关节镜辅助小切口肩袖修复术治疗肩袖撕裂

目的 探讨关节镜辅助小切口修复术治疗肩袖撕裂的临床效果. 方法 1999年3月～2004年3月应用关节镜辅助小切口修复术治疗肩袖撕裂22例.13例行关节镜检查,小切口肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术;9例行关节镜下肩峰下间隙减压及小切口肩袖修复术.采用UCLA肩评分标准进行评价. 结果 22例随访12～72个月,平均47个月,UCLA评分由术前（14.8±3.8）分升至术后（32.0±4.7）分（t=15.086,P=0.000）.优7例,良13例,可1例,差1例;20例满意. 结论 关节镜辅助小切口修复术是治疗肩袖撕裂的有效方法,操作简单,创伤小.     

关节镜辅助下小切口肩袖修补术治疗肩袖损伤25例临床疗效观察

目的：探讨关节镜辅助下小切口肩袖修补术治疗肩袖损伤临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2009年4月至2013年4月期间25例获得10个月以上随访的肩袖损伤患者资料,均在关节镜辅助下行关节腔清理及肩峰成形术,之后行小切口肩袖修补术。比较术前与术后肩关节活动度、肌力恢复情况及UCLA肩关节功能评分。结果末次随访时,肩关节外展、外旋、内旋活动度及相应肌力较术前均有明显改善（P＜0.05）。术后UCLA肩关节功能评分较术前明显提高（P＜0.05）。结论关节镜辅助下小切口肩袖修补术治疗肩袖损伤创伤小、操作简单且有利于早期功能锻炼,值得临床推广。     

关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤

目的探讨关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤的方法和疗效。方法 2008年3月~2011年12月采用关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤22例,包括肩袖全层破裂16例,关节囊侧部分损伤4例,其中2例转化为肩袖全层破裂,按全层破裂处理,另2例浅层部分损伤和2例滑囊侧部分损伤仅行关节镜下清创。肩袖全层破裂在关节镜引导下准确定位,辅助小切口行彻底肩峰下减压,双排锚钉修复全层损伤肩袖。合并SLAP损伤7例。结果本组除1例肩袖损伤合并Ⅱ型SLAP损伤患者行双固定螺钉镜下修复手术时间为120 min外,其余21例手术时间平均62(51~70)min,其中行肩峰成形及肩袖修复时间平均17(12~20)min。辅助小切口平均2.8(2~3.5)cm。未出现神经损伤及肢体明显肿胀、液体渗漏等情况。术后随访平均13.2(10~18)个月。术后10月随访:ASES评分平均(91.0±12.5)分,较术前(57.2±9.6)分显著提高(P<0.05),其中优12例,良7例,可3例,优良率为86.4%;UCLA评分平均(33.2±3.5)分,较术前(12.9±3.8)分显著提高(P<0.05),其中优9例,良11例,可2例,优良率为90.9%。结论关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤具有诊断全面、准确、微创、康复快的优点,临床治疗效果可靠。     

肩袖部分撕裂的诊断和治疗

目的探讨肩袖部分撕裂的诊断和手术方法。方法1999年4月~2004年1月,我所对14例肩袖部分撕裂进行手术治疗。术前均拍摄肩关节正位和冈上肌出口位X线片,11例B超检查,14例MR I或MRA检查。5例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖清理术;9例行肩峰下间隙减压及肩袖修复术。采用UCLA肩关节评分标准进行评价。结果滑囊侧部分撕裂7例,关节侧部分撕裂7例。14例随访1~6年,平均38个月,UCLA评分由术前(15.9±3.9)分升至术后(30.9±5.2)分(t=15.000,P=0.000)。良13例,差1例;13例满意。结论关节镜检查是诊断肩袖部分撕裂的可靠方法。肩袖修复术是治疗肩袖部分撕裂的有效方法。关节镜下手术创伤小、恢复快。     

肩峰撞击征合并肩袖损伤的关节镜下治疗

目的分析关节镜下肩峰减压成形术及肩袖修复的临床效果。方法自2005年初始,我院对11例肩峰撞击征并肩袖损伤行关节镜下肩峰减压成形术,部分行肩袖修复术,其中男5例,女6例,年龄21～57岁,平均40岁,8例无外伤史,3例有外伤史。患者均有肩关节疼痛、肌肉萎缩、活动受限、上举困难、疼痛反射弧阳性、撞击注射试验阳性,Neer征阳性;5例有患侧卧位痛。X线提示肱骨大结节骨赘9例和肩峰骨刺2例,A—H间隙距离变小,小于1．0cm8例、小于0．5cm3例。MRI扫描均示肩袖结构T1为强信号,如关节积液T2相强信号。关节镜检查可见肩袖大撕裂（30～50mm）4例,中撕裂（10～30mm）5例,小撕裂（小于10mm）2例。行关节镜下肩峰下减压成形术,其中8例行缝合锚钉肩袖修复术。分别在术前及最终随访时采用美国肩肘外科医师（American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons,ASES）和Constant—Murley评分进行功能评估。结果术后随访22．5个月（13～34个月）。患者手术前平均ASES评分为62．4分（47～76分）,VAS评分平均为5．8分（3～8分）,Constant—Murley评分为66．7分（42～79分）,平均外展35．5°（30°～50°）,平均外旋为28．4°（0°～45°）;终末随访时平均ASES评分为94．6分（79～100分）,其中VAS评分为0．6分（0～2分）,Constant—Murley评分为93．6分（77～100分）,肩关节外展160°（80°～180°）,平均外旋30．2°（20°～55°）。8例患者冈上、下肌萎缩恢复,ASES评分优良率为81．8％,Constant—Murley评分优良率为90．9％。术后各项评分均存在显著性差异（ASES：P〈0．001,t一12．324;VAS：P〈0．001,t=14．765;外展：P〈0．001,t=15．236;外旋：P〈0．01,t=7．967;Constant—Murley：P〈0.001,t=16．647）。结论a）肩峰撞击征、肩袖损伤是关节镜手术的适应证;b）对肩袖单纯修复是不够的,必须同时解决撞击因素;c）不宜将肩峰切除过多,以免发生骨折;d）尽管镜下手术技术难度较大,但镜下视野广、创伤小、术后及早进行功能锻炼,功能可以得到很好恢复,故镜下进行肩袖损伤、肩峰成形等手术应值得提倡。     

关节镜辅助治疗肩袖损伤的临床疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜辅助治疗肩袖损伤的方法和疗效。方法 2009年11月-2011年3月,收治27例肩袖损伤患者,男17例,女10例;年龄29～66岁,平均43.6岁。病程1～36个月,平均27个月。左肩11例,右肩16例。12例有外伤史,15例无明显诱因。患者肩关节主动前屈及外展功能均有不同程度受限。摄肩关节正侧位、冈上肌出口位X线片,根据Bigliani肩峰分型标准:Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型9例。MRI检查均显示肩袖全层断裂。首先行关节镜探查,27例冈上肌均全层断裂,23例有肩峰撞击;无撞击者行肩袖清理,有撞击者行肩袖清理后再行肩峰成形和肩峰下滑囊切除;关节镜辅助定位下作3～4 cm小切口,直视下缝合修复肩袖。结果患者手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。27例均获随访,随访时间13～27个月,平均19个月。未发生内固定物松动及肩袖再撕裂等并发症;疼痛症状明显缓解,患者对手术疗效满意。患者末次随访时肩关节活动度较术前显著改善(P<0.05);疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前(8.0±1.8)分改善至术后2周(1.6±0.7)分及末次随访时(0.8±0.7)分;美国加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)肩关节功能评分由术前(18.8±6.6)分提高至术后3个月(32.2±3.3)分及末次随访时(33.6±2.1)分;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜辅助小切口治疗肩袖损伤临床疗效满意,但因随访时间有限,其远期疗效有待进一步随访观察。     

关节镜下肩峰成形术的临床价值探讨

目的探讨关节镜下肩峰成形术的疗效和临床价值。方法收集我科2013年10月至2015年2月关节镜下肩峰成形术病例共23例,其中冻结肩2例,肩袖撕裂7例,肩峰撞击或合并肩峰下滑囊炎14例。所有患者镜下常规进行肩峰成形术,视病情联合进行关节囊松解、肩峰下减压和肩袖修补术等。术后分期进行肩关节功能康复锻炼。采用加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(University of California at Los Angeles,UCLA)评分系统对手术前后患肩情况做综合评价。结果 21例患者获得随访,平均随访时间12个月。术后平均UCLA评分为32.4分,其中优7例,良10例,可3例,差1例。结论关节镜肩峰成形术临床疗效肯定,但资料显示将其常规开展尚有争议。     

肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤的诊治

目的 探讨关节镜下修复肩关节前脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤的疗效.方法 1999年9月至2007年7月收治16例肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤患者,男14例,女2例;左肩6例,右肩10例.交通伤8例,运动伤4例,牵拉伤4例.受伤至手术时间平均4.5个月(1.5～11.0个月).肩关节x线片显示肩盂撕脱骨折3例.16例患者肩关节核磁共振造影显示肩袖与Bankart损伤.关节镜探查发现肩袖于肱骨大结节处撕脱伴肩袖挛缩12例.采用关节镜下松解、缝合锚钉和骨锚钉同定缝合9例;因肩袖挛缩明显,进行关节镜与小切口辅助下肩袖缝合固定术3例;肩衲组织因牵拉松弛抬肩无力,采用等离子刀皱缩和肩袖缝合紧缩术4例.Bankart损伤采用关节镜下可吸收Bankart钉固定3例,钛合金缝合锚钉固定3例,关节镜下直接缝合修补盂唇3例,骨锚钉加会属锚钉固定7例.结果 16例患者术后获平均16.5个月(7～34个月)随访.肩关节稳定,肩外展和上举功能恢复正常12例,术后肩关节外展、抬举活动轻度受限2例,前伸活动疼痛2例.金属锚钉拔出再手术2例.采用美国加州洛杉矶大学UCLA肩关节功能评分:术前平均(21.5±5.5)分;术后平均(32.4±5.6)分,优12例,良4例.结论 肩关节脱位合并肩袖与Bankart损伤核磁共振造影有助于诊断;肩袖挛缩者应进行充分松解,无张力缝合固定有利于肩袖愈合;异体骨锚钉修复肩袖与Bankart损伤,生物固定、费用低廉,具有重要的价值.     

小切口和关节镜下的肩袖修复

对肩袖损伤传统上往往采用肩峰切开减压和肩袖修补术,此手术能成功地恢复功能和减轻疼痛。但肩袖切开修补术也存在着固有的缺点,由于术中剥离而造成的术后三角肌止点的脱离往往造成明显的病废;切开修复技术还可能因为需要较长时间的固定而造成肩关节僵硬。因此,有人提出了关节镜辅助下小切口修补术,近期更有人提出了完全关节镜下肩袖修补术,并且得到了越来越多的发展和应用。小切口和关节镜技术都避免了     

关节镜下微创治疗肩袖钙化性肌腱炎

目的 探讨关节镜下微创钙化灶清除保留喙肩韧带预防性肩峰成形术治疗肩袖钙化性肌腱炎的适应证、手术方法及疗效.方法 2006年1月至2011年6月间采用肩关节镜下手术治疗肩袖钙化性肌腱炎12例,男3例,女9例;左肩5例,右肩7例;年龄32～72岁,平均54.6岁;病程3个月～2.5年,平均12个月.术前对患者肩关节功能按照加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校(universityofCalifornia at Los Angeles,UCLA)评分法进行评估,平均(16.14±2.10)分.本组患者常规进行预防性肩峰成形术.对于本身存在肩峰下骨赘的患者充分去除增生骨质,而对于无明显骨赘的患者则仅做轻度的肩峰成形,去除2 mm左右的骨质,并且保护喙肩韧带完整,从而保护了肩关节上方的被动稳定性结构.对4例钙化灶特别巨大、在彻底清除病灶及被钙化灶侵蚀和破坏的肩袖组织后,评估肩袖缺损深度超过肌腱厚度的50％者使用了锚钉行肩袖修补术.结果 术后随访6～25个月,平均16.4个月.术后疼痛程度及功能评分均有显著提高.肩关节活动范围明显改善.对手术前后UCLA各项进行配对t检验,两组差异有统计学意义(t=37.08,P＜0.01).结论 关节镜下钙化灶清除及保留喙肩韧带的预防性肩峰成形术,是治疗经保守治疗无效的肩袖钙化性肌腱炎患者一种安全有效的方法,具有损伤小、恢复快的优点.     

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression in the treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears

Arthroscopic subacromial decompression has become an accepted treatment for patients with impingement syndrome; however, its use for full-thickness rotator cuff tears is controversial. We observed 25 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression and cuff debridement alone with a minimum of 1 year follow-up observation. Based on the University of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating, 84% of the cases were rated as excellent or good. There was significant improvement in pain, function, motion, and strength. Eighty-eight percent of the patients were satisfied with the procedure. Although all tear sizes improved significantly, smaller tears fared better than larger tears. The preliminary results of arthroscopic subacromial decompression with cuff debridement compare favorably to open techniques of rotator cuff repair with or without acromioplasty and should be considered in selected patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears.     

Arthroscopic assisted rotator cuff repair: preliminary results

Arthroscopic assisted rotator cuff repair is a method of performing an arthroscopic subacromial decompression with repair of the rotator cuff through a limited deltoid splitting approach. We evaluated 25 patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. Based on the UCLA shoulder rating, 80% of the patients were rated as excellent or good. There was significant improvement in pain, function, motion, and strength. Ninety-six percent of the patients were satisfied with the procedure. Of the patients with small or moderate size tears, 100% received a satisfactory rating. Arthroscopic assisted rotator cuff repair is presented as an attractive alternative in treating symptomatic patients with complete tears of the rotator cuff.     

Modified arthroscopic double row repair of partial thickness tear of the rotator Cuff involving articular and bursal side

Partial thickness of rotator cuff tears is considered as a common cause of shoulder disability. Various techniques for arthroscopic repair of partial thickness tear of rotator cuff have been reported in the literature. These techniques have addressed the articular side partial thickness cuff tear. We present an arthroscopic repair of partial thickness tear of rotator cuff involving both articular and bursal surfaces without converting into a full thickness tear. Each side of the tear was repaired with suture anchors separately.     

反式全肩关节假体置换治疗巨大不可修复肩袖撕裂

目的探讨反式全肩关节置换术（reverse total shoulder arthroplasty,RTSA）治疗巨大不可修复肩袖撕裂的临床治疗效果。 方法对南京中医药大学附属医院2018年5月至2020年1月收治的采取RTSA治疗的13例巨大不可修复肩袖撕裂患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。记录术前及最后一次随访时患者的肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动,美国肩肘外科协会评分（American shoulder and elbow surgeons score,ASES）及美国加州大学洛杉矶分校（University of California at Los Angeles,UCLA）评分评估患者肩关节功能。并记录患者发生并发症的情况及影像学检查结果。术前行MR确定肩袖脂肪浸润程度,CT评价肩胛盂骨质情况及有无缺损,术后使用X线评估假体情况。 结果13例患者均随访至少12个月以上。统计术前与术后12个月数据之间的关系,术后12个月肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动,ASES评分和UCLA评分较术前明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。随访期内13例患者中有1例患者因局部血肿在术后1周行切开血肿清除引流术,所有患者功能恢复良好。 结论RTSA治疗巨大不可修复肩袖撕裂临床效果良好。     

Mini-open rotator cuff repair via an anterosuperior approach

We retrospectively reviewed the results of arthroscopically assisted rotator cuff repairs done with an anterosuperior approach in 41 patients (average age, 55 years; range, 38-73). Average follow-up was 39 months (range, 24-57 months). There were 2 massive, 8 large 2-tendon, 9 medium-sized, 19 small, and 6 deep partial thickness rotator cuff tears. After arthroscopic inspection and acromioplasty, the anterior portal was enlarged in Langer's lines. The anterior deltoid raphe was incised to repair the tear. This approach was adequate for tears of all sizes. The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon Score improved from 44.7 preoperatively to 91.7 postoperatively. There were 32 excellent (78%), 6 good (15%), and 3 poor (7%) results. Pain improved on a visual analog scale from 6.2 to 0.9. Arthroscopically assisted mini-open rotator cuff repair through an anterosuperior approach is a versatile deltoid-sparing technique. It does not require advanced arthroscopic skills or equipment and is associated with few complications.     

Arthroscopic debridement and acromioplasty versus mini-open repair in the treatment of significant partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Partial tears of the rotator cuff, especially of the articular side, have received attention only with the recent ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy to diagnose these lesions. Several early reports showed nearly 100% success in managing these lesions with arthroscopic debridement with or without acromioplasty. This series compares 32 patients with significant partial-thickness rotator cuff tears treated with debridement and acromioplasty versus 33 patients with mini-open repair. Follow-up was from 2 to 7 years. Preoperative MRI was not useful; when positive, preoperative arthrography was useful for articular side tears. Of the tears, 12% were bursal side tears and the remainder were articular side tears; all were at least 50% or more of the thickness of the tendon. A significant number of the arthroscopic group had fair results by UCLA score criteria. Three patients reruptured the remaining cuff later despite adequate acromioplasty. Healing of the partial tear was never observed at second-look arthroscopy. Although postoperative pain was significantly greater and recovery slower with open repair, no patient was reoperated on and rerupture of the repair did not occur. The outstanding results of prior studies of cuff debridement were not duplicated in this series of cuff debridements with long-term follow-up. Adequate acromioplasty alone does not prophylactically prevent rotator cuff tear progression. Recognition and repair of these significant partial tears may be advisable for the long-term function of the shoulder despite short-term improvement in morbidity with arthroscopic treatment.     

Arthroscopic evaluation and management of rotator cuff tears

The development of arthroscopic techniques has provided the shoulder surgeon with new opportunities to improve the chances of salvaging these difficult rotator cuff tears while generally avoiding the potential disastrous consequences attendant to the open procedures. The arthroscope can be used to review and document the status of the joint and cuff, assess the tear pattern, debride damaged tissues, and smooth the acromion. In addition, a trained shoulder arthroscopist can mobilize the available tissues and repair any viable tendon to bone, without damage to the overlying muscles, through small cosmetic incisions in an outpatient surgery setting. If there proves to be an irreparable injury, debridement and bone smoothing can be readily performed, avoiding iatrogenic injury to the remaining healthy tissues, especially the deltoid muscle. The patient and the surgeon must accept that the arthroscope is merely a helpful surgical tool, a convenient method to visualize the anatomy without damaging other tissues. When one attempts to repair a massive cuff tear, even with the aid of the arthroscope, there are no miracles or magic involved and often the results are less than perfect. Fortunately, once one can see the relevant anatomy, the opportunities to safely repair the tissues are then unprecedented.     

Mini-open rotator cuff repair

Open shoulder procedures require a deltoid release for proper exposure. Arthroscopic techniques have progressed so that minimally invasive techniques give similar outcomes as more formal open procedures with less risk of morbidity. Arthroscopically assisted open rotator cuff repair offers advantages over open procedures with some diagnostic and decompression performed with the arthroscope. The mini-open technique has more aspects of a cuff repair performed through the arthroscope leaving a few steps to be done open. The modern use of arthroscopic techniques for minimally invasive rotator cuff surgery coupled with advances in rehabilitation is discussed.