Distribution of immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors for lectins on membranes of neurons and syngeneic peripheral lymphocytes

Common immunoregulatory carbohydrate receptors on the membranes of neurons and sysngeneic peripheral lymphocytes of mice are detected by using lectins. Brain neuron membranes possess no receptors characteristic of immature lymphocytes. The common immunoregulatory receptors on brain neurons and mononuclear cells of peripheral immune organs are shown to represent one the mechanisms of integration of the nervous and immune systems. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 155–157, February, 1994 Presented by A. P. Romodanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of immune “sessile” receptors on the choline receptors of the lymphocyte membrane in mice immunized with certain antigens

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 2, pp. 384–386, April, 1993     

Count and heterogeneity of human fetal blood lymphocytes in the course of fetal development

Blood specimens from 89 human embryos and fetuses were analyzed by immunological methods during gestation weeks 4–40. All formed elements circulate in fetal blood starting from week 13 of gestation. Lymphocytes predominate among blood leukocytes, because normally lymphocytosis is an inherent, feature of blood. T cells and their subpopulations: active T lymphocytes, Tγ lymphocytes, and theophylline-sensitive and risistant, cells are present. B lymphocytes are represented by cells with immunoglobulins M and G, zero cells, and large granular lymphocytes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126., No. 9, pp. 331–333, September, 1998     

Physicochemical properties of a mitogenetic factor from human lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin

The physiochemical properties of a mitogenetic factor (MF) secreted by human lymphocytesin vitro under the influence of phytohemagglutinin were studied. Treatment of the culture medium with proteases was shown to reduce activity of the MF sharply. On gel chromatography on Sephadex and Biogel columns all the mitogenetic activity was concentrated in fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 20,000–30,000 (peak at 25,000). On disk electrophoresis in 5% polyacrylamide gel MF migrated in the region of ₁ and ₂ globulins and transferrin and was separated into several fractions. On isoelectric focusing the MF was arranged as three fractions within the pH range 4.5–8.3. The functional heterogeneity of the MF is postulated.Belorussian Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. V. Vygodchikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 963–965, August, 1976.     

Cytogenetic anomalies in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to halogen analogs of thymidine

Allocyclic chromosomes and monochromatid breaks are observed during testing of a number of halogen analogs of thymidine. The first effect depends directly and the second inversely on the molecular weight of the analog. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 326–328, September, 1995 Presented by N. P. Bochkov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Increased interleukin-2 production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with low doses of dexamethasone

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 68–70, July, 1993.     

Role of nitric oxide in activation of human T lymphocytes induced by bacterial superantigen

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of human T cell response to bacterial superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) was studied. It was shown that stimulated T lymphocytes are the main source of NO. This superantigen markedly increased NO production and triggered the proliferative response of mononuclear cells from healthy individuals; the degree of apoptosis was low. In patients with purulent surgical diseases with high spontaneous and induced NO production, superantigen enhanced apoptosis of lymphocytes and induced anergy of T cells to enterotoxins. Increasing the concentration of NO in cultured cells from healthy individuals in the presence of NO donors also stimulated apoptosis and inhibited proliferative activity. These data suggest that NO regulates T lymphocyte response to superantigens. The increased production of NO probably contributes to the development of immunosuppression during bacterial infection. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 402–406, September, 2000     

Inhibition of IL-2-Dependent proliferation of human lymphocytes and of the expression of interleukin-2 receptors by synthetic peptide fragments of α-2 interferon

It is shown that biologically active peptides inhibit the concanavalin A-induced generation of cells which may proliferate in response to exogenous recombinant interleukin-2. Determination of the number of CD25-containing cells showed that synthetic peptides are able to lower not only the number of CD25-containing cells but the level of its expression as well. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 65–68, January, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Rosette formation by human,guinea pig,and rat lymphocytes with spermatozoa

Cells forming rosettes with homologous or heterologous spermatozoa were found in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of sexually mature guinea pigs and of 14–30-week-old human fetuses, and also in the peripheral blood of men suffering from sterility. On the development of autoimmune orchitis after measured trauma to the testis in rats or after immunization of guinea pigs with testicular tissue homogenate mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant, cells forming rosettes with spermatozoa were found to appear in the spleen and thymus of the rats, and their number in the lymphoid organs of the guinea pigs increased. These procedures had no effect on the number of cells forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells in the lymphoid organs of rats and guinea pigs. The possible use of this newly discovered ability of human and animal lymphocytes to form spontaneous and immune rosettes with spermatozoa as a means of assessing the degree of differentiation of lymphocytes and of their sensitization to spermatozoal antigens in cases of disturbance of spermatogenesis of autoimmune nature is discussed.Laboratory of Human Embryonic Histogenesis, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 464–467, April 1977.     

Determination of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in human lymphocytes is a potential laboratory test in diabetology

The conventional micromethod of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P₂) determination is optimized for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The F-2,6-P₂ content in lymphocytes of healthy subjects is 0.8±0.2 pmol/10⁶ cells or 6.7±1.1 pmol/mg protein. Preliminary findings show a decrease in the F-2,6-P₂ content in lymphocytes from patients with severe diabetes mellitus. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 9, pp. 341–344, September, 1996     

Effect of cortisol and pertussis toxin on the cAMP concentration in human lymphocytes

It is demonstrated that pertussis toxin and hydrocortisone potentiate the adenosine-induced rise of the cAMP concentration in lymphocytes. Hydrocortisone elicits an immediate (for the simultaneous addition of adenosine and cortisol) and reversible effect. The effect of pertussis toxin has a latency and is irreversible. Added together, these agents exert no cumulative effect. It is assumed that hydrocortisone and pertussis toxin have the same target — The inhibiting regulatory protein G_i. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 171–173, February, 1995 Presented by P. V. Sergeev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Autostimulation of prolactin receptors in adrenal cortex of guinea pigs

Prolactin injected to male guinea pigs for 7 days considerably enhanced binding of¹²⁵I-prolactin by adrenal cortex microsomes. Scatchard analysis showed that this rise is due to an increase in the receptor binding capacity but not in their affinity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 548–550, May, 1997     

Effect of antiserotonin antibodies on functional activity of T and B lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages

Experiments on C57Bl/6 mice showed that antiserotonin antibodies injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 mg/kg or added to cell culture in a dose of 10⁻⁷ mol/ml suppress lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen and stimulate functional activity of macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 140–142, February, 1998     

Effect of ricin and its B-subunit on calcium responses in human lymphocytes

The effect of ricin and its B-subunit on cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration in human lymphocytes was studied using a fluorescence probe. Both agents dose-dependently increased cytosolic free Ca²⁺ by stimulating its release from of thapsigargin-sensitive store. It is suggested that this effect is associated with the increase in cytosolic content of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 274–276, March, 2000     

Energy metabolism in lymphocytes during bone tissue regeneration

Phasic changes in the activity of aerobic oxidative processes in blood lymphocytes during distraction of a limb are demonstrated on a model of distraction osteogenesis. The rate of cell respiration during a favorable course of regeneration increases at the end of the postoperative period, at the end of distraction, and during the 9th month after its completion. Unsuccessful regeneration is associated with more marked shifts of lymphocyte respiration. The described changes are related to activation of the function of lymphocytes participating in the regulation of regenerative processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 310–312, September, 1995 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunohistochemical identification of androgen receptors in the liver of pubertal male rats

Androgen receptors in the liver of pubertal male rats are identified by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Hepatocyte nuclei predominate among positively stained structures. The intensity of staining varies from hepatocyte to hepatocyte and does not depend on its position in the liver lobule. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 193–196, August, 1996     

Effects of tissue injury mediators on thein vitro experession of surface antigens by human lymphocytes

A short-term incubation of healthy donor lymphocytes with adenosine or adenosine diphosphoric acid was shown to reduce the number of cells expressing CD4 antigen and to increase the number of CD8⁺ lymphocytes. The hydra peptide morphogen shifts the balance of immunoregulatory lymphocytes toward a predominance of CD4⁺ cells. A hypothesis of a two-level system for the regulation of surface antigen expression by lymphocytes during exposure to extreme factors is proposed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, No. 2, pp. 196–199, February, 1995 Presented by V. N. Yarygin. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Circadian variations in the metabolic reaction of human blood lymphocytes to hormonal stimuli in health and immunodeficiency

Circadian variations in the sensitivity of blood lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase to thymalin and hydrocortisone are shown. The maximal sensitivity to thymalin is observed in the morning, and to hydrocortisone in the evening. The range of fluctuations in this parameter is wider in patients with immunodeficiency than in donors. Moreover, the direction of the lymphocyte metabolic reaction to the studied agents was found to be disturbed in the patients. The findings may be useful for designing chronotherapeutic schemes with the use of hormonal immunomodulating agents. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 181–183, February, 1995