Immunocontraceptive activity guided fractionation and characterization of active constituents of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts

A novel approach for immunocontraception by intervention of local cell mediated immunity in the reproductive system by using single intrauterine application of neem oil has been described earlier. The reversible block in fertility was reported to last for 107–180 days in female Wistar rats (Upadhyay et al., 1990. Antifertility effects of neem oil by single intrauterine administration: A novel method of contraception. Proceedings Of The Royal Society Of London B 242, 175–180) and 7–11 months in monkeys (Upadhyay et al., 1994. Long term contraceptive effects of intrauterine neem treatment (IUNT) in bonnet monkeys: An alternative to intrauterine contraceptive devices. Contraception 49, 161–167). The present study, describes the identification and characterization of the biologically active fraction from neem seeds (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Family Meliaceae), responsible for the above activity in adult female Wistar rats. Initial studies with the mechanically extracted oil and solvent extracts of neem seeds have revealed that the antifertility activity was present in constituents of low to intermediate polarity. A hexane extract of neem seeds was reported to be biologically active (Garg et al., 1994. Comparison of extraction procedures on the immunocontraceptive activity of neem seed extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 22, 87–92). Subsequently, hexane extract was sequentially fractionated through the last active fraction using various separation techniques and tested for antifertility activity at each step. Preparative HPLC was used for isolating individual components of the active fraction in quantities, sufficient for characterization. An analytical HPLC method was developed for standardization of the fraction. The active fraction was identified to be a mixture of six components, which comprises of saturated, mono and di-unsaturated free fatty acids and their methyl esters. Dose response study was performed with the last active fractions. The antifertility activity with the active fraction was reversible in nature and it was completely active until 5% concentration. There was no systemic toxic effect following the administration of the active fraction. This study, for the first time, proposes an active fraction from neem seeds, responsible for long term and reversible blocking of fertility after a single intrauterine administration with high efficacy.     

Hypolipidaemic activity of Helicteres isora L. bark extracts in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

In this study, the hypolipidaemic effect of an aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Administration of the bark extract of Helicteres isora (100 and 200 mg/kgb.w.) for 21 days resulted in significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides in STZ diabetic rats. In addition to that, significant (p<0.05) decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) whereas significant increase (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were observed in STZ diabetic rats, which were normalized after 21 days of bark extract treatment. The bark extract at a dose of 200 mg/kgb.w. showed much significant hypolipidaemic effect than at the dose of 100 mg/kgb.w.     

注射Azadirachta indica水提物对大鼠血红蛋白和血糖含量的影响(英文)

Presently, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies. Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been used in traditional medicine over centuries. In the present study, the effects of water extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds, stems, flowers and bark on the changes of hemoglobin content (Hb) and glucose levels in the blood of Rattus norvegicus were investigated. Different doses of A. indica water extracts of seeds, stems, flowers and bark were injected to the tested animals every 48 h for 14 days. Significant decrease in both hemoglobin content and glucose levels in the blood samples in all groups of injected rats were compared to control group. However, in all groups higher decrease was shown in the rats injected with 1 g·mL-1 of A. indica water extracts. In addition, the present study showed no significant relationship between decreased hemoglobin content and glucose levels in blood samples, and increased doses injected. In conclusion, A. indica has the potential to decrease both hemoglobin content and blood glucose levels.     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of extracts from Potentilla discolor Bunge on diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin

Aim of the study

Potentilla discolor Bunge, commonly found at the north temperate and boreal zone, has been used for diabetes in China for a long time. Flavonoids and triterpenoids are two major types of compounds in P. discolor. This study was designed primarily to investigate the effects of total flavonoids extract (TFE) and total triterpenoids extract (TTE) of P. discolor Bunge on blood glucose, lipid profiles and antioxidant parameters on diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin.

Materials and methods

High fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with the TFE and TTE for 15 days, respectively. A range of parameters were tested including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin (SI), blood lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and nitric oxide (NO).

Results

Diabetic rats treated with TFE or TTE had decreased concentration of FBG and GSP compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the TFE or TTE treated diabetic rats were lower, and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was higher than in the control diabetic rats. Furthermore, the extracts treatment decreased the MDA and NO level, while increased SOD and GSH levels in diabetic rats. Histopathologic examination also showed that the extracts have protective effects on β-cells in diabetic rats which are supported by the increase of SI.

Conclusions

All these experimental results highlighted the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of the two extracts from Potentilla discolor Bunge on diabetes and its complications, possibly through a strong antioxidant activity and a protective action on β-cells.     

Effect of Coccinia indica leaf extract on plasma antioxidants in streptozotocin- induced experimental diabetes in rats

The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant effect of an ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica leaves, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic Medicine in India, in Streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Oral administration of Coccinia indica leaf extract (CLEt) (200 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydroperoxides, vitamin E and ceruloplasmin. The extract also caused a significant increase in plasma vitamin C and reduced glutathione, which clearly shows the antioxidant property of CLEt. The effect of CLEt at 200 mg/kg body weight was more effective than glibenclamide.     

Shilajit attenuates streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus and decrease in pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity in rats

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, s.c. on 2 consecutive days). Hyperglycaemia and superoxide dismutase activity of pancreatic islet cells was assessed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, following STZ administration. In two other groups, shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered concurrently for 28 days. STZ induced significant hyperglycaemia by day 14, which increased progressively on days 21 and 28. STZ also induced a decrease in pancreatic islet cell superoxide dismutase, which was apparent by day 7 and increased progressively, thereafter on days 14, 21 and 28. Shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) had no discernible per se effect on blood glucose levels in normal rats but attenuated the hyperglycaemic response of STZ from day 14 onwards, though only the effect of the higher dose was statistically significant. Similarly, both the doses of shilajit reduced the STZ-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activity from day 14 onwards, the effect of the lower dose being statistically insignificant. The findings confirm earlier observations that STZ-induced hyperglycaemia may be the consequence of a decrease in pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity, leading to accumulation of free radicals and damage of the β-cells. Shilajit attenuates both these effects of STZ possibly by its action as a free radical scavenger. The findings support the postulate that shilajit can prevent maturity onset diabetes mellitus.     

Antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines after treatment with nimbolide extracted from an edible part of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica)

Nimbolide, a triterpenoid extracted from the flowers of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica), was found to have antiproliferative activity against some cancer cell lines. Treatment of cells with 0.5-5.0 microm concentrations of nimbolide resulted in moderate to very strong growth inhibition in U937, HL-60, THP1 and B16 cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis of U937 cells showed that nimbolide treatment (1-2.5 microm) resulted in cell cycle disruption by decreasing the number of cells in G0/G1 phase, with initial increases in S and G2/M phases. Cells exposed to a higher dose of nimbolide for a longer period displayed a severely damaged DNA profile, resulting in a remarkable increase in the number of cells in the sub-G1 fraction, with a reciprocal decrease of cells in all phases. Quantification of the expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer cell membrane showed that doses of nimbolide higher than 0.4 microm exerted remarkable lethality, with over 60% of cells exhibiting apoptotic features after exposure to 1.2 microm nimbolide. The antiproliferative effect of nimbolide and its apoptosis-inducing property raise hope for its use in anticancer therapy by enhancing the effectiveness of cell cycle disruption.     

Potential of phloroglucinol to improve erectile dysfunction associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

ObjectiveDiabetes is a common metabolic disease with several complications in its patients. Often, people living with diabetes develop erectile dysfunction (ED). The primary aim of this work was to investigate the effect of phloroglucinol in diabetes-induced ED in rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were given 52 mg/kg of streptozotocin, by intraperitoneal injection, to induce diabetes and ED. Subsequently, animals were grouped into three groups: group 1, diabetic control; group 2, low-dose phloroglucinol (150 mg/kg body weight); and group 3, high-dose phloroglucinol (250 mg/kg body weight). A group of six normal rats served as a normal control. The rats were treated with phloroglucinol for six weeks and then were assessed for treatment effects. Sexual behavior, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, serum testosterone, serum nitric oxide (NO), blood pressure and sperm count were measured after the end of treatment.ResultsAfter a 6-week treatment period, the high dose of phloroglucinol significantly decreased HbA1c values in diabetic rats. Rats treated with phloroglucinol had increased serum testosterone, NO and sperm count. Animals treated with 250 mg/kg phloroglucinol performed similar to normal rats in the sexual behavioral study, suggesting the reversal of complications of ED. Conversely, a decrease in the blood pressure in treated groups was observed.ConclusionThe results highlight the protective effect of phloroglucinol in diabetes-induced ED in rats warranting further studies.     

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Urtica pilulifera extracts in type2 diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

"Urtica pilulifera has been traditionally used in Egyptian system as an herbal remedy to be a diuretic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hemostatic, antidandruff and astringent"

Aim of the study

To evaluate the potential effects of ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (CHLOR) and hexane (HEXA) extracts of Urtica piluliferaas oral anti-diabetic agents as well as to evaluate their possible anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in type2 diabetic rat model.

Material and methods

Type2 diabetes was induced by a high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic adult male albino rats were allocated into groups and treated according to the following schedule; Pioglitazone HCL (PIO), EA, CHLOR and HEXA extracts of Urtica pilulifera at two doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg were used. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control one were used for comparison. Blood glucose, insulin resistance, antioxidant enzymes, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were evaluated.

Results

EA and CHLOR extracts of Urtica pilulifera exhibited a significant hypoglycemia associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats; however, HEXA extract showed no beneficial effect. These activities are responsible, at least partly, for improvements that have been seen in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Our results encourage the traditional use of Urtica pilulifera extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent as an additional therapy of diabetes.     

Cytoprotective and Anti‐secretory Effects of Azadiradione Isolated from the Seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem) on Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models

Azadirachta indica is well known medicinal plant mentioned in ancient herbal texts. It has been extensively used in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic medicine and has become a luminary of modern medicine. As part of our drug discovery program we isolated azadiradione from the ethanolic extract of seeds of A. indica and evaluated for in‐vivo antiulcer activity in cold restraint induced gastric ulcer model, aspirin induced gastric ulcer model, alcohol induced gastric ulcers model and pyloric ligation induced ulcer model. Azadiradione exhibited potent antiulcer activity through the inhibition of H+ K+‐ATPase (proton pump) activity via its cytoprotective effect and also via its antisecretory effect. This combined effect has valuable potential in the future treatment of peptic ulceration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Begonia malabarica Lam. in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Aim of the study

The stem of Begonia malabarica was used traditionally by the Malasar tribe to treat diabetes. To validate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts obtained from an ethnomedicinal plant, Begonia malabarica.

Materials and methods

The doses for the study were fixed based on Irwin test. The hypoglycemic effect of hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of Begonia malabarica stems were studied in normal animals. The antihyperglycemic effect of the methanol extract was studied in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Results

In normal rats the treatment with the methanol extract of Begonia malabarica had shown a highly significant reduction (16.54 and 34.47%) in plasma glucose levels from the 0 h values at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. In streptozotocin induced diabetic rats the body weight of the Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals had shown a significant increase (13.38% at 200 mg/kg) after 4 weeks treatment. The plasma glucose levels were reduced significantly by 46.57 and 50.20% after 4 weeks treatment at 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Likewise the absolute kidney weight was also reduced in a significant manner. After 25 days treatment the Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals had shown low fasting plasma glucose levels (54.29, 61.34% in 100 and 200 mg/kg) and reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels (54.23, 65.96% in 100 and 200 mg/kg) when compared with diabetic control values. Serum insulin levels and liver glycogen levels were increased to 40.04 and 42.18% in 200 mg/kg Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals respectively. The treatment with Begonia malabarica methanol extract did not change the triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. The urea and creatinine levels were also reduced significantly by this treatment. The reduction in SGPT levels indicated the absence of toxicity of Begonia malabarica extract at this dose level.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of Begonia malabarica by the Malasar tribe for the treatment of diabetes. Fractionation of this extract may yield novel prototypes to manage diabetes mellitus.     

Evaluation of Azadirachta indica leaf extract for hypoglycaemic activity in rats

Water soluble fractions separated from the crude leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. lowered hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin diabetes. Systematic fractionation of the concentrates led to the isolation of flavonol glycosides, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside.     

Hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of Ajuga iva in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats

The purpose of this study was to examine the hypoglycaemic effect of the lyophilised aqueous extract of the whole plant of Ajuga iva (L.) Schreber (Labiatae) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Single and repeated oral administration of the extract of Ajuga iva L (AI) at a dose of 10 mg/kg produced a slight and significant decrease in plasma glucose levels in normal rats 6 h after administration and after 3 weeks of treatment. AI reduced plasma glucose levels of streptozotocin diabetic rats from 337±9.3 to 102.2±17.7 mg/dl after 6 h of oral administration (P<0.001). Repeated oral administration of AI to streptozotocin diabetic rats significantly decreased the plasma glucose levels after 1 week of treatment (112±14.4 mg/dl at 1 week vs 337±9.3 mg/dl at the baseline values, (P<0.001). It continuously decreased thereafter and showed a rapid normalisation after 1 week of AI treatment. It is concluded that these results demonstrated that the water extract of the whole plant of AI possess a strong hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats, and support therefore, its traditional use in diabetes mellitus control.     

黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用

为研究黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用,将经链脲佐菌素诱导成功的32只糖尿病大鼠随机分为黄芪皂苷高、低剂量组、阳性对照组、模型组,分别以黄芪皂苷提取物200,50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1、缬沙坦25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1、生理盐水10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1灌胃,另取8只正常大鼠作为正常对照组(生理盐水10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1),连续给药6周。给药后每周称量大鼠体重,第2,4,6周检测空腹血糖;第6周代谢笼法检测24 h尿量及尿蛋白总量(U-TP);第6周末处死大鼠,心脏取血,检测血清中血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、总胆固醇(CH)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标的含量;取双肾,计算肾肥大指数,观察肾脏病理切片。实验结果显示,模型组大鼠的血糖,24 h代谢值,肾肥大指数,U-TP,BUN,Scr,UA,TG较正常组均有显著性升高(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),病理改变明显加重;经黄芪皂苷提取物治疗后,高剂量组大鼠的24 h代谢值,肾肥大指数,U-TP,BUN,Scr,UA,TG均有明显下降(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),低剂量组大鼠的肾肥大指数,BUN,Scr,UA,TG亦下降明显(P < 0.05),2组大鼠的肾脏病理改变均有所减轻。本实验结果说明黄芪皂苷提取物对糖尿病大鼠具有一定的肾脏保护作用。     

Concurrent administration of aqueous Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract with DOCA-salt prevents the development of hypertension and accompanying electrocardiogram changes in the rat

The effect of concurrent administration of Azadirachta indica leaf extract with DOCA-salt was investigated in the development of hypertension.Over 5-6 week old, inbred male Wistar rats with a starting weight of 190 g were given either: (1) twice weekly subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of vehicle (soyabean oil, 0.25 mL per animal) for the first 2 weeks, plus normal drinking water (controls); (2) twice weekly (s.c.) injections (weeks 1 and 2 only) of 15 mg/kg DOCA dissolved in vehicle, plus drinking water containing 1.0% NaCl and 0.03% KCl (DOCA-salt group); or (3) 20 mg/kg of aqueous neem extract daily, in addition to the DOCA-salt treatment (DOCA-salt-neem group). All groups (8-12 animals) received normal rat pellets ad libitum and their BP was measured weekly. Terminally, the animals were anaesthetized and ECGs recorded using s.c. pins in a lead II configuration.The mean arterial pressure was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the control (97 +/- 3.7 mmHg) and DOCA-salt-neem (87 +/- 3.4 mm Hg) groups than in the DOCA-salt group (115 +/- 7.1 mm Hg). PR and RR intervals and the duration of the QRS complex were shorter (p < 0.05) in the DOCA-salt group than in the control and DOCA-salt-neem groups. Amplitude of the QRS complex was increased (p < 0.05) in the DOCA-salt group compared with both the DOCA-salt-neem and the control groups.Daily administration of 20 mg/kg neem-leaf extract concurrently with DOCA-salt for 5 weeks, prevents the development of hypertension and the accompanying alterations in the ECG patterns seen in DOCA-salt treated rats.     

诸葛菜种子水提物对硫代乙酰胺诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

该实验研究了诸葛菜种子水提物对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。将雄性ICR小鼠随机分为7组:正常组,模型组,双环醇阳性对照组(200 mg·kg-1)及葵花护肝片阳性对照组(350 mg·kg-1),诸葛菜种子水提物低(125 mg·kg-1)、中(250 mg·kg-1)、高(500 mg·kg-1)剂量组。各组按照0.02 mL·g-1灌胃给药,每日1次,连续给药4 d,第4天给药后1 h,除正常组外均腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺溶液100 mg·kg-1建立急性肝损伤模型,24 h后脱臼处死取血、取材。计算肝脏指数;检测血清中ALT,AST,TBiL活性及肝组织中SOD,GSH-Px的活性,MDA,GSH的含量;HE染色法观察肝组织病理变化;Western blot法检测NF-κB p65,Keap-1,Nrf2,p-p38,p-ERK,p-JNK,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8蛋白的表达。结果表明,与模型组相比,诸葛菜各给药组均能明显改善肝脏病理变化,降低肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT,AST,TBiL活性,其高剂量组肝脏组织匀浆上清中SOD与GSH-Px活性升高,GSH含量升高,MDA含量降低,同时可致肝组织中Bax,Keap-1,p-p38,p-JNK,p-ERK,NF-κB p65,cleaved caspase-3蛋白表达水平减少和Nrf2,Bcl-2,caspase-3,caspase-8蛋白表达水平增加。因此,诸葛菜种子水提物对硫代乙酰胺溶液所致小鼠急性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与下调Keap-1,上调Nrf2蛋白表达减轻氧化应激,抑制p38,ERK的磷酸化水平,进而抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活,抑制JNK蛋白的磷酸化,下调Bax,上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。     

Ultrastructural changes in Leydig cells and cauda epididymal spermatozoa induced by Azadirachta indica leaves in albino rats

The effects of Azadirachta indica leaves (500 mg/kg body weight, orally/day), testosterone (0.25 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscularly) and a combination of these two were investigated as to whether Azadirachta indica leaves affect the morphology of Leydig cells and epididymal sperm and their organelles at the ultrastructural level. Azadirachta indica treated rats showed atrophic seminiferous tubules with widening intercellular spaces. Leydig cells exhibited characteristics of degeneration such as indented nuclei; the commencement of degeneration was evident from less chromatin; the reduced amount of a marked decrease in organelle content and scarcity of other cell types of the interstitium in highly vacuolated cytoplasm, which were seem from both light and electron microscopic observations. The number of Leydig cells and their nuclear diameter were reduced significantly. Pathological changes in the spermatozoa of the cauda epididymis were observed and the spermatozoa retained cytoplasmic droplets. It is suggested that regression of Leydig cells and the absence of interstitium cell types indicates an androgen deficiency, which affects the spermatozoa in the epididymis by disturbing the internal epididymal milieu. The antiandrogenic and antispermatogenic properties of Azadirachta indica leaves appear to lead to a reduced fertilizing ability of the sperm.     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. leaves extract in streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In traditional Indian medicine, all parts of Emblica officinalis Gaertn plant including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers are used in various herbal preparations for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, chronic diarrhea, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the hypoglycemic and antioxidants effects of the hydro-methanolic (20:80) extract of leaves of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (HMELEO) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

Material and methods

The hypoglycemic effect was measured by blood glucose and plasma insulin level. The oxidative stress was measured in liver and kidney by level of antioxidant markers i.e. lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), and the biochemical parameters, i.e. blood serum levels of creatinine, urea, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminases (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminases (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were the salient features observed in diabetic control and treated rats.

Results

Oral administration of the HMELEO at a concentration of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.w. daily for 45 days showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in fasting blood glucose and increase insulin level as compared with the diabetic rats. Also it significantly (P<0.05) reduced all biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, serum urea, SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile). The treatment also resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decrease LPO level in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats.

Conclusion

The results clearly suggest that the hydro methanolic extract of leaves of Emblica officials Gaertn. treated group may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetes at dose dependent manner than the glibenclamide-treated groups. The extract exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals and reducing the risk of diabetic complications.     

茶多酚对链脲菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的防治作用

目的 :研究茶多酚对糖尿病 (DM)大鼠肾损伤的防治作用。方法 :采用链脲菌素 (STZ)腹腔注射致大鼠 DM模型 ,通过茶多酚及苯那普利治疗 ,对比观察尿蛋白排泄 ,内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr) ,血、尿内皮素- 1 (ET- 1 ) ,肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF-α)及肾病理。结果 :茶多酚有类似苯那普利减轻 DM大鼠尿量增多及Ccr增高的幅度 (P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,减少尿蛋白排泄 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,降低尿 ET- 1 (P<0 .0 1 )水平的作用 ,并能降低DM大鼠血甘油三脂水平。肾病理损害较模型组明显减轻 (P<0 .0 0 2 )。结论 :茶多酚对 STZ诱导 DM大鼠肾损伤具有防治作用     

参芪麦地颗粒对糖尿病大鼠降血糖作用的研究

目的 研究参芪麦地颗粒对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用,并初步探讨其作用机理.方法 采用高脂高糖饲料结合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,并分为模型对照组,参芪麦地颗粒低、中、高剂量组,同时设立正常对照、西药对照组及中药对照组.研究参芪麦地颗粒对糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血清胰岛素(Ins)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等指标的影响.结果 参芪麦地颗粒3个剂量组糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白降低,血清胰岛素、高密度脂蛋白升高,与模型组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 参芪麦地颗粒对糖尿病大鼠有较好的降血糖作用,其作用可能与增加血清胰岛素水平有关.