共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Objective
To analyze the trend in the incidence rates of major salivary gland cancer in population-based cancer registries in Spain.Methods
The following Spanish cancer registries with a minimum follow-up period of 10 years were selected: Albacete, Asturias, Granada, Murcia, Navarre, Tarragona and Zaragoza. Adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Joinpoint software was utilized to calculate change estimations in incidence rates for the period 1991-2001.Results
Joinpoint analysis revealed a statistically significant decreasing trend with an annual percent change of –5.3% (95% CI: -8.7 to –1.8).Conclusion
The incidence of major salivary gland cancers in Spain was low and a decreasing trend was identified between 1991 and 2001. 相似文献2.
Rodrigo Jiménez-García Cristina Rodríguez-Rieiro Valentín Hernandez-Barrera Pilar Carrasco Garrido Ana López de Andres María D. Esteban-Vasallo Maria Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón Jenaro Astray-Mochales 《Vaccine》2014
Objectives
We aim to describe influenza vaccination coverage for the Spanish population across four consecutive campaigns (2008/2009 to 2011/2012). The data was analyzed by high risk groups and health care workers (HCWs). Also, coverage trends were analyzed to assess uptake in post-pandemic seasons.Methods
We used data from two nation-wide representative health surveys namely the 2009/10 European Health Interview Survey for Spain (N = 22,188) and the 2011–12 Spanish National Health Survey (N = 21,007) Influenza vaccination status was self-reported. We analyzed influenza vaccine coverage by age, sex, number of chronic conditions, being a heath care worker (HCWs) and nationality. Time trends for campaigns among high risk groups were estimated by a multivariate logistic regression model.Results
We analyzed data from 43,072 subjects aged ≥16 years. As a whole, coverage decreased by 3.31% (22.57–19.26%) between the 2008/2009 and 2011/2012 campaigns with a significant decreasing trend (OR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.90–0.94).Coverage in people under 60 years with a chronic disease decreased significantly (OR 0.92: 95% CI: 0.85–0.99) during the analyzed period from 21.02% in 2008/2009 to 17.40% in 2011/2012. Among HCWs, the highest influenza vaccination coverage was achieved in 2009/2010 (31.08%) in the latest campaign coverage has almost halved (17.88%). For the 2011/2012 season and for all age groups the variables associated with a higher probability of having received the influenza vaccine were older age and presence of associated chronic conditions. Among those aged ≥60 years, immigrants had lower uptake (OR 0.60; 95% CI: 0.32–0.99).Conclusions
Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake rates in the recommended target groups in Spain are unacceptably low and seem to be decreasing in the post pandemic seasons. Further studies are necessary to precisely identify reasons for non-compliance and barriers to influenza vaccination. Meanwhile urgent strategies to improve seasonal vaccination uptake must be discussed and implemented. 相似文献3.
Blanca Román Viñas Lourdes Ribas Barba Joy Ngo Lluís Serra Majem 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objectives
To validate the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in the population of Catalonia (Spain).Methods
A convenience sample wore a uniaxial accelerometer (MTI Actigraph, Computer Science and Application's Inc.) for 7 days and completed the questionnaire, translated to Catalan. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire in measuring adherence to physical activity recommendations were also tested.Results
Valid data were obtained from 55 participants (29 women). The mean age was 40.5 years. Moderate correlations were found for total physical activity (r = 0.27; p < 0.05) and the time spent in vigorous activity (r = 0.38; p < 0.01). Sensitivity was 75% and specificity was 75% (κ = 0.33).Conclusion
The short Catalan version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire had acceptable validity for the measurement of total and vigorous physical activity. This questionnaire can be used to identify adherence to physical activity recommendations in the Catalan population. 相似文献4.
Jesús Oliva Mercedes Díez Silvia Galindo Carlos Cevallos Ana Izquierdo Javier Cereijo Arantxa Arrillaga Antonio Nicolau Ana Fernández Mara Álvarez Jesús Castilla Eva Martínez Irene López Nuria Vivés 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To present surveillance data on advanced disease (AD) and late presentation (LP) of HIV in Spain and their determinants.Methods
We included all new HIV diagnoses notified by the autonomous regions that consistently reported such cases throughout the period 2007–2011. Coverage was 54% of the total Spanish population. Data sources consisted of clinicians, laboratories and medical records. AD was defined as the presence of a CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL in the first test after HIV diagnosis, while LP was defined as the presence of a CD4 cell count <350 cells/μL after HIV diagnosis. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were used as the measure of association. Logistic regressions were fit to identify predictors of AD and LP.Results
A total of 13,021 new HIV diagnoses were included. Among these, data on the outcome variable were available in 87.7%. The median CD4 count at presentation was 363 (interquartile range, 161–565). Overall, 3356 (29.4%) patients met the definition of AD and 5494 (48.1%) were classified as LP. Both AD and LP increased with age and were associated with male sex and infection through drug use or heterosexual contact. All immigrants except western Europeans were more prone to AD and LP. Multivariate models disaggregated by sex showed that the effect of age and region of origin was weaker in women than in men.Conclusions
Despite universal health care coverage in Spain, men, immigrants and people infected through drug use or heterosexual contact seem to be experiencing difficulties in gaining timely access to HIV care. 相似文献5.
6.
Objectives
To describe inequalities in mortality between Andalusia and Spain as a whole by sex and age group between 1990 and 2010.Methods
Deaths in Andalusia and Spain were obtained from the Andalusian Mortality Registry and the National Institute of Statistics, respectively. Population data, classified by sex and age group, were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Crude and age- and sex-adjusted standardized mortality rates were calculated. Additionally, standardized rate ratios between Andalusia and Spain were estimated, and joinpoint regression models were built to assess trends.Results
In both sexes and in all the years studied, mortality was higher in Andalusia than in Spain as a whole. Rate ratios increased from 11% of men in Andalusia in 1990 to 14% in 2010 and from 9% of women in 1990 to 11% in 2010. By age group, mortality was higher than the Spanish average in Andalusian men and women, except in those aged less than 45 years in the first few years of the series. In both sexes and in all age groups, there were downward trends in Andalusia and Spain.Conclusion
Mortality in Andalusia is higher than the Spanish average with a tendency to decrease at a slightly slower rate than in Spain, indicating that inequalities have increased. If this tendency continues, mortality in Andalusia will not converge with the Spanish average in the near future. 相似文献7.
Introduction
Immigrant mothers in Spain have a lower risk of delivering Low BirthWeight (LBW) babies in comparison to Spaniards (LBW paradox). This study aimed at revisiting this finding by applying a model-based threshold as an alternative to the conventional definition of LBW.Methods
Vital information data from Madrid was used (2005–2006). LBW was defined in two ways (less than 2500 g and Wilcox's proposal). Logistic and linear regression models were run.Results
According to common definition of LBW (less than 2500 g) there is evidence to support the LBW paradox in Spain. Nevertheless, when an alternative model-based definition of LBW is used, the paradox is only clearly present in mothers from the rest of Southern America, suggesting a possible methodological bias effect.Conclusion
In the future, any examination of the existence of the LBW paradox should incorporate model-based definitions of LBW in order to avoid methodological bias. 相似文献8.
Medida de la importancia de las dimensiones de la satisfacción en la provisión de servicios de salud
Objective
Identifying users’ perceptions of the quality of care is essential to improve health services delivery. The main objective of this article was to describe the application of a methodology to identify factors that facilitate the identification of areas for improvement.Method
A questionnaire was applied in three health areas in Catalonia (Spain) (primary care [n = 332], outpatient specialty care [n = 410] and hospital emergency care [n = 413]) to measure user satisfaction and assess the importance given to the aspects analyzed.Results
The main areas for improvement in primary care identified by an importance-performance analysis involved the time devoted to patients as well as health professionals’ willingness to listen to their views. In hospital emergency care, the main area of improvement was related to the hospital's physical conditions.Conclusions
The tools designed and implemented by the Catalan Health Service (Spain) have proved to be valid for the detection of priority areas to improve service delivery and promote regional equity. 相似文献9.
Objective
To determine whether reading is a protective factor against cognitive decline in the population aged over 65 years.Methods
We performed an unmatched case-control study in the Fuente de San Luis Health Center in Valencia, Spain. A total of 153 subjects aged more than 65 years old were studied, corresponding to 51 cases and 102 controls. Cognitive impairment was measured by the version of the Mini-Mental State Examination adapted and validated to Spanish. Reading habits were assessed with the scale of the Federación de Gremios y Editores de España.Results
Logistic regression showed a significant association with the habit of frequent reading for more than 5 years, complete primary school education, and age lower than 75 yearsConclusions
Reading is a protective factor against cognitive impairment. This protection is greater in frequent readers with a history of reading of over 5 years 相似文献10.
Elena Rodríguez Álvarez Yolanda González-Rábago Amaia Bacigalupe Unai Martín Nerea Lanborena Elordui 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To analyze health inequalities between native and immigrant populations in the Basque Country (Spain) and the role of several mediating determinants in explaining these differences.Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged 18 to 64 years in the Basque Country. We used data from the Basque Health Survey 2007 (n = 4,270) and the Basque Health Survey for Immigrants 2009 (n = 745). We calculated differences in health inequalities in poor perceived health between the native population and immigrant populations from distinct regions (China, Latin America, the Maghreb and Senegal). To measure the association between poor perceived health and place of origin, and to adjust this association by several mediating variables, odds ratios (OR) were calculated through logistic regression models.Results
Immigrants had poorer perceived health than natives in the Basque Country, regardless of age. These differences could be explained by the lower educational level, worse employment status, lower social support, and perceived discrimination among immigrants, both in men and women. After adjustment was performed for all the variables, health status was better among men from China (OR: 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 0.04-0.91) and Maghreb (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08-0.91) and among Latin American women (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14-0.92) than in the native population.Conclusions
These results show the need to continue to monitor social and health inequalities between the native and immigrant populations, as well as to support the policies that improve the socioeconomic conditions of immigrants. 相似文献11.
Objective
To analyze differences in health-related quality of life across weight categories based on body mass index in boys and girls aged 8 to 12 years old.Methods
A cross-sectional study with 678 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 12 years from the province of Alicante (Spain) was conducted. The scores on the dimensions of health-related quality of life, assessed by the Spanish version of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition, across the weight categories (according to the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards) and sex, were compared.Results
Overweight or obesity was found in 28.2% and 15.3% of the sample, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) across the weight categories on the distinct dimensions of health-related quality of life.Conclusions
Children are unaware of the impact of obesity on quality of life. Interventions to increase knowledge of this issue are required. 相似文献12.
José Lorenzo Valencia-Martín Iñaki Galán Pilar Guallar-Castillón Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo 《Preventive medicine》2013
Objectives
To examine the association between alcohol drinking patterns and health-related quality of life (HRQL).Methods
Population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008–2010 among 12,715 adult individuals in Spain. HRQL was assessed with the SF-12 questionnaire and alcohol intake with a diet history. The threshold between average moderate drinking and average heavy drinking was ≥ 40 g/day of alcohol in men and ≥ 24 g/day in women. Binge drinking was defined as the intake of ≥ 80 g in men and ≥ 60 g in women at any drinking session during the preceding 30 days. Analyses were performed with linear regression and adjusted for the main confounders.Results
Compared to non-drinkers, all types of average drinkers reported better scores on the SF-12 physical component: β = 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.81) in moderate drinkers and β = 1.86 (1.07 to 2.64) in heavy drinkers. In contrast, average alcohol consumption was not associated with the mental component of the SF-12. The number of binge drinking episodes and most types of beverage preference showed no association with physical or mental HRQL.Conclusions
Alcohol drinkers, including those with heavy drinking, reported better physical HRQL than non-drinkers. 相似文献13.
Objective
Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.Methods
Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.Results
Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.Conclusions
Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor. 相似文献14.
María Jesús Pardo-Guijarro Bencie Woll Pablo Moya-Martínez María Martínez-Andrés Eugenio Enrique Cortés-Ramírez Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objective
The aim of this paper was to test the validity and reliability of a Spanish sign language (SSL) adaptation of KIDSCREEN-27, a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire for use in deaf children and adolescents.Methods
We performed an observational cross-sectional study of 114 deaf children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years old. The Spanish version of the KIDSCREEN-27 was adapted to SSL through the translation-back translation technique. The adapted questionnaire was then administered using a web tool to ensure complete access to study participants. Floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Structural and cultural validity were tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency. The questionnaire was administered for a second time to the entire sample after 2 to 4 weeks (test-retest reliability).Results
In the SSL version of the KIDSCREEN-27, as in the original Spanish scale, five dimensions explained 59% of the variance. None of the participants obtained the minimum or maximum scores on the scale (floor and ceiling effect, respectively). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the goodness-of-fit of the factor solution with five dimensions of the SSL version. The Cronbach's α of both the total scale and of each of the distinct dimensions was above 0.75. The intra-class correlation coefficient of the test-retest scale was considered acceptable in all the dimensions.Conclusions
The reliability and validity of the SSL version of the KIDSCREEN-27 are similar to those of the original Spanish version, providing a new tool for measuring HRQoL in deaf children and adolescents. 相似文献15.
Nancy Cotugna Marie Fanelli-Kuczmarksi Julie Clymer Lawrence Hotchkiss Alan B. Zonderman Michele K. Evans 《Preventive medicine》2013
Objective
The sodium intake of participants of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study who were in three of the special population groups identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (those with hypertension, African Americans, and those ≥ 51 years) was analyzed to determine if they met sodium recommendations.Methods
The sample included 2152 African American and White subjects, aged 30–64 years. Major dietary sources of sodium for each group were determined from two 24-hour dietary recalls, and dietary intakes were compared with sodium recommendations. Dietary potassium was also evaluated.Results
The intakes of the groups studied exceeded 1500 mg of sodium while their potassium intakes were lower than the Adequate Intake of 4700 mg. The major contributors of sodium included “cold cuts, sausage, and franks,” “protein foods,” and yeast breads.Conclusions
Excessive sodium intake characterized the diet of an urban, socioeconomically diverse population who are hypertensive or at risk for having hypertension. These findings have implications for health professionals and the food industry. 相似文献16.
Background
There is considerable debate about whether sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) should be allowable purchases with benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).Purpose
To examine national patterns in adult consumption of SSBs by SNAP eligibility.Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of 24-hour dietary recall data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010 (N = 17,198), analyzed in 2013.Results
In 2003–2010, 65% of adults receiving SNAP consumed SSBs, averaging 307 cal daily, and 74 g of sugar. Compared to adults ineligible for SNAP, adults receiving SNAP consumed a higher percentage of SSBs (65% vs. 59%, p < 0.001), more calories from SSB per capita (210 kcal vs. 175 kcal, p = 0.001), and more daily calories from SSBs among drinkers (307 kcal vs. 278 kcal, p = 0.008). Overall, per capita consumption from SSBs was highest among adults receiving SNAP (210 kcal, 9% total daily intake), followed by adults eligible but not participating in SNAP (192 kcal, 8% total daily intake) — both of which had significantly higher SSB consumption than ineligible adults (175 kcal, 8% total daily intake) (p < 0.05).Conclusion
Adults eligible for SNAP benefits consume more SSBs than ineligible adults. 相似文献17.
Daniel Grossman Sarah Baum Liza Fuentes Kari White Kristine Hopkins Amanda Stevenson Joseph E. Potter 《Contraception》2014
Objectives
In 2013, Texas passed omnibus legislation restricting abortion services. Provisions restricting medical abortion, banning most procedures after 20 weeks and requiring physicians to have hospital-admitting privileges were enforced in November 2013; by September 2014, abortion facilities must meet the requirements of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs). We aimed to rapidly assess the change in abortion services after the first three provisions went into effect.Study design
We requested information from all licensed Texas abortion facilities on abortions performed between November 2012 and April 2014, including the abortion method and gestational age (< 12 weeks vs. ≥ 12 weeks).Results
In May 2013, there were 41 facilities providing abortion in Texas; this decreased to 22 in November 2013. Both clinics closed in the Rio Grande Valley, and all but one closed in West Texas. Comparing November 2012–April 2013 to November 2013–April 2014, there was a 13% decrease in the abortion rate (from 12.9 to 11.2 abortions/1000 women age 15–44). Medical abortion decreased by 70%, from 28.1% of all abortions in the earlier period to 9.7% after November 2013 (p<0.001). Second-trimester abortion increased from 13.5% to 13.9% of all abortions (p<0.001). Only 22% of abortions were performed in the state's six ASCs.Conclusions
The closure of clinics and restrictions on medical abortion in Texas appear to be associated with a decline in the in-state abortion rate and a marked decrease in the number of medical abortions.Implications
Supply-side restrictions on abortion — especially restrictions on medical abortion — can have a profound impact on access to services. Access to abortion care will become even further restricted in Texas when the ASC requirement goes into effect in 2014. 相似文献18.
Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez Marcela Fu Silvano Gallus Xisca Sureda Carlo La Vecchia Esteve Fernández 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objectives
To assess the variability in the number of cigarettes smoked per person per day in Spain according to the information source (health surveys versus legal sales).Methods
We compared cigarette consumption per person per day (population aged ≥16 years) obtained from the national health surveys in Spain and the official data on legal tobacco sales between 1993 and 2009.Results
Cigarette consumption per person per day decreased between 1993 and 2009. Over the entire period, the number of cigarettes smoked per person per day according to legal sales exceeded that reported by national health surveys (up to 46.9%).Conclusion
The difference in data on the number of cigarettes smoked between national health surveys and legal sales has increased in the last few years in Spain. 相似文献19.
Objective
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a brief scale to assess adolescents' motivation to limit their screen-time using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework.Methods
The development and evaluation of the Motivation to Limit Screen-time Questionnaire (MLSQ) involved three phases. In Phase 1, experts in SDT were asked to review the content validity of the MLSQ items. In Phase 2, adolescent boys (N = 342, mean age = 12.7 ± .5 years) completed the MLSQ and the factorial validity of the model was explored. In Phase 3, adolescent boys (N = 48, mean age = 14.3 ± 1.3 years) completed the MLSQ on two occasions separated by 1-week. Phases 2 and 3 were conducted in New South Wales, Australia in 2012.Results
Twenty four SDT experts reviewed the original scale items. Validity coefficients associated with six of the original eight items exceeded the threshold value (V > .68, p < .01). In Phase 2, the revised three-factor (9-items) model provided a good fit to the data (SRMR = .07, CFI = .96). The intraclass correlation (ICC) values were .67 for amotivation and .70 and .82 for controlled and autonomous motivation, respectively.Conclusion
This study has provided preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the MLSQ in adolescent boys. 相似文献20.