静脉应用胺碘酮治疗阵发性房颤36例疗效观察

目的观察静脉应用胺碘酮治疗阵发性房颤的临床疗效。方法将68例阵发性房颤病人随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组静脉应用胺碘酮150mg加入生理盐水稀释，于10min静脉注入。转复窦性心律后静脉维持（600μg／min），同时口服胺碘酮，每周5d。第1周600mg／d，第2周400mg／d，第3周200mg／d。对照组用普罗帕酮70mg，加入5％葡萄糖液稀释，5min～10min静脉注入。转复窦性心律后次日口服普罗帕酮200mg，8h口服1次，一周后逐渐减量至150mg／d维持。观察两组转复窦性心律的有效率、不良反应及维持率。结果治疗组转复率为86％，维持率为81％；对照组转复率为84％，维持率为56％。结论胺碘酮与普罗帕酮均可静脉应用于转复阵发性房颤。但胺碘酮在维持窦性心律方面较普罗帕酮更为有效。     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮对于房颤转复与维持窦律的临床观察

目的观察胺碘酮与普罗帕酮对阵发性快速心房颤动的治疗效果。方法选择144例患者按就诊先后顺序随机分为2组。A组（74例）给予胺碘酮注射液负荷量150mg，静推10min注射完毕，观察10min，未恢复窦性心律或心率仍较快者以0．5～1mg／min维持静脉滴注；复律成功后给予胺碘酮片口服维持窦律。B组（70例）给予普罗帕酮注射液70mg，静推10min注射完毕，观察10min，未恢复窦性心律，重复应用，最大累积量为210mg；复律成功后给予普罗帕酮片口服维持窦律。结果胺碘酮治疗组复律成功率为78．38％，普罗帕酮治疗组复律成功率为51．43％，两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗1、3．6、12个月后胺碘酮组左心房直径渐缩小，E、A及E／A渐提高，使E／A倒置得到恢复。结论胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对阵发性快速房颤均有较高的转复率。胺碘酮复律后窦律维持率高于普罗帕酮，胺碘酮对逆转心房心肌重构安全有效。     

静脉注射胺碘酮转复器质性心脏病并阵发性房颤的疗效观察

目的对比胺碘酮和普罗帕酮(心律平)转复器质性心脏病并阵发性心房颤动的疗效.方法将阵发性房颤发作1 h～ 72 h病人8例, 随机分为胺碘酮组40例和心律平组41例,心律平组静脉注射心律平70 mg;胺碘酮组静脉注射胺碘酮150 mg后改为静脉输注150 mg～450 mg,观察其复律情况及药物副反应.结果心律平组阵发性房颤41例,复律成功28例.胺碘酮组阵发性房颤40例,复律成功31例.两组未复律者心室率均有明显控制, 胺碘酮组副反应发生例数少于心律平组.结论静脉应用胺碘酮治疗并发器质性心脏病的快速房颤是有效且较安全的方法.     

静脉注射普罗帕酮与西地兰转复阵发性房颤的疗效比较

目的　比较静注普罗帕酮和西地兰转复阵发性房颤的疗效。方法　将 5 8例阵发性房颤患者随机分成普罗帕酮组和西地兰组 ,分别静脉推注西地兰 0 4mg～ 0 6mg或普罗帕酮 70mg～ 2 10mg ,观察房颤转复情况、心室率变化及药副作用。结果　普罗帕酮组 30例 ,转复成功 2 2例 (73 3% ) ;西地兰组 2 8例 ,转复成功 13例 (46 4 % ) ;P <0 0 1。半小时转复成功率 :普罗帕酮组 4 3 8% ,西地兰 7 8% ;P <0 0 1。转复成功时间 :普罗帕酮组 (47 6± 37 7)分钟 ,西地兰组(86 1± 5 3 5 )分钟。P <0 0 1。结论　在转复阵发性房颤中普罗帕酮的成功率高于西地兰 ,普罗帕酮转复成功时间比西地兰亦有显著差异     

普罗帕酮和胺碘酮急诊转复阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效比较

目的观察普罗帕酮(心律平)和胺碘酮注射液(可达龙)治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效。方法将我科2011年1月—2012年1月收治的67例PSVT患者,随机分为普罗帕酮组36例和胺碘酮组31例,分别给予静脉应用普罗帕酮与胺碘酮,观察对PSVT的转复有效率、复律时间及不良反应。结果普罗帕酮组转复有效率91.7%(33/36),胺碘酮组转复有效率100.0%(31/31),两组有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);转复时间普罗帕酮组(13.0±4.58)min,明显短于胺碘酮组(24.3±7.1)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论普罗帕酮和胺碘酮转复PSVT效果均好,但普罗帕酮组平均转复时间较胺碘酮组快,适用于无严重器质性心脏病,心功能正常者;胺碘酮平均转复时间较普罗帕酮慢,但适应证广,对有器质性心脏病,心肌缺血或心功能不全患者首选。     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效

目的:研究胺碘酮与普罗帕酮静注治疗老年阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效及不良反应。方法:选择我院2010年3月~2015年3月收治的100例老年PSVT患者,按随机数表法均分为胺碘酮组和普罗帕酮组,分别静脉推注胺碘酮和普罗帕酮,观察比较两组患者的临床疗效及不良反应。结果:胺碘酮组和普罗帕酮组的治疗总有效率(94.0%比92.0%)和复律成功率(84.0%比86.0%)均无显著差异,P均0.05。与胺碘酮组比较,普罗帕酮组复律平均时间[(27.45±9.72)min比(15.36±5.67)min]显著缩短,而不良反应发生率(20.0%比36.0%)显著升高(P均0.05)。结论:胺碘酮与普罗帕酮治疗老年阵发性室上性心动过速疗效无明显差异,但普罗帕酮较胺碘酮复律时间较短,而不良反应较多。     

胺碘酮治疗急性心肌梗塞与非急性心肌梗塞伴阵发性房颤的疗效

目的:评价急性心肌梗塞(AMI)与非急性心肌梗塞伴阵发性心房颤动(PAF)静脉应用胺碘酮的疗效。方法:选择23例AMI及20例非AMI伴PAF患者,应用胺碘酮5mg/kg的负荷量后,给予10～20mg/kg.d维持,24h量不超过2200mg。结果:房颤转复率:AMI组100%,非AMI组70%(14/20),差异有显著性(P<0.05);转复时间:AMI组(2063±140)min,非AMI组(215±138)min,两组差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胺碘酮治疗AMI并发阵发性房颤患者转复率高,安全、可靠,可作为首选用药。     

静脉普罗帕酮和毛花甙C转复阵发性非瓣膜病心房颤动

目的　对比普罗帕酮和毛花甙C在转复阵发性非瓣膜病心房颤动 (房颤 )的作用。方法　房颤发作在 0 5～ 72小时的患者 ,随机分入普罗帕酮组和毛花甙C组。静脉推注毛花甙C 0 4～ 0 6mg或普罗帕酮 70～ 2 10mg ,观察房颤转复情况及心室率的变化。 结果　共 70例患者 ,阵发性房颤病程 ( 2 8 2± 4 2 0 )个月。毛花甙C组 3 4例 ,转复成功 15例 ( 4 4 1% ) ;普罗帕酮组 3 6例 ,转复成功 2 8例 ( 77 8% ) ;P <0 0 1。转复成功时间 :毛花甙C组 ( 86 1± 5 3 5 )分钟 ,普罗帕酮组 ( 4 7 6±3 7 7)分钟 ,P =0 0 5 ;未转复成功者的心室率下降情况 :毛花甙C组由 ( 12 4 6± 2 0 3 )次 /min降至( 93 1± 19 2 )次 /min ,普罗帕酮组由 ( 12 4 0± 3 2 1)次 /min降至 ( 118 6± 2 1 0 )次 /min ,P >0 1。结论　在阵发性房颤的转复中静脉普罗帕酮的成功率高于毛花甙C ,普罗帕酮转复时间较毛花甙C短 ,而毛花甙C在减慢心室率方面优于普罗帕酮。     

45例阵发性房颤患者静脉注射胺碘酮转复的临床分析

目的:评估静脉注射胺碘酮转复阵发性房颤的疗效及安全性。方法:45例阵发性房颤(发作时间≤7 d)患者,均患有器质性心脏病,采用胺碘酮负荷量150 mg,稀释后10 min静脉注射,继之以1 mg/min静脉滴注维持;必要时15 min后重复负荷量150 mg;6 h后以0.5 mg/min维持,转复后逐渐过渡到口服胺碘酮长期维持。结果:24 h内45例心室率均有效控制,37例复律成功,转复成功率82%;转复后出现长RR间期2例,窦性心动过缓2例,无动脉血栓栓塞及尖端扭转性室速发生。结论:静脉注射胺碘酮转复有器质性心脏病合并阵发性房颤患者安全有效,转复治疗中积极防治并发症至关重要。     

普罗帕酮与胺碘酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效与安全性

目的:研究比较普罗帕酮与胺碘酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效与安全性。方法:选择本院2013年1月～2018年5月收治的90例PSVT患者纳入本次研究。患者被随机均分为普罗帕酮组和胺碘酮组,两组均在常规治疗基础上接受相应药物治疗24h。观察比较两组患者治疗前后的血压水平、心率、心功能指标:LVEDV、LVESV和LVEF,对比两组的转复时间、60min内转复成功率以及治疗期间两组不良反应发生情况。结果:两组PSVT转复率(普罗帕酮组91.11%比胺碘酮组93.33%)无显著差异(P=1.000)。与治疗前比较,治疗24h后两组血压水平、心率均显著降低,P均=0.001;但治疗前后两组间均无显著差异,P均0.05。普罗帕酮组转复时间[(12.66±2.06)min比(22.80±2.28)min]显著短于胺碘酮组,P=0.001。与普罗帕酮组比较,胺碘酮组治疗24h后LVEF显著升高[(63.24±3.67)%比(66.83±4.01)%],LVEDV显著降低[(96.65±5.24)ml比(92.09±4.37)ml],LVESV显著降低[(38.40±2.87)ml比(30.13±7.34)ml],P均=0.001。胺碘酮组不良反应总发生率(8.89%比24.44%)显著低于普罗帕酮组,P=0.048。结论:普罗帕酮与胺碘酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速均具有显著疗效,普罗帕酮转复时间短,胺碘酮不良反应少且可提高心功能水平,临床上应根据患者的具体情况选择应用药物。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.