小切口瓣膜修复联合血管内电凝治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的:探讨股部小切口修复深静脉瓣膜联合血管内电凝曲张的大隐静脉和浅静脉，治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床应用价值。方法:67例原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者，在硬膜外麻醉下取股部小切口，行第一对股浅静脉瓣膜外修复；同时选用40W输出功率的电刀，对迂曲扩张的大隐静脉或浅静脉进行血管内电凝。结果:患者于手术5～10h后下床活动，7d天拆线，股部小切口愈合良好，无淋巴瘘等并发症发生。随访1～5年，超声检查电凝后的大隐静脉和曲张浅静脉均已闭合，无曲张静脉复发。2年内临床治愈率为100%；3年后2例股静脉瓣膜修复处轻度反流，临床治愈率96.36%。结论:股部小切口修复瓣膜功能联合血管内电凝曲张静脉，是一种较好的治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的手术方法，操作简便、创伤小、恢复快，适合基层医院推广应用。     

血管内电凝瓣膜修复治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的手术探讨

目的探讨股部小切口修复静脉瓣膜、血管内电凝曲张静脉治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的微创手术方法。方法选择67例原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的病人,在硬膜外麻醉或腰麻下取股部小切口,行第一对股浅静脉瓣膜外修复,同时利用40 W手术电刀对迂曲扩张的浅静脉进行血管内电凝。总结手术入路和手术体会。结果患者术后7 d拆线,股部小切口愈合良好,下肢曲张浅静脉消失,无淋巴漏等并发症发生;随访1~5年,超声多普勒检查电凝后的大隐静脉和曲张浅静脉均已闭合,无曲张静脉复发现象,但有2例瓣膜修复处术后3年有轻度返流。结论股部小切口修复瓣膜结合血管内电凝曲张静脉,是一种较好的治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的微创手术方法,操作简便、创伤小、恢复快、并发症少,值得推广应用。     

原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的外科治疗

目的评价股浅静脉瓣膜“戴戒”加曲张浅静脉剥脱术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院血管外科1997～2004年收治的78例（92条）原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者实施股浅静脉瓣膜“戴戒”加曲张浅静脉剥脱术的临床疗效。结果65例（76条）术后症状消失或显著改善，恢复满意；8例（10条）术后症状减轻；3例（4条）术后无改善；2例（2条）术后肿胀加剧，经彩超证实为急性髂股静脉血栓形成。患肢治疗临床总有效率为93．5％（86／92），手术并发症发生率为2．2％（2／92）。结论原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的外科治疗应严格掌握手术指征，股浅静脉瓣膜“戴戒”加曲张浅静脉剥脱术对重度瓣膜功能不全患者疗效确切、操作简便，是外科治疗的有效术式。     

激光焊接技术修复深静脉瓣膜功能不全初步探讨

目的探讨激光焊接修复深静脉瓣膜功能不全的新技术,总结激光微创治疗本病的临床经验。方法选择40例深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者,在硬膜外麻醉下取股部小切口,显出股浅静脉瓣膜环,选择1 470 nm半导体激光器3W激光输出功率,折叠焊接瓣膜环,缩窄管腔修复瓣膜关闭不全,同时选用6W激光功率光凝闭合曲张的浅静脉。术后采用超声多普勒连续随访观察6～36月。结果术后6 h下床活动,手术后3 d即活动自如,术后5 d更换敷料见4例出现下肢少量瘀斑,手术后10 d完全消失。手术后7 d拆除股部皮内缝合线,切口愈合良好活动自如,原迂曲扩张的浅静脉消失。所有接受治疗病例均无皮下血肿,无皮肤灼伤,无淋巴漏或下肢水肿等并发症。手术后3、6、12、24和36个月复查,大隐静脉和曲张浅静脉均已闭合,深静脉瓣膜修复处均未见返流。平均随访16(6～36)个月,均未见复发。结论激光焊接技术修复深静脉瓣膜功能不全是一种较好的微创方法,值得临床进一步深入探讨和应用。     

血管镜下股浅静脉瓣膜修复成形术12例分析

目的 探讨血管镜直视下股浅静脉壁外瓣膜修复术治疗深静脉瓣膜功能不全的可行性和效果。方法 通过血管镜从大隐静脉断端导入至股浅静脉第1对瓣膜近侧，同时阻断股总、股深、股浅静脉，应用含肝素的冲洗液建立清晰水柱，直接观察瓣膜的形态、缺损和变形的程度，对12例原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者实施直视下壁外静脉瓣膜成形术。结果 12例术后行静脉顺行造影证实9例患肢股浅静脉第1对瓣膜返流基本消失，3例静脉瓣膜返流明显改善，无静脉血栓和其他并发症。结论 血管镜直视下行股浅静脉瓣膜壁外修复术准确有效、微创和安全。     

原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全手术治疗治疗体会

目的探讨原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全(Primary deep venous insufficiency,PDVI)手术治疗体会。方法对25例(28条肢体)PDVI患者,采用股浅静脉第1对瓣膜环缩术治疗。其中18例采用人工血管,7例采用自体大隐静脉。结果术后随访3个月～2年,28条肢体症状均不同程度缓解,有效率100%。结论股浅静脉第1对瓣膜环缩术治疗PDVI,方法简便、效果确切,便于基层医院开展。     

中西医结合微创治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的:总结中西医结合微创治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床治疗体会.方法:选择213例病人,在硬膜外麻醉下取股部小切口,行第1对股浅静脉瓣膜外修复.选用810 nm的半导体激光器,对迂曲扩张的大隐静脉进行血管内光凝术,并用中药消痔灵曲张静脉局部注射.结果:术后当天即可下床,无并发症,随访6月～3年,临床治愈率97.65%,深静脉瓣膜外修复处除5例出现轻度返流外,余均无静脉返流,闭塞静脉无复发.结论:中西医结合微创治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全操作简便、创伤小、美观、恢复快.     

股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效评价

目的　评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效和应用价值。方法　 97例 (97侧肢体 )经静脉顺行造影证实为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者分为A、B两组 ,A组 79例 ,B组 18例。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分和顺行性下肢静脉造影评价疗效。结果　A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组P <0 0 1;B组P <0 0 5 )。A组中C5～C6者手术效果较C2 ～C4者好 ;两组C2 ～C4者比较 ,A组手术效果优于B组。术后A组中 6 7侧患肢行顺行性下肢静脉造影 ,瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 83 5 8% (5 6 /6 7) ,显效率为 4 1 79% (2 8/6 7) ;B组 12侧患肢股浅静脉瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 33 33% ,两组有效率比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎加股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,较大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎术更有助于临床症状缓解和瓣膜形态功能的恢复。术前明确诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者 ,宜行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

经皮透视性曲张静脉团刨削术10例报告

报告利用关节镜和关节刨削器开展下肢曲张浅静脉团刨削术10例。单纯性大隐静脉曲张6例和原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全伴浅静脉曲张4例，肢体均有曲张成团的曲张浅静脉。该手术方法切口少而小，疼痛轻，切口均一期愈合，无手术并发症发生。随访6~12个月，肢体曲张成团浅静脉均消失，无复发，近期疗效满意。提示下肢曲张静脉团刨削术系一治疗下肢曲张成团的曲张浅静脉的好方法     

激光光凝技术结合静脉瓣膜修复治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的手术探讨

目的探讨股浅静脉瓣窦环包联合激光光凝技术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的手术治疗方法. 方法 33例下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者,在硬膜外麻醉下首先在卵圆窝下方4 cm做长约4 cm小切口,行股浅静脉瓣膜外修复,同时高位结扎切断大隐静脉,再由大隐静脉远端插入4F导管,光导纤维跟入,使用810 nm波长的半导体激光器,对下肢迂曲扩张的大隐静脉及其浅静脉进行血管内光凝术. 结果术后6 h即可自由活动,术后8 d拆线,切口愈合良好,肢体活动自如,无皮肤灼伤、皮下血肿和下肢水肿.平均随访18(6～24)个月,超声检查示大隐静脉和曲张浅静脉均已闭合、深静脉瓣膜外修复处均无返流,无复发或再通现象,局部皮肤营养障碍性病变明显减轻,下肢酸胀感减轻或消失. 结论激光光凝技术结合静脉瓣膜修复治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,方法可行、疗效可靠、操作简便、创伤小、美观、恢复快,是一种较好的微创治疗方法,值得推广应用.     

RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE POSTERIOR URETHRA

In an attempt to clarify the influence of dysfunctional bladders on renal allograft outcome, graft survival was studied retrospectively in patients with congenital posterior urethral obstruction (posterior urethral valves). Using the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), 25 index patients were compared to all other transplant recipients of the same age range. Three instances of abnormal bladder function leading to graft function deterioration were found, therefore we would recommend investigation of bladder function in all boys with congenital urethral obstruction prior to renal transplant, and as part of the work-up of graft failure, where the cause is otherwise not obvious.     

SURGERY OF THE MITRAL VALVE: A PERSPECTIVE OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS

This paper considers the changing concepts in management, and the results of surgery in 1000 isolated procedures on the mitral valve, during the past 25 years. The first 251 patients were managed by closed methods with an operative mortality of 4%, but with a high reoperation rate, at least 44% ultimately having valve replacement. Open methods were first used in 1960, 17 patients having conservative valvotomy without mortality, but with indifferent results. Valve replacement began in March, 1963, and since that time 615 mitral valve replacements have been carried out, in 433 of which it was an isolated procedure. The first 290 patients had replacement with a Starr Edwards ball valve prosthesis. The actuarial curve shows a survival rate of 70% at 5 years, 61% at 8 years and probably 50% at 15 years. The remainder, except for two, had replacement with disc valves, the first 65 with Bjork Shiley, and the last 76 with Lillehei Kaster prostheses. Four patients with Bjork Shiley prostheses developed thrombosis on the prosthesis, and this was a factor influencing the change to a Lillehei Kaster prosthesis. The actuarial curve shows a survival rate of 86% at 4 1/2 years. Since March 1963, 171 patients have had conservative procedures with preservation of the valve; in 57 it was a blind procedure and in 114 it was an open procedure. There were no early deaths in these 171 patients, but there have been four late deaths. Twenty later came to valve replacement, 12 (20%) of them being in the closed gr'oup and 8 (7%) in the open group. One hundred and twenty-eight (74%) are considered to be Grade I or II, most of these being in the open group.     

TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT OMENTUM FOR INFECTED STERNOTOMY WOUNDS IN CARDIAC SURGERY. REPORT OF 16 CASES AND REVIEW OF PUBLISHED REPORTS

The expanding indications for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and cardiac valves replacement have caused an increase in the number of sternal infections. The common treatment includes appropriate antibiotics, early debridement, and transposition of muscle flaps with or without skin grafts. When other treatments have proved unsatisfactory, we have used the great omentum for wound closure. During the last five years, 16 patients (10 women, six men, median age 63 years) underwent repair of infected sternotomy wounds by the transposition of the great omentum, after failure of pectoralis major or rectus abdominis muscle flaps (n = 9). Seven patients underwent transposition of the great omentum as the first choice. The omentum covers the sternal defect well and the closure was reliable.     

去细胞猪主动脉瓣叶的获取和内皮细胞的种植

目的　探讨猪主动脉瓣叶去细胞后作为组织工程心脏瓣膜支架的可行性。　方法　经胰酶 - EDTA、表面活性剂和核酸酶处理 ,去除猪主动脉瓣叶的细胞成分 ,测定瓣叶去细胞前、后的生物力学特性 ,并在其表面种植新生牛主动脉内皮细胞 (BAECs) ;分别行大鼠皮下包埋实验。　结果　猪主动脉瓣叶中的细胞成分能完全去除 ,获得完整无细胞的纤维网状支架 ,断裂强度和断裂伸长率无明显变化 ;种植的 BAECs在去细胞瓣叶表面可形成一层连续的细胞层 ,其分泌前列环素 (PGI2 )的能力同直接种植在 2 4孔板中的比较 ,差异无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　猪主动脉瓣去细胞后获得的纤维支架可以用来构建组织工程瓣膜 ,适宜于血管内皮细胞的生长。     

Long-term results of bioprosthetic valves mounted on flexible stent]

From April, 1984 to April, 1989, 104 heart valve replacements were performed in 103 patients. The atrio-ventricular valves (97 mitral and 7 tricuspid valves) were replace by bioprosthetic valves mounted on the flexible stent made of Elgiloy. They included 91 porcine aortic valves and 13 bovine pericardial valves. Only 74 patients recovered and discharged from the hospital because of high operative mortality of re-replacement and double valve replacement (19 and 30 patients, respectively). These patients were followed-up for 8 to 68 months with a total follow-up period of 297 patient-years. Two patients developed cerebral embolism and two developed bacterial endocarditis. The incidence of the two complications was 0.67%/patient-year. No valve failure occurred. Long-term results of bioprosthetic heart valves mounted on flexible stent were better than those mounted on rigid stent.     

THE PERFORMANCE OF A SCAVENGING VALVE

A simple, compact and lightweight device for coupling activescavenging systems to shrouded breathing system valves is described.Provided a scavenging minute flow rate greater than the expiredgas volume is available, the unit can handle automatically changesin both variables. Optimal function is achieved with scavengingflows from about twice the discharged gas flow to about 50 litremm^–1 At these flows the valve can accommodate the outflowof gas-driven ventilators where driving gas and circuit gasare discharged through the same port There is no interferencewith expiratory valve function in the event of scavenging failure     

Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenografts: follow-up of up to 6 years

The results of valve replacement with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft compare favorably with results obtained with other bioprostheses. From March, 1977, to July, 1983, 497 Ionescu-Shiley pericardial valves were implanted in 463 patients at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. There were 292 patients who had aortic valve replacement (AVR), 140 with mitral valve replacement (MVR), 28 with double valve replacement, and 3 with triple valve replacement. The survivors were followed regularly. Actuarial analysis of late results indicates an expected survival of 71% at 6 years for patients who underwent AVR and 72% at 3 years for patients who had MVR. The only valve-related deaths were due to endocarditis, which occurred at a rate of 3.9% per patient-year for aortic valves and 0.6% per patient-year for mitral valves. Despite a low usage of formal anticoagulation, embolic complications occurred at a rate of 1.4% per patient-year for aortic valves and 4.0% per patient-year for mitral valves. Five valves were removed for intrinsic failure after 36 to 72 months of follow-up. New York Heart Association Functional Class improved an average of 1.28 classes per patient.     

Experiences with antireflux valves in jejunoileal bypass surgery

Intussusception valves were created in the small intestine of jejunoileal bypass-operated dogs and patients with the intention to prevent reflux of chyme into the excluded intestinal loop and thereby increase weight loss. In the dogs the valves were shown to withstand a pressure of at least 100 cm of water. All patients with end-to-side bypass were at X-ray examination found to have sufficient valves whereas only four of fourteen with end-to-end bypass, where the defunctionalized loop was implanted into the cecum, had tight valves. During five years of observation no significant difference in weight loss was seen between the patients with valves and control groups without valves. It is concluded that reflux of chyme only plays a minor role for weight loss after jejunoileal bypass for obesity.     

Clinical evaluation of St Jude Medical Hemodynamic Plus versus standard aortic valve prostheses: The Italian multicenter, prospective, randomized study

OBJECTIVE: Hemodynamic and clinical performances of 21-mm and 23-mm St Jude Medical Hemodynamic Plus aortic valves (St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn) were compared with those of 21-mm and 23-mm St Jude Medical standard cuff aortic valves in the first such multicenter, prospective, randomized study. Hemodynamic Plus valves are mechanical, bileaflet prostheses suitable for the small aortic anulus. METHODS: Patients with 21-mm and 23-mm anulus diameters were randomized to receive either a Hemodynamic Plus or a standard cuff valve. Postoperatively and at 6 months after the operation, patients underwent 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Ejection fraction, cardiac output, peak gradient, mean gradient, effective orifice area, effective area index, and performance index were calculated. Postoperative and 6-month echocardiographic measurements and their variations across observation times were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of the 140 patients enrolled, 5 died at operation and 1 died of aortic dissection during the follow-up period. Eight patients were lost to follow-up. A total of 125 patients completed the study. In 1 patient a sewing cuff escaped intraoperatively. At 6 months the 21-mm and 23-mm Hemodynamic Plus valves showed significantly lower peak gradients and mean gradients than those of the 21-mm and 23-mm standard cuff valves. The 21-mm Hemodynamic Plus valves had gradients similar to those of the 23-mm Hemodynamic Plus valves. The effective orifice area did not differ significantly between the Hemodynamic Plus and standard cuff valves at either measurement. No valve mismatch was found in the 4 groups of patients. A more enhanced decrease of peak gradients and mean gradients and a more enhanced increase of effective orifice areas, effective area indices, and performance indices were found across observation times for patients with Hemodynamic Plus valves compared with those with standard cuff valves. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical hemodynamic performances of 21-mm and 23-mm St Jude Medical Hemodynamic Plus valves correspond closely with those of standard cuff valves, and gradients are substantially better than those of standard cuff valves of the same diameter. Therefore, use of this valve may minimize the need for aortic anulus enlargement. Early follow-up results with the Hemodynamic Plus valves were excellent, although more time is required to confirm this outcome.     

Surgical management of valve replacement in children

From 1965 to 1990, 49 valve replacements were performed on 43 patients under the age of 15. Mitral valve replacements were performed on 21 patients, and re-replacements were done on 4 of them afterwards. In the first 9 mitral valve replacements before 1974, Starr-Edwards (S-E) ball valves were used. Five of these patients died in the hospital (early mortality rate was 56%). Since 1975, bioprosthetic valves were used in three cases, but all of these valves ceased to function due to primary tissue failure (PTF) within 3 years. Consequently, SJM valves are now used as a first choice. Ten aortic valve replacements were performed on 9 patients with the results of one early death, two late deaths, and one late re-operation. Tricuspid valve replacements were performed on 11 patients, 5 of whom utilized S-E ball valves. Three of the five patients died in the hospital. One patient was re-operated on, swapping the S-E ball valve for the SJM valve. SJM valves were used primarily in 2 patients, and bioprosthetic valves in 4. Two patients died, one with a SJM valve, and the other with a bioprosthetic valve. Two pulmonary valve replacements were performed, one employing a SJM valve, the other a bioprosthetic valve. Two adult patients with SJM valve in the right side of the heart had thrombotic complications, though the patients with bioprosthetic valves had none. Atrioventricular valve replacements were performed on 5 patients under the age of 3, but all of them died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)