腹腔镜胆囊切除术与内镜括约肌切开取石术联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与内镜Oddi括约肌切开取石术(EST)联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾分析LC与EST联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石20例的临床资料、结果手术成功率95．0％，结石取净率100．0％，无并发症，平均住院7．5d结论LC与EST联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石150例报告

目的:探讨内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石的价值。方法:回顾性分析150例胆总管结石患者经内镜腹腔镜联合治疗的临床资料。结果:本组患者全部治愈。120例患者接受了十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphicterotomy,EST)和十二指肠逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscapic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP);30例患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术(laparoscopic choledocholithotomy T-tube drainage,LCTD)。结论:内镜腹腔镜联合治疗胆总管结石优于传统手术,在具备较高内镜、腹腔镜技术水平的条件下是安全可行的,且可作为首选方式。     

三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石临床疗效及预后分析

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合胆总管探查术(腹腔镜、胆管镜和十二指肠镜三镜联合治疗)与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合LC治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石老年病人(≥65岁)的临床疗效.方法:回顾性...     

联合应用LC与EST治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的: 探讨联合应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗胆囊和胆总管结石的疗效. 方法: 对18例病人术前按常规行B超或CT检查,证实为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石.11例先行LC,一个月后行ERCP检查并做EST治疗;7例先行B超、ERCP检查及EST,一周后行LC. 结果: 全组18例均获成功,无中转开腹及严重并发症. 结论: 联合应用LC和EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的方法切实可行,具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快等优点.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开术治疗胆囊-胆总管结石现状

自法国医生Mouret于1987年首次应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)以来，由于其微创的优点已在世界范围内广泛用于临床。我国第6届全国胆道外科学术会议统计至1995年3月，全国已完成LC40000例以上。因LC本身的特点，在合并总胆管结石的胆囊结石患者的治疗时其应用受到限制。随着LC联合内镜Oddi括约肌切开术(EST)的应用和发展，腹腔镜技术在胆道结石治疗方面由单一胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石发展到对胆总管结石和相关疾病的治疗。     

腹腔镜联合内窥镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的 :评价腹腔镜联合内窥镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 :6 0例胆囊胆总管结石患者经逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP) ,切开Oddi括约肌 (EST) ,网篮取石和气囊排石后 ,再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。结果 :手术成功率为 80 % ,结石取净率为 10 0 % ,无严重并发症。术后住院 3～ 12d。结论 :腹腔镜联合内窥镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床疗效可靠     

腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果。方法2003年7月-2005年8月我院有18例胆囊并胆总管结石手术先行腹腔镜胆囊切除，然后切开胆总管用胆道镜探查，取出胆总管结石。结果1例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹，17例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆道镜胆总管探查术。结论腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床效果可靠。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术和内镜括约肌切开取石术不同"顺序"联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石的临床观察

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic choplecystectomy,LC)与内镜括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,ES)联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石是微创伤外科发展的新课题[1],我院1996～1998年采用LC和ES不同顺序联合治疗胆囊胆总管结石31例,现报告如下. 1.临床资料:31例分两组,ES-LC组(n=12),男7例,女5例,年龄37～67岁(平均54岁),术前B超和CT检查均明确诊断胆囊胆总管结石,胆总管直径为1.2～0.6 cm,其中合并梗阻性黄疸2例.LC-ES组(n=19),男性8例,女性11例,年龄17～68岁(平均52岁),术前B超均诊断胆囊结石,诊断胆总管结石5例,LC术后复查B超和ERCP检查诊断胆总管结石14例,胆总管直径为0.9～0.6 cm.     

腹腔镜顺行性括约肌切开术

在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中,胆总管结石一般先用内镜逆行括约肌切开术取出,1993年巴西DePaulo采用腹腔镜顺行性括约肌切开术,在胆囊切除的同时处理胆总管结石,作者介绍自己的经验在6例胆囊和胆总管结石的治疗结果,病人平均年龄41岁(16～74岁),4例为女性.1例术前两氨酸转氨酶(ALT) 升高,术中胆道造影显示下端胆总管内多个结石,经胆囊管未能取除结石;2例急性胆囊炎病人也有胆总管多发结石;2例患有胆石性胰腺炎;1例AIDS病人患有胆石性胰腺炎.按常规行腹腔镜胆囊切除,自胆囊管进行术中胆道造影,并从中插入一外径3. 1mm可屈性胆道镜,其中1例巨大结石嵌在胆囊管和胆总管交接处,延长胆囊管切口至胆总管,去除结石后才能插人胆道镜.均用取石篮清除给石.如有多发性胆总管结石而不能取净或嵌在壶腹部,则行顺行性括约肌切开术,插人内镜乳头切开刀,另自口腔插人十二指肠镜,在其侧孔视野的电视屏引导下切开括约肌.仅在扩大切口至胆总管壁的病例才置-T管引流,并     

EST治疗LC术后胆总管结石体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)后行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)和内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗胆总管结石的安全性和效果. 方法 对LC术后出现黄疸或胆管炎的56例胆总管结石患者,行ERCP明确诊断并利用EST取石. 结果 56例患者共取出结石72枚,3例第2次行ERCP并用气囊取石成功,术后患者均痊愈出院,复查B超无结石残存或胆管扩张. 结论 EST治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石,安全、无创、有效,是治疗LC术后胆总管结石的首选方法.     

The use of ERCP in the management of common bile duct stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications and results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for gallstone disease since the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In our personal series of 410 consecutive cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we found 17 common bile duct (CBD) stones; seven were identified by preop ERCP, nine at laparoscopy by intraoperative cholangiography, and one postop by ERCP. We have performed preop ERCP in 21 patients (5.1%); CBD stones were found in seven. Our indications for preop ERCP were elevated liver function tests, dilatation of the common duct by ultrasound, or a history of jaundice/pancreatitis, and all stones were successfully removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy. At laparoscopic cholecystectomy nine patients were found to have stones; one was treated with laparoscopic methods, four with open CBD exploration, and four by postop endoscopic sphincterotomy. Post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy, five patients underwent ERCP for pain or increased liver function tests suggestive of common duct stones. One of the five was found to have stones and these were successfully removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy. ERCP is very useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients with suspected CBD stones. Elevated liver function tests and dilated CBD by ultrasound are the most accurate predictors of stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a more effective route, at present, for stone removal than a laparoscopic approach.     

Comparison of endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct is becoming more popular, although endoscopic sphincterotomy remains the usual treatment for bile duct stones. However, loss of the biliary sphincter causes permanent duodenobiliary reflux, and recurrent stone disease and biliary neoplasia may be a consequence. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to compare laparoscopic exploration with endoscopic sphincterotomy. A text word search of the Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane databases, and a manual search of the citations from these references, was used. RESULTS: Endoscopic sphincterotomy is associated with a median (range) mortality rate of 1 (0-6) per cent, compared with 1 (0-5) per cent for laparoscopic bile duct exploration. The median (range) rate of pancreatitis following endoscopic sphincterotomy is 3 (1-19) per cent; this is a rare complication after laparoscopic duct exploration. The combined morbidity rate for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy is 13 (3-16) per cent, which is greater than 8 (2-17) per cent for laparoscopic bile duct exploration. Randomized trials are few and contain relatively small numbers of patients. They show little overall difference in rates of duct clearance, but a higher mortality rate and number of hospital admissions are noted for endoscopic sphincterotomy compared with laparoscopic bile duct exploration. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is associated with recurrent stone formation (up to 16 per cent) with associated cholangitis. It is also associated with bacterobilia and chronic mucosal inflammation. The late development of bile duct cancer has been reported in up to 2 per cent of patients. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct may be a better way of removing stones than endoscopic sphincterotomy plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy. :     

Preoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for the Management of Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10-Year Experience

Abstract No procedure has yet been identified as the “gold standard” for the detection and treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This prospective study involves 2137 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The algorithm for diagnostic management in place until July 1997 involved routine intravenous cholangiography and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Subsequently, assessment of the bile duct was not routinely performed, but a scoring system was applied to single out those patients at risk of CBDS who should undergo intravenous cholangiography and/or ERC (see Fig. 2). Whenever bile duct stones were found, endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was performed, and LC was performed with a standardized four-cannula technique after endoscopic bile duct stone clearance. Common bile duct stones were suspected in 340 patients who were referred for preoperative ERC; 250 patients were referred for ES; 21 patients were referred for open surgery because of failure of ERC or sphincterotomy. Common bile duct stones, detected in 283 cases (13.2%), were removed before surgery in 250 cases (88.3%) and during surgery in 28 cases (9.9%). Self-limited pancreatitis occurred in 4.2% of the patients after sphincterotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 98.4% of the cases. The conversion rate was 8.3% if sphincterotomy had been performed previously and 3.4% after standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p < 0.001). The morbidity rate was 4.5%; mortality, 0.09%. During follow-up five patients (0.2%) had retained stones endoscopically treated. Future trials of novel strategies for detecting and treating CBDS should compare the results of novel strategies with those of the strategy employed in this study, which includes selective ERC, preoperative ES, and LC.     

Choledocholithiasis: evolving intraoperative strategies

In the era of open cholecystectomy, common bile duct stones were approached by traditional choledocholithotomy. Retained or recurrent stones discovered after cholecystectomy were approached by endoscopic extraction techniques or repeat surgery. With the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the approach to choledocholithiasis became more problematic as techniques for laparoscopic extraction were rudimentary. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography rapidly became an adjunct to laparoscopic cholecystectomy when common duct stones were likely. Experience, however, revealed that many of these procedures were unnecessary. With developing sophistication of laparoscopic techniques, a variety of approaches to common duct stones developed. These included: transcystic extraction, direct laparoscopic choledocholithotomy, intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, antegrade sphincterotomy, and transcystic placement of a common duct stent with subsequent endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. It is the purpose of this article to define the current role of each of these methods in the laparoscopic approach to choledocholithiasis.     

The role of laparoscopy in the management of common bile duct obstruction in children

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is commonplace in adults; however, this procedure is not often performed in children. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in children. METHODS: Of 50 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, six patients (12%) had obstructing lesions of the common bile duct (CBD). Five children underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and one child had a preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal. RESULTS: The mean age at laparoscopic CBD exploration was 11.6 years (range, 5-16). The obstructing lesion was visualized by intraoperative cholangiography in all five patients. The mean operative time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy along with CBD exploration was 215 min (range, 160-282). The transcystic laparoscopic CBD exploration was performed using a 7-Fr, multichannel rigid, or 10-Fr flexible fiberoptic cystoscope. The stones were either pushed into the duodenum with the scope or extracted through the cystic duct using a 3-Fr Segura basket. In one patient, a candidial ball disintegrated during an attempt to remove it with the basket. A repeat cholangiogram at the end of each procedure showed an anatomically normal CBD with free flow of contrast into the duodenum. All patients enjoyed a quick recovery. They were started on a regular diet on the same day of surgery and discharged on the 1st or 2nd postoperative day. One patient with sickle cell disease developed a pulmonary infarction and required 5 additional days of hospitalization. One patient developed recurrent choledocholithiasis 6 months after laparoscopic exploration and was treated successfully with endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic CBD exploration can be performed safely at the time of the cholecystectomy in children. Endoscopic sphincterotomy before cholecystectomy is not necessary. We recommend laparoscopic CBD exploration for obstructing lesions of the CBD. Endoscopic sphincterotomy should be reserved for recurrent lesions of the CBD after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Endoscopic,percutaneous and laparoscopic treatment for acute biliary pancreatitis

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of acute gallstone pancreatitis treatment and to discuss indications in relation with the different forms of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From january 1992 to june 2001, 137 patients have been treated for an acute gallstone pancreatitis. Diagnostic criteria were given by the history, clinical examination, biochemical and radiological findings. After exclusion of patients with a systemic disease, a group of 129 patients have been enrolled in a treatment regimen with an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and eventual sphincterotomy, a percutaneous US-guided cholecystostomy (PC) when necessary and an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. RESULTS: ERCP has been successfully performed in 121/129 patients. A PC has been performed in 5/8 patients of the failed endoscopic procedure and in 14 with acute cholecystitis. Retrograde and percutaneous cholangiographies showed main bile duct stones in 89 patients, a dilatation of the main bile duct without stones in 26 patients and a negative finding in 6 patients. An endoscopic sphincterotomy has been performed in 117 patients. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been performed in 118 patients. Mortality and morbidity rates were 1.6 and 10.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: ERCP and sphincterotomy seem to be indicated in all patients observed during the first 72 hours. Endoscopic treatment and percutaneous procedure make it possible to reduce at a very low rate the cases with an unfavourable course of the disease. A definitive treatment may then be performed by the way of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

The laparoscopic approach to cholecysto-choledocholithiasis.The "rendez-vous " technique

A combined method of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with common bile duct (CBD) stone extraction and laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia for a single-session treatment of patients with colecysto-choledocholithiasis is described. The so called "rendez-vous" technique consists in: standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography followed by ES if common bile duct stones are detected. The sphincterotome is driven across the papilla through a wire guide inserted by transcystic route. Nine patients were scheduled for "rendez-vous" approach. At intraoperative cholangiography 4 have had CBD stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and CBD clearance were successful in all patients. No complication was encountered. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5 days. The laparo-endoscopic "rendez-vous" approach is feasible, it reduces the number of unnecessary ERCP examinations, it lowers the morbidity related with endoscopic sphincterotomy and shortens the hospital stay.     

Cholecystectomy by celioscopy: indications and safety of the method. Apropos of a consecutive series of 300 patients]

We performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 300 patients with gallstone disease complicated or not. The rate success was 97%, however involved the pathology might be. Indeed, 15% of the patients had an acute cholecystitis (10% catarrhalis, 5% empyema). Twenty-four patients with common bile duct stones had a complete endoscopic management of the biliary disease: endoscopic sphincterotomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Operative mortality was absent and overall morbidity was 3.7%, exclusively minor.     

内镜十二指肠乳头切开联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的 :探讨胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创术式及几种术式的优缺点。方法 :回顾总结采用十二指肠乳头切开取石 ,再行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石 32例的治疗经验 ,分析该术式的优点。结果 :32例中 2例行十二指肠乳头切开取石失败 ,行开腹胆囊切除术加胆总管探查取石、十二指肠乳头成形术。余者均采用内镜十二指肠乳头切开取石后腹腔镜胆囊切除术方法治愈 ,均取得良好疗效 ,无 1例出现胆囊结石脱落致胆总管结石复发。结论 :绝大多数胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病例适用于此术式。比先行腹腔镜胆囊切除再行内镜十二指肠乳头切开取石更为安全可靠。