八道自动控温灸疗仪的研制

本文介绍了一种由单片微处理器控制的八道自动控温灸疗仪。该仪器由灸头、加热单元、测温单元、控制单元和显示单元等部分构成；其灸头由加热元件、测温元件构成，可外置药垫。仪器可模拟温灸、药灸、雀啄灸和温针灸等基本中医灸法，能对八个灸头独立加热和控温，具有八路的温度和时间设定、温度和时间显示以及异常报警和保护功能。     

前列腺理疗机中测控温技术

介绍了在前列腺理疗机中温度测量和温度控制的重点和难点，讨论了本系统测温和控温方案及其特点，还简单介绍了利用有限的测温信号计算其热场分布方法及其控温特点。     

间接喉镜恒温加热器

使用间接喉镜,镜面温度需高于人体体温。以往用酒精灯加热,靠手背感觉测温,温度不易掌握,且易污染喉镜。我们研制的电子恒温加热器,可在1分钟内达到恒温点(45℃或50℃),温差为±1℃。恒温器内可放置10只以上喉镜。整机功率为80W,仅重0.5kg,     

电热培养箱温控系统小改动实现了大用处

今年我校医学院病理教研室进行一项ＤＮＡ基因科研工作 ,需要使用热恒温培养箱设备。但需两种温度 (92℃的ＤＮＡ变性温度 ,72℃的ＤＮＡ复性温度 )超出了一般培养箱温度控制系统的控温范围。一般常规的电热培养箱控温区为 0℃～ 70℃ ,都不能适合此两个温度档次。为了觖决这一问题 ,笔者对上海浦东跃欣仪器厂生产的 3 0 3 - 2型培养箱进行了改进 ,将该装置的电接点式温度计 0℃～ 70℃换成 0℃～ 1 0 0℃电接点式温度计 ,经过试验能够适宜上述两种温度档次的要求 ,满足了科教工作的需求。达到了我们服务教学科研一线的目的。电热培养箱温控…     

急性发热的鉴别诊断

正常人的体温在体温调节中枢的调解下,维持人体体温在相对恒定的范围之内。口腔温度范围约为36．3℃～37．2℃,直肠内温度一般比口腔约高0．3℃～0．5℃,腋窝温度比口腔温度低0．2℃～0．4℃。     

有一种发热叫发热待查

正常成人体温一般为36～37℃左右,口腔温度（舌下测温）36．3-37．2℃,直肠温度（肛表测温）一般比口腔高0．3～0．5℃,腋窝温度比口腔温度低0．2～0．4℃。正常体温在不同个体之间略有差异,而且常受机体内外因素的影响而波动,     

三种环境条件对毛囊蠕形螨杀灭作用的实验研究

目的探讨2％甲硝唑溶液、常用消毒剂以及高温环境对人体毛囊蠕形螨的体外杀灭作用，为选择有效的灭螨方法提供可靠依据。方法采用透明胶带法获取螨虫，置于不同的条件下，观察其存活情况。结果毛囊蠕形螨在2％甲硝唑溶液中存活时间为36（12～48）h，与空白对照组27（5～56）h比较差异无统计学意义（u=-0．066，P〉0．05）。在3组消毒剂和空白对照组间，毛囊蠕形螨存活时间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=51．610，P〈0．01）。其中，毛囊蠕形螨在75％医用酒精中存活时间为0．22（0．07～0．78）h，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（u=5．6075，P〈0．01）；而毛囊蠕形螨在1％新洁尔灭中存活时间为48（12～60）h，在84消毒液（1：50）中存活时间为24（12～48）h，二者与空白对照组比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．845，P〉0．01）。在2％甲硝唑、75％医用酒精、1％新洁尔灭、84消毒液（1：50）和空白对照组间，毛囊蠕形螨12h内死亡率分别为19．05％、100．00％、12．50％、21．43％和17．24％，经χ^2检验差异有统计学意义（χ^2=60．0869，P〈0．01）。蠕形螨在45℃时，生存时间急剧缩短，由27℃时生存27h缩短为1．5h，54℃仅生存10min；当温度升至60℃时，存活时间最长不超过1min。结论2％甲硝唑溶液对毛囊蠕形螨无体外杀灭作用；3种消毒液中，只有75％医用酒精对蠕形螨有杀灭作用，1％新洁尔灭和84消毒液（1：50）对蠕形螨均无效。蠕形螨不耐高温，45℃对毛囊蠕形螨生存不利，54℃为致死温度，60℃为灭螨的最佳有效温度。因此，高温灭螨法可以作为目前既环保有效又简便快捷的方法。     

热塑型垫形变时间精细化管理在放射治疗全流程中的应用

目的 配合放射治疗热塑型垫专用烤箱,选择合适的温度控制挡位,合理掌握热塑型垫升温软化及塑形冷却时间,估算放射治疗制模时间,缩短放射治疗全流程时间,实现精细化管理。方法 提前预热烤箱,并用红外激光测温枪确定箱内达到指定温度后,分组将热塑型垫放入70、75、80、85℃状态的烤箱中,加热1 h,期间每隔5 min取出,用红外激光测温枪分别测出热塑型垫4个角(A、B、C、D)及中心(E)的温度值,然后计算该时间段5个测温点的平均温度;加热至1 h后取出,每隔5 min重复上述测温步骤,直至热塑型垫冷却至室温;将70℃组设为对照组,其余3组设为观察组,记录4种温度状态下热塑型垫的升温软化时间和降温冷却时间,并将数据代入IBM SPSS 26.0统计软件且进行各温度组间的配对样本t检验。结果 4种温度状态下,热塑型垫升温软化至可以塑形的加热时间分别为30、20、15、15 min,降温冷却至室温的时间分别为15、15、25、25 min; 70℃与75℃组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);70℃与80℃组以及70℃与85℃组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 4种烤...     

老年人发烧的家庭护理

人体有一套调节体温的自动控制系统，使人体温保持在一定范围内。用体温计测量，口腔温度36．3℃～37．2℃属正常。腋下温度比口腔温度低0．2℃～0．4℃。由于种种原因使机体受到致热物质刺激时，即可引起体温调节系统障碍导致发热。体温超过39℃称为高热。     

人体体温常识

正常温度范围人体“正常”体温一般是指口腔温度在37℃左右（±0．6℃）,而且一天中人的体温也可以上下相差0．6℃,通常是早上比较低,下午比较高。人体的体温还受到体内激素水平的调控,生育期妇女在排卵期的体温比月经期高0.6℃。不同部位测量的体温也有一些差别,肛门温度或耳温比口腔温度高0．3～0.6℃．     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.