顺铂与高聚生联合治疗恶性腹水64例临床观察

目的　观察顺铂与高聚生联合治疗恶性腹水的疗效。方法　 64例恶性腹水随机分成两组 (单药组和综合组 ) ;常规腹穿 ,抽尽腹水 ,分别用 0 9%N S 10 0 0ml+顺铂 60mg/m2 或 0 9N .S 10 0 0ml+顺铂 60mg/m2 +高聚生 3 0 0 0u行腹腔灌注。结果　单药组有效率 5 7.5 % ( 19/3 3 ) ,综合组有效率 80 65 % ( 2 5 /3 1) ,两组疗效比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组不良反应无明显区别。结论　高聚生联合顺铂用于治疗恶性腹水疗效高毒副反应轻微 ,病人容易接受     

康艾注射液联合顺铂治疗癌性腹水临床随机对照研究

目的通过联合应用康艾注射液和顺铂（DDP）及顺铂单药腹腔内给药治疗恶性腹水,以评价其加用康艾注射液治疗恶性腹水的疗效和毒性。方法将63例病例随机分为两组,A组予顺铂加康艾,B组单用顺铂,予腹腔内注入,每周1次,连续4周,再评价疗效及不良反应。结果顺铂加康艾组腹腔内给药有效率较单用顺铂组有显著提高,两组治疗其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不良反应方面,加用康艾组所致的胃肠道反应及肝功能损害较单药组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论康艾注射液联合顺铂治疗恶性腹水在提高了临床疗效的同时,能减轻化疗药物导致的不良反应发生。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂/卡铂在宫颈癌新辅助化疗中的作用

目的探讨紫杉醇联合顺铂/卡铂在宫颈癌新辅助化疗中的作用。方法选择2003年2月~2006年7月经病理确诊的109例Ⅰb2期宫颈鳞癌患者作为研究对象。新辅助化疗联合手术治疗组(以下简称联合治疗组)58例,术前采用紫杉醇联合顺铂/卡铂化疗,2~3周后手术;另51例行单纯手术治疗(以下简称单纯手术组)。观察联合治疗组化疗1个疗程的有效率及2组术后宫颈深间质层浸润、脉管癌栓、淋巴结转移情况,同时观察新辅助化疗的毒副反应及评价新辅助化疗的安全性。结果联合治疗组中,完全缓解10例,部分缓解35例,稳定13例,进展0例,临床有效率为77.6%(45/58);联合治疗组的肿瘤最大横径由化疗前的(4.46 0.31)cm缩小为化疗后的(3.08 0.22)cm,P<0.05;联合治疗组与单纯手术组的术中出血量分别为(379.48 169.45)ml及(398.82 228.10)ml,P>0.05;手术时间分别为(158.70 20.27)min及(160.19 25.82)min,P>0.05;联合治疗组与单纯手术组的宫颈深层间质浸润发生率分别为55.2%(32/58)及56.9%(29/51),P>0.05;脉管癌栓发生率分别为31.0%(18/58)及31.4%(16/51),P>0.05;淋巴结转移率分别为22.4%(13/58)及25.5%(13/51),P>0.05。在联合治疗组中,出现Ⅰ~Ⅲ度的骨髓抑制42例,占72.4%(42/58),经使用粒细胞集落刺激因子,骨髓抑制症状好转,血象恢复正常,无1例化疗相关死亡。结论紫杉醇联合顺铂/卡铂用于宫颈癌新辅助化疗,可缩小瘤体,提高宫颈癌的近期疗效。     

高聚金葡素与顺铂联合治疗恶性胸腔积液临床疗效观察

目的:观察高聚金葡素联合应用顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法:选取我院2009年1月至2012年10月患有恶性胸腔积液的住院患者30例,分成2组,其中单药顺铂(A组)15例,高聚金葡素联合顺铂(B组)15例。结果:A组有效率为53.33%,B组为80.00%。B组的临床疗效及生活质量明显优于A组(P<0.05),不良反应轻微、可控。B组发热及胸痛发生率显著高于A组(P<0.05),其它不良反应相近。结论:高聚金葡素联合应用顺铂治疗晚期肿瘤并发恶性胸腔积液的疗效优于单药顺铂治疗,不良反应轻微。     

卵巢癌合并腹水患者腹腔化疗的近期疗效分析

目的探讨卵巢癌腹腔化疗的价值.方法对29例卵巢癌合并腹水患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,卡铂腹腔化疗组18例,顺铂腹腔化疗组11例.结果卡铂腹腔化疗组腹水消失的程度比顺铂腹腔化疗组好,但两组之间各年生存率近似,肿瘤基本切净组与未切净组各年生存率比较差别明显.结论手术的彻底程度对卵巢癌的预后影响明显,残余病灶越小预后越好;卡铂是腹腔化疗药物的首选,以卡铂腹腔化疗加顺铂为主的全身化疗,是晚期卵巢癌合并腹水患者的重要治疗途径.     

顺铂经腹腔给药治疗癌性腹水20例观察

目的 观察顺铂经腹腔给药治疗癌性腹水疗效。方法 癌性腹水患者20例经腹腔内注射顺铂观察腹水变化。结果 以腹水消退情况观察疗效,显效5例(25％),有效11例(55％),无效4例(20％),总有效率80％。结论 顺铂腹腔内给药治疗癌性腹水是一种安全有效的方法。     

腹腔免疫化疗治疗消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的疗效观察

目的　探讨腹腔免疫化疗治疗晚期消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的近期疗效及相关机理。方法　 2 8例消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水患者采用顺铂 (DDP)加高聚金葡素 (HASL)或白介素 2 (IL -2 )进行腹腔灌注治疗 ,予B超测定患者治疗前、后腹水变化情况。结果腹腔免疫化疗治疗消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水有效率 82 1%,其腹水消退率明显高于单纯腹腔化疗 ,而且毒性较低。结论　顺铂联合抗肿瘤生物调节剂腹腔内灌注对消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的治疗是一种安全、简便、有效的新方法     

腹腔免疫化疗治疗消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔免疫化疗治疗晚期消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的近期疗效及相关机理。方法28例消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水患者采用顺铂(DDP)加高聚金葡素(HASL)或白介素2(IL-2)进行腹腔灌注治疗，予B超测定患者治疗前、后腹水变化情况。结果腹腔免疫化疗治疗消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水有效率82．1％，其腹水消退率明显高于单纯腹腔化疗，而且毒性较低。结论顺铂联合抗肿瘤生物调节剂腹腔内灌注对消化道肿瘤合并癌性腹水的治疗是一种安全、简便、有效的新方法。     

晚期卵巢上皮癌并腹水患者综合治疗疗效分析

目的观察晚期卵巢上皮癌并腹水综合治疗疗效.方法回顾分析了1996年1月～1999年1月收入院综合治疗晚期卵巢上皮癌并腹水患者49例的临床资料.基本冶疗方法是新辅助化疗→手术治疗→术后辅助化疗,其中腹腔灌注卡铂/顺铂为化疗的重要方法.结果经过腹腔灌注化疗,所有病例术前腹水均得到控制;所有病例均获得手术治疗机会,基本切净组1、3、5年生存率分别为100.0%(43/43)、45.0%(20/36)和26.7%(4/15);未切净组1、3、5年生存率为66.7%(4/6)、25.0%(1/4)和0,基本切净组与未切净组3年生存率比较,差异有显著性.P＜0.05.卡铂与顺铂治疗的效果相似,但卡铂的毒副作用低于顺铂.结论以腹腔灌注化疗为重要方法的综合治疗可改善晚期卵巢上皮癌并腹水患者治疗疗效;腹腔灌注药物的选择上,卡铂似乎优于顺铂.     

单药顺铂与顺铂联合吉西他滨同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的预后分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨中晚期宫颈鳞状细胞癌单药顺铂与顺铂联合吉西他滨同步放化疗的近期疗效、不良反应及生存率之间的差异。 ［方法］ 回顾分析121例宫颈鳞状细胞癌,FIGO分期为ⅡB~ⅢB期,卡氏评分≥70分。顺铂组（63例）接受外照射加锎252中子后装治疗及顺铂同步化疗;顺铂+吉西他滨组（58例）接受同样放疗及顺铂联合吉西他滨同步化疗。比较两组患者的近期疗效、不良反应及生存率。［结果］ 顺铂组近期有效（CR+PR）率为90.48%,顺铂+吉西他滨组近期有效率为91.38%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);顺铂+吉西他滨组中患者不良反应中骨髓抑制、肝功能损害与顺铂组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余不良反应无统计学差异;放射性肠炎和膀胱炎的发生率两组无差异;两组生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 ［结论］ 在中晚期宫颈鳞状细胞癌的临床治疗中,对患者实施放射治疗的同时选择顺铂或顺铂联合吉西他滨的近期疗效和生存率之间无差异,联合用药增加患者的不良反应,还需探索更优的联合化疗方案。     

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carboplatin and interferon alpha in the treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer: a pilot study.

In ovarian cancer patients intraperitoneal chemotherapy confers pharmacokinetic advantages and appears an attractive way to improve the efficacy of certain antineoplastic agents. Intraperitoneal carboplatin and interferon alpha have been separately evaluated in ovarian cancer "with promising results". We report a phase I-II pilot trial of intraperitoneal carboplatin 400 mg/sqm plus interferon alpha 25 x 10(6) U q 28 d in 16 patients (pts) previously treated with intravenous cisplatin based chemotherapy. All the patients had relapsed (11 pts) or refractory (5 pts) disease; residual tumors were less than 2 cm in 10 pts and greater than 2 cm in 6 pts. Local and general toxicities were moderate, with neither WHO grade 4, nor neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. Myelotoxicity was the most frequent side effect. Among 14 evaluable pts, objective responses were observed in 6 pts (42.8%) including 3 pts with pathologically confirmed complete response (21.4%); six more pts presented prolonged disease-free survival. Response occurred in both categories of pts with greater than or less than 2 cm residual disease, also in pts refractory to prior intravenous cisplatin. The proper role of intraperitoneal treatment cannot be exactly defined without large randomized trials designed to compare intraperitoneal to intravenous drug administrations.     

全身化疗联合腹腔化疗治疗晚期卵巢癌的临床观察

目的 观察全身化疗联合腹腔化疗对晚期卵巢癌的疗效及毒副反应.方法 24例卵巢癌,用紫杉醇135 mg/m2,卡铂400 mg/m2静滴,每4周重复1次,共化疗2个周期,顺铂60 mg,地塞米松10 mg腹腔化疗,每2周1次,进行2～3个周期,中位疾病进展时间(MTTP)9个月(5～12个月),无复发生存期5个月,观察每次化疗毒副反应及疗效.结果 24例中CR 12例、PR 7例,RR 79.2%,毒副反应为剂量限制性骨髓抑制、消化道反应.结论 全身化疗联合腹腔化疗对晚期卵巢癌有较好疗效.     

Chemotherapy of germ-cell ovarian tumours: First-line treatment with etoposide,bleomycin and cisplatin or carboplatin

Of 9 patients with malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours (OGCT) treated with combination chemotherapy between 1980 and 1985, 8 are alive and disease-free at 6–62 months. All patients received etoposide and bleomycin and 8 out of 9 also received a platinum analogue; in one case carboplatin, in a second carboplatin plus cisplatin, and in the remainder, cisplatin. In one patient treated prior to the introduction of carboplatin, poor renal function precluded the use of cisplatin. Two patients with Stage III dysgerminomas are disease-free at 44 and 62 months after receiving chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy to the whole abdomen or pelvis. Of 7 patients with non-dysgerminomatous OGCT, including 2 dysgerminomas with raised serum alphafetoprotein, 6 are disease-free at 6–56 months.On the basis of these observations and experience reported elsewhere, surveillance after removal of the primary tumour is proposed for early-stage dysgerminoma, and chemotherapy is suggested for advanced presentations as an alternative to surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. Combination chemotherapy is indicated for all stages of non-dysgerminomatous OGCT.     

Vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary

Fourteen patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors were treated with vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. A complete clinical response was achieved in all 14 patients; however, 1 patient had small macroscopic disease present at second-look laparotomy. One patient died of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. The remaining 13 patients are alive and free of disease from 20 months to 8 years and 8 months after initial diagnosis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were monitored in all patients and were found to be reliable indicators of response to treatment and disease status. The uninvolved ovary was preserved in seven patients without compromising the response to treatment, and one patient subsequently became pregnant. Vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin chemotherapy appears to be a safe, effective combination and is recommended as the primary treatment of choice in the management of patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.     

A systematic overview of chemotherapy effects in ovarian cancer.

A systematic review of chemotherapy trials in several tumour types was performed by The Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). The procedures for the evaluation of the scientific literature are described separately (Acta Oncol 2001; 40: 155-65). This overview on chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer is based on a total of 176 scientific reports. Five meta-analyses including 17,291 patients, 33 prospective randomised studies including 12,340 patients, 36 prospective studies including 3,593 patients and one retrospective study including 421 patients. The studies include approximately 33,642 patients. The conclusions reached can be summarized into the following points: Radically operated patients with low-risk early ovarian cancer (stage IA or IB non-clear-cell well-differentiated carcinomas or borderline tumours) have a very good prognosis and there is no indication for adjuvant therapy. Radically operated patients with high-risk early ovarian cancer (clear cell carcinomas or FIGO stage IA or IB moderately or poorly differentiated carcinomas or stage IC) have a substantial risk for micrometastatic disease. However, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear and such therapy should, thus, only be used within clinical trials. The median overall survival for patients with advanced (FIGO stages II-IV) ovarian cancer randomised to paclitaxel/platinum-containing chemotherapy in three large studies ranged between 36-39 months. Compared with historical data, this represents a six to seven times longer median survival time than after surgery only. The probability for long-term survival for patients treated with a paclitaxel/platinum combination is too early to define. In two prospective randomised trials in advanced ovarian cancer, paclitaxel in combination with cisplatin has provided a survival benefit over cyclophosphamide/cisplatin. Based on these trials, paclitaxel/cisplatin is considered to be the standard treatment. This choice of standard therapy might, however, be questioned based on the results of the hitherto largest randomised study in advanced ovarian cancer, ICON3, which is, as yet only available in abstract form. It compared paclitaxel/carboplatin with carboplatin only or a platinum combination (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/cisplatin). There were no statistically significant differences in progression-free or overall survival. The drug regimen in the control arms of the previous studies showing superiority of the paclitaxel-cisplatin combination may not have been the optimal non-paclitaxel platinum-containing regimen. Three randomised studies have compared carboplatin/paclitaxel with cisplatin/paclitaxel. All three are hitherto only published as abstracts with short follow-up precluding survival analyses. None of them shows any difference in response rates. All three show less toxicity and one also better quality of life with carboplatin. Thus, there are preliminary data supporting the substitution of cisplatin with carboplatin. Intraperitoneal therapy with cisplatin caused improved survival compared with intravenous therapy in one ramdomised study. Further studies have shown trends to better survival and longer progression-free interval with intraperitoneal therapy. The accrual to studies on intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been poor reflecting that it is a cumbersome and not easily accepted treatment. In advanced ovarian cancer, no convincing advantage has been shown from more dose-intensive chemotherapy, without cytokines or bone marrow stem cell support, compared with standard doses. High response rates are achieved with high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell support in the salvage situation but response duration is short. Phase III studies evaluating high-dose chemotherapy in the first-line situation are ongoing. Until supportive controlled clinical trials are presented, high-dose chemotherapy should be confined to clinical trials. Tumour response is frequently observed on re-treatment with the same drugs as given first-line in patients sensitive to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy with a long progression-free interval. Thus, in these patients treatment with a platinum/paclitaxel combination might be recommended. albeit based on limited data. In patients resistant to first-line therapy, a number of single agents induce tumour responses in the range of 10-30%. The literature does not permit general treatment recommendations in these patients, which are recommended to be included in controlled clinical trials.     

Recent advances in ovarian cancer chemotherapy]

The standard approach for epithelial ovarian cancer has been maximum cytoreductive surgery followed by combination therapy. Several prospective control studies individually failed to demonstrate improved survival advantage for the Adriamycin containing combination compare with cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide. The two drug combination of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide will be thought to become the treatment of choice, because it is equally effective as and less toxic than a regimen of cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide. Clinical trials are also in progress with more dose-intense regimens based on considerable retrospective evidence that survival is correlated with the dose intensity of platinum compounds. Currently, high dose carboplatin plus Gm-CSF, two-drug combination of carboplatin and cisplatin and super high dose carboplatin combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation are undergoing clinical trials. Taxol and taxotere, most important cancer drugs after emergence of cisplatin compound, has been shown to have clinical activity in drug resistant ovarian cancer patients. Majority of patients even with advanced germ cell tumors of the ovary is now cured because of the development of effective platinum-based combination chemotherapy of PVB or BEP.     

Dose intensification of platinum compounds with glutathione protection as induction chemotherapy for advanced ovarian carcinoma.

Based on previous clinical experience indicating the tolerability and efficacy of high-dose cisplatin with glutathione protection in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, this study was undertaken to explore the efficacy and feasibility of an alternative high-dose, platinum-based approach including a combination of high-dose cisplatin plus carboplatin as induction chemotherapy of advanced ovarian carcinoma and intervention surgery. Fifty consecutive eligible patients with untreated stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer received 40 mg/m(2) cisplatin daily on days 1-4 and 160 mg/m(2) carboplatin on day 5. The cycle was repeated after 28 days. Patients received glutathione (2,500 mg) before each cisplatin or carboplatin administration and standard intravenous hydration. After 2 courses of induction chemotherapy, the patients underwent surgical reevaluation with debulking, when possible, followed by a further 3 cycles of 120 mg/m(2) cisplatin (i.e. 40 mg/m(2) daily for 3 consecutive days plus 600 mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide on day 3) except in instances of lack of response. All eligible patients were assessed for response and toxicity. The toxicity was moderate with lack of significant nephrotoxicity. Neurotoxicity and ototoxicity were acceptable and in no patient was treatment discontinued for those toxic effects. Myelotoxicity was somewhat more severe than that observed with our previous study with high-dose cisplatin and probably related to the addition of carboplatin. Of the 40 responsive patients, 23 (46%) had a pathological complete response and 4 (8%) had a clinical complete response (without second-look laparotomy). The efficacy of the present protocol was also documented by overall survival (median survival >48 months), which appeared to be better than expected with the current therapy in this group with advanced/bulky disease. The impressive efficacy suggests a possible contribution of reduced glutathione itself in improving the outcome, as supported by preclinical studies. The results of this study should be placed in context with current platinum-based therapy including paclitaxel.     

Salvage carboplatin therapy for advanced ovarian cancer after first-line treatment with cisplatin.

From April 1989 to August 1990, 17 patients with Stage 3 or 4 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were treated with intravenous carboplatin (160-400 mg/m2) for refractory or recurrent disease after first-line treatment with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Of fifteen patients evaluable for activity, two complete responses and two partial responses were seen, for a response rate of 27%. The duration of response was 4.5, 5, 8, and 9.2 months, respectively, and responders survived longer than nonresponders. Of the nine evaluable patients receiving carboplatin as the first salvage treatment, four responses were seen. Dose selection for the first cycle of carboplatin was based on previous treatment, and adjustments were made on the basis of myelosuppression. In general, treatment was well tolerated--severe myelosuppression occurred after 6 of 73 cycles. This review confirms previous reports of anti-tumor activity of carboplatin in patients with refractory or recurrent advanced EOC who respond to first-line treatment with cisplatin. Further evaluation may help define the toxicity and efficacy of salvage treatment with carboplatin compared to cisplatin in patients who recur after a prolonged disease-free interval after first-line cisplatin-based therapy.     

Primary squamous cell carcinoma arising from endometriosis of the ovary: A case report and literature review

Cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from ovarian endometriosis have been rarely reported. Most of the patients show a poor prognosis and present with a diminished survival time. We present a SCC case arising from endometriosis, and analyzed the clinical, therapeutic, and pathologic features through a comprehensive literature review. A 43-year premenopausal woman (gravida 2, para 1) presented to our hospital due to sudden pain in lower abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy indicated rupture of left ovarian cyst and intra-abdominal hemorrhage were observed. Frozen section pathologic examination indicated malignant ovarian (left-sided) epithelial tumor (poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma). She received hysterectomy, adnexectomy, and omentectomy. Initially, the patient received 3 cycles of chemotherapy using paclitaxel and cisplatin via peritoneal injection. Subsequently, the regimen was altered to 2 cycles of paclitaxel or cisplatin chemotherapy through intravenous injection due to poor tolerance. Upon diagnosis of vaginal metastasis, 2 cycles of chemotherapy was performed using cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. Pathologic analysis revealed massive poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma in the fibrous tissues. Besides, cancer embolus was noticed in the lymphatic vessels. Besides our case, 20 cases of infiltrating SCC of the ovary associated with or arising from endometriosis were found. The tumor was associated with 80% patient mortality in the first few months. Adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin or cisplatin appeared to contribute to the survival duration. The best outcomes were obtained in patients received paclitaxel and carboplatin or cisplatin after radical surgery. In future, further studies are needed to validate the efficiency of such regimen.