰胺腹腔注射后摄入足量β-胡萝卜素能促进嗜多染红细胞做核率的恢复,但Vit C对嗜多染红细胞微核率的恢复元帮助。本实验中未见β-胡萝卜素与Vit C有协同作用。     

X射线诱发小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变及微核率

本实验用一次性人体胸片(0.118mGy)、胸透(4.920mGy)、胃肠检查(40.425mGy)的X射线剂量,分别一次性均匀照射小鼠,照后7小时观察骨髓细胞染色体畸变率及微核率,结果随剂量的增加染色体畸变率及微核率均增高。中期染色体畸变率与间期细胞微核率两者呈直线相关(r=0.96,P<0.05、直线回归方程为y=—0.32 1.37x)。染色体畸变类型以染色体断片为主。说明在小剂量x射线情况下,引起染色体畸变主要是断片。微核的产生主要由断片形成。所以,通过观察微核率就可得知染色体断裂情况,从而进一步得知此x射线剂量对哺乳动物及人体遗传物质的损伤程度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.