Temporary Pancreatic Duct Stenting to Prevent Pancreatitis Induced by Endoscopic Sphincter Dilation

Abstract: To investigate whether prophylactic temporary stenting of the main pancreatic duct would decrease the incidence of pancreatitis after endoscopic sphincter dilation (ESD), we conducted this procedure subsequent to ESD in 13 patients who had common bile duct stones. After ESD and extraction of stones, a stent was placed into the pancreatic duct across the papilla of Vater. The stent was removed endoscopically three days later. Stents were successfully placed in 12 (92.3%) patients. In 11 of the patients, there was no significant elevation of serum amylase values before and after the procedure. The remaining patient, whose stent was identified as occluded, demonstrated elevated serum amylase values. However, there were no other procedure-related complications. Although our report was only limited to 12 cases, our results suggest that temporary pancreatic stenting may help prevent postprocedual pancreatitis. (Dig Endosc 1999; 11:32–36)     

Predictive factors for acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation

BACKGROUND: Although endoscopic papillary balloon dilation may result in acute pancreatitis or hyperamylasemia, the risk factors for these complications have not been well documented. Risk factors predictive of acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after endoscopic papillary balloon dilation were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS: In 118 patients who underwent endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for choledocholithiasis, postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia (at least 3-fold elevation) were investigated. A multivariate analysis was conducted for 20 potential risk factors related to clinical and procedure characteristics. RESULTS: Bile duct clearance was achieved in 113 patients. Early complications in the form of mild pancreatitis occurred in 7 patients (6%). Multivariate analysis identified history of acute pancreatitis as the only risk factor for postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation pancreatitis. Postendoscopic papillary balloon dilation hyperamylasemia occurred in 30 patients (25%). Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent risk factors for hyperamylasemia: an age of 60 years or less, previous pancreatitis, bile duct diameter 9 mm or less, and difficult bile duct cannulation. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is associated with a relatively low occurrence (6%) of pancreatitis but a high frequency (25%) of hyperamylasemia. The latter may represent pancreatic irritation or latent pancreatic injury. Particular care is necessary when endoscopic papillary balloon dilation is performed in younger patients, those with a history of pancreatitis, patients with a nondilated bile duct, and when cannulation is difficult.     

A new technique for removal of bile duct stones with an expandable metallic stent

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sphincterotomy is used routinely for extraction of bile duct stones. Also, endoscopic papillary dilation is a safe and effective technique that significantly reduces the need for papillotomy. However, extraction of large and/or multiple stones after endoscopic papillary dilation can be difficult. A new technique, endoscopic metallic stent-lithotripsy, for treatment of bile duct stones without endoscopic sphincterotomy or endoscopic papillary dilation is described. METHODS: A self-expandable metallic stent was used to dilate the major duodenal papilla to allow lithotripsy and removal of bile duct stones in 38 patients. RESULTS: The bile duct was successfully cleared of stones in 36 cases (95%). Complications included one episode of mild pancreatitis and one of cholangitis. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of patients who underwent successful expanding metallic stent-lithotripsy was small, the method is promising as an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy and endoscopic papillary dilation.     

Endoscopic pancreatic sphincter balloon dilation for effective retrieval of pancreatic duct stone

To facilitate pancreatic stone retrieval, four patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones underwent endoscopic pancreatic sphincter balloon dilation (EPSBD) rather than pancreatic sphincterotomy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy combined with endoscopic removal was carried out in three patients. Stone removal following EPSBD was completely successful in all four patients. Patients showed no severe complications during the dilation procedure. In one patient, to prevent pancreatitis, an endoscopic nasopancreatic drain was placed for 1 week after EPSBD. Compared with pancreatic sphincterotomy, EPSBD can be performed safely in patients with chronic pancreatitis to assist in the extraction of pancreatic duct stones. Use of the EPSBD procedure in cases of chronic pancreatitis provides a useful approach to improve endoscopic clearance of pancreatic duct stones.     

胰管支架预防困难胆管插管ERCP术后急性胰腺炎的前瞻性研究

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）中置入胰管支架对困难胆管插管患者ERCP术后急性胰腺炎（PEP）的预防效果。方法120例行ERCP诊疗发生困难胆管插管的患者采用随机数字表法随机分成2组,一组术中置入胰管支架（观察组）,另一组未置入（对照组）,对比分析2组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症、PEP的发生率以及术后患者腹痛评分结果。结果观察组发生ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症15例（27．3％）,PEP5例（8．3％）,无一例重症PEP,术后患者腹痛评分（3．82±1．48）分;对照组发生ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症18例（30．0％）,PEP14例（23．3％）,重症PEP2例（3．3％）,术后患者腹痛评分（4．78±1．93）分。2组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;观察组PEP、重症PEP发生率以及术后患者腹痛评分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论置入胰管支架可以有效降低胆管插管困难所引起的PEP的风险,并能有效缓解患者术后疼痛,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Prognostic factors for recurrence of bile duct stones after endoscopic treatment by sphincter dilation

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome for patients after endoscopic sphincter of Oddi dilation is poorly documented. This study investigates the recurrence rate for bile duct stones in patients followed for 1 year or more after endoscopic sphincter dilation and stone extraction, and assessed prognostic factors associated with recurrence of ductal calculi. METHODS: A total of 169 patients with bile duct stones were treated with endoscopic sphincter dilation between July 1998 and August 2001. Follow-up studies consisted of periodic biochemical tests and out-patient evaluations with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or magnetic resonance cholangiography performed when follow-up exceeded 1 year. Putative risk factors for stone recurrence included gender, age, stone size and number, associated peripapillary diverticulum, gallbladder status, color of bile duct stones, and bile duct diameter. Statistical analysis consisted of both a Kaplan-Meier estimation and a multivariate Cox regression model. RESULTS: Complete stone clearance was achieved in 162 (95.8%) patients, of whom 151 were followed (13 patients died from unrelated disorders). Mean follow-up was 23 months. Stone recurrence was documented in 13 patients. Patients with dilated bile duct or peripapillary diverticulum were at high risk for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The interval between treatment of bile duct stones by endoscopic sphincter dilation and the recurrence of biliary calculi is relatively short. Bile duct size and peripapillary diverticula are risk factors for early recurrence.     

青少年慢性胰腺炎的内镜诊断与治疗

目的：研究诊断性和治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)在青少年慢性胰腺炎(CP)诊断及治疗中的价值。方法：回顾分析1997年2月～2002年2月间确诊为青少年CP并行ERCP的13例临床资料。结果：13例中12例存在腹痛症状，10例有“胰腺炎”病史。ERCP见胰管扩张12例，胰管结石7例，胰腺假性囊肿2例，胰腺分裂症3例，胆囊结石l例。内镜下治疗：乳头括约肌切开术7例，胰管取石6例，支架置入5例，胰管狭窄扩张术4例，副乳头切开2例。ERCP后高淀粉酶血症4例，胰腺炎急性发作3例，均为水肿型胰腺炎。经6—68个月随访，ll例未复发，2例复发者经再次ER-CP治疗后腹痛未再出现。结论：ERCP对青少年CP的诊断及治疗有较高的价值。但青少年CP患者ERCP术后具有较高的并发症发生率，对此内镜医师应高度重视。     

Endoscopic pancreatic duct stent placement for inflammatory pancreatic diseases

The role of endoscopic therapy in the management of pancreatic diseases is continuously evolving; at present most pathological conditions of the pancreas are successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography （ERCP） or endoscopic ultrasound （EUS）, or both. Endoscopic placement of stents has played and still plays a major role in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis, pseudocysts, pancreas divisum, main pancreatic duct injuries, pancreatic fistulae, complications of acute pancreatitis, recurrent idiopathic pancreatitis, and in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. These stents are currently routinely placed to reduce intraductal hypertension, bypass obstructing stones, restore lumen patency in cases with dominant, symptomatic strictures, seal main pancreatic duct disruption, drain pseudocysts or fluid collections, treat symptomatic major or minor papilla sphincter stenosis, and prevent procedure-induced acute pancreatitis. The present review aims at updating and discussing techniques, indications, and results of endoscopic pancreatic duct stent placement in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pancreas.     

Efficacy and safety of low-pressured and short-time dilation in endoscopic papillary balloon dilation for bile duct stone removal

Background and Aim:  Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) has been advocated as an alternative therapy to endoscopic sphincterotomy for bile duct stones. However, studies have shown that EPBD may increase the risk for pancreatitis. Pancreatitis after EPBD is believed to be related to papillary damage after balloon dilation. We changed the dilation method to a theoretically less hazardous one. This modified dilation method was compared with the initial method.
Methods:  A total of 324 patients with bile duct stones underwent EPBD by the modified method between June 1999 and June 2003. Three hundred and twenty-four patients undergoing EPBD by the initial method served as a historical control group. The success rate of stone removal and the incidence of procedure-related pancreatitis were compared between the two groups. In the modified method, the balloon was inflated until disappearance of the balloon waist, and the pressure was then maintained for 15 s. In the initial method, the balloon was inflated at 8 atmospheres for 2 min.
Results:  Bile duct stones were successfully removed in 313 of 324 patients (96.6%) in the modified group and in 314 of 324 patients (96.9%) in the initial group (not significant). The incidence of postprocedure pancreatitis showed a lower tendency in the modified group (4.0%, 13/324) than in the initial group (7.4%, 24/324) ( P -value = 0.0626). The severity of pancreatitis was significantly reduced in the modified group.
Conclusion:  The modified method of EPBD is feasible for extraction of bile duct stones, and may potentially decrease the incidence of severe post-EPBD pancreatitis.     

Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a safe method in the management of common bile duct stones

BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a widely accepted treatment for patients with common bile duct stones. Despite improvement in this technique, endoscopic sphincterotomy is still associated with some biliary complications. Endoscopic balloon dilatation is a less traumatic and sphincter preserving method for removal of common bile duct stones. However, the results of controlled studies in comparison with these two methods are contradictory. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilatation and endoscopic sphincterotomy in Chinese patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 104 patients with common bile duct stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to endoscopic balloon dilatation or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic balloon dilatation was performed by using a balloon dilator to dilate the sphincter for 5 min. The common bile duct stones were then removed by a Dormia basket after endoscopic balloon dilatation or endoscopic sphincterotomy. Mechanical lithotripsy was performed if the stones were difficult to remove by Dormia basket. After discharge, patients were regularly followed up for biliary complications. RESULTS: The successful bile duct stone clearance rate was 94.1% in endoscopic balloon dilatation group and 100% in endoscopic sphincterotomy group. Post-procedural significant haemorrhage was higher in endoscopic sphincterotomy group than in endoscopic balloon dilatation group (14/53 versus 1/48, P < 0.001). The bleeding patient from endoscopic balloon dilatation group was a case of uremia and bleeding occurred 48 h after endoscopic balloon dilatation. All the patients with post-procedural haemorrhage were controlled endoscopically. The post-procedural serum amylase level showed no significant difference in both groups and none of them developed clinical pancreatitis. After a mean 16 months follow-up, three patients (6.3%) in endoscopic balloon dilatation group and four patients (7.5%) in endoscopic sphincterotomy group developed recurrent common bile duct stones. The recurrent common bile duct stones were multiple and muddy in consistency. They were successfully removed endoscopically. CONCLUSION: Both endoscopic balloon dilatation and endoscopic sphincterotomy are safe and effective techniques for the treatment of common bile duct stones. Endoscopic balloon dilatation can be safely applied in patients with coagulopathy and does not increase the incidence of pancreatitis or bleeding.     

Outcome following endoscopic stenting of pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis

GOALS: To assess outcomes following 6 months of endoscopic stenting for dominant pancreatic duct strictures in painful chronic pancreatitis. BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stent placement may improve pain in chronic pancreatitis. Long-term outcomes after a 6-month period of stenting are unknown. STUDY: We identified all patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent stenting of a dominant pancreatic duct stricture at one hospital. Stents were left in place for 6 months. Changes in weight, hospital visits, and narcotic use were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up for the 15 subjects was 36 months; 87% improved following stent placement, and 11 (73%) completed 6 months of stent therapy. Hospital visits per subject decreased from 3.6 in the year prior to stent placement to 0.1 in the year after stent removal (P < 0.01). Oral narcotic use decreased from 33 mg MSO4/day in the month prior to stenting to 2 mg MSO4/day in the 12 months after stent removal (P = 0.01). Mean weight change was -5 kg in the year prior to stenting and +3.2 kg in the year after stent insertion (P < 0.01); 36% required endoscopic reintervention during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Six months of stenting resulted in sustained clinical improvement in most patients with chronic pancreatitis and a dominant pancreatic duct stricture. Stenting was associated with subsequent weight gain, fewer hospital visits, and less narcotic use.     

EUS-assisted rendezvous stenting of the pancreatic duct for chronic calcifying pancreatitis with multiple pseudocysts.

Introduction: The best choice of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts complicating chronic pancreatitis is currently unknown, with EUS-guided transmural drainage competing with ERCP transpapillary techniques. However, recent studies currently recommend the use of both techniques in complex cases. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient with chronic calcifying pancreatitis, with severe ductal obstruction and multiple communicating pancreatic pseudocysts. The patient presented in the emergency department with weight loss, jaundice, steatorrhea and diabetes. Initial imaging evaluation (by transabdominal US, EUS and MRCP) depicted a dilated common bile duct, intrahepatic bile ducts and dilated main pancreatic duct (up to 1 cm) with multiple stones, as well as three pseudocysts at the level of the pancreatic head and one pseudocyst at the level of the pancreatic tail. ERCP with direct cannulation and transpapillary drainage of the bile duct or pancreatic duct was unsuccessful. Consequently, a EUS-assisted rendezvous stenting of the pancreatic duct was done, with the transpapillary placement of a 5-cm stent. Biliary cannulation was also possible with the placement of a double pigtail 9-cm stent in the common bile duct. Subsequent evolution was rapidly favorable with the disappearance of the pancreatic pseudocysts on the control CT after 24 h. Conclusion: Our case clearly showed the benefit of combined draining procedures even in cases of chronic pancreatitis with multiple pseudocysts where surgical drainage was previously deemed necessary.     

内镜在胰胆管合流异常诊疗中的作用探讨

目的探讨ERCP在胰胆管合流异常中的诊断价值,评估内镜治疗的效果。方法16例胰胆管合流异常（PBM）患者,通过ERCP造影进行PBM分型,结合临床症状,分析引起相关疾病的机制、影像特点,根据合并的其它胰胆疾病,选择适当的内镜取石、扩张或引流等治疗,观察治疗效果。结果16例胰胆管合流异常患者多伴有腹痛、呕吐、黄疸等症状,及转氨酶和／或淀粉酶水平的升高。其中,Ⅰ型（B—P型）7例,Ⅱ型（P—B型）5例,Ⅲ型（复杂型）4例;合并胆总管囊肿扩张10例,无扩张者5例,胆管癌并狭窄1例;伴有胆管结石11例（4例为蛋白栓）、胰管结石2例（1例不伴胆管结石）。9例予内镜下胆管取石,2例胰管取石,术中置入胆道支架引流7例,行鼻胆管引流3例,胰管支架置入5例,胆道金属支架置人1例。术后临床症状均明显缓解。结论ERCP是一种可靠的诊断手段,其分型与PBM相关疾病表现有明显相关,选择性、暂时性的内镜治疗在外科术前是有效的、必要的。     

Pancreatic guidewire placement for achieving selective biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

AIM： To investigate the frequency and risk factors for acute pancreatitis after pancreatic guidewire placement （P-GW） in achieving cannulation of the bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP）.
METHODS： P-GW was performed in 113 patients in whom cannulation of the bile duct was difficult. The success rate of biliary cannulation, the frequency and risk factors of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and the frequency of spontaneous migration of the pancreatic duct stent were investigated.
RESULTS： Selective biliary cannulation with P-GW was achieved in 73% of the patients. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 12% （14 patients： mild, 13; moderate, 1）. Prophylactic pancreatic stenting was attempted in 59% of the patients. Of the 64 patients who successfully underwent stent placement, three developed mild pancreatitis （4.7%）. Of the 49 patients without stent placement, 11 developed pancreatitis （22%： mild, 10; moderate, 1）. Of the five patients in whom stent placement was unsuccessful, two developed mild pancreatitis. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed no pancreatic stenting to be the only significant risk factor for pancreatitis. Spontaneous migration of the stent was observed within two weeks in 92% of the patients who had undergone pancreatic duct stenting.
CONCLUSION： P-GW is useful for achieving selective biliary cannulation, Pancreatic duct stenting after P-GW can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, which requires evaluation by means of prospective randomized controlled trials,     

Endoscopic therapy in anomalous pancreatobiliary duct junction.

BACKGROUND: Anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction is associated with bile duct strictures, pancreatitis, choledochal cysts, and biliary carcinoma. Limited data are available for outcomes of endoscopic therapy. METHODS: Review of 7537 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from 1988 to 1997 yielded 18 patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction. Therapeutic responses were tallied by chart review and phone calls. RESULTS: There were 13 women and 5 men, with a mean age of 36 years. Twelve patients had no ductographic evidence of pancreatitis and 6 had chronic pancreatitis. Seven had choledochal cysts. Fifteen patients (83%) underwent endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, two of whom underwent repeat endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy for recurrence of symptoms. The other therapies included stent placement for benign biliary strictures in 5 patients, lithotripsy of pancreatic stones in 1 patient, and choledochal cyst removal in 4 patients. Three cases with malignant biliary strictures are excluded from endoscopic outcome studies. The 12 patients with pancreatitis had a mean of 2.0 episodes per year before any treatment. After endoscopic therapy 7 patients had no further episodes of pancreatitis, whereas 5 patients had further episodes, with a mean of one additional attack per year, over 3 years mean follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction have complex pathology associated with strictures, choledochal cysts, pancreatitis, and malignancies. Endoscopic therapy appeared to benefit 13 of 15 patients without malignant disease with elimination of or decreased frequency of pancreatitis. Endoscopic therapy appears to be a logical first step in the management of most symptomatic patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction.     

Endoscopic pancreatic and biliary manometry in pancreatic, biliary, and papillary disease, and after endoscopic sphincterotomy and surgical sphincteroplasty.

Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure only in papillary stenosis. After endoscopic sphincterotomy mean common bile duct pressure fell from 11.2 to 1.1 mmHg and pancreatic duct pressure from 18.0 to 11.2 mmHg. Distinct pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter zones were identified as phasic pressures of 3-12 waves/minute on pull-through from pancreatic duct and common bile duct to duodenum. Pancreatic duct sphincter pressures were higher with common bile duct stones and stenosis whereas bile duct sphincter pressures were higher in pancreatitis and stenosis. Bile duct sphincter activity was present in 60% of patients after surgical sphincteroplasty but 21% of patients after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic manometry facilitated the diagnosis of papillary stenosis, has allowed study of papillary pathophysiology and has shown a functional inter-relationship between the two sphincteric zones.     

Prophylactic Pancreatic Stent Placement for Endoscopic Duodenal Ampullectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background/Aims

We investigated the efficacy of prophylactic pancreatic stent placement for preventing postprocedure pancreatitis in patients undergoing endoscopic papillectomy.

Methods

This retrospective study included 82 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy for benign ampullary neoplasm at Samsung Medical Center between August 2002 and June 2011. The patients were subdivided into two groups, namely, those who received prophylactic pancreatic stent placement and those who did not. Patient demographics, baseline blood test, tumor characteristics, and endoscopic treatment data were collected. The primary endpoint was postprocedure pancreatitis.

Results

There was no difference in the development of postprocedure pancreatitis between the stent group and the no stent group (6/54, 10.5% and 2/28, 7.14%, respectively; p=1.00). At baseline, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of their risk factors for pancreatitis except pancreatic duct dye injection. The stent group was more likely to have dye injection than the nonstent group (100% vs 42.8%, p<0.001). However, in a logistic regression analysis, no significant difference was observed in the risk factors for pancreatitis including dye injection.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that routine prophylactic pancreatic duct stent placement in all patients undergoing endoscopic papillectomy may not be necessary and that large-scale prospective studies are required to identify the subgroup of patients who would benefit.     

ERCP术后胰腺炎相关危险因素探讨

目的 探讨与操作有关的危险因素（胰管显影、插管困难、乳头括约肌切开）与ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的关系。方法 对42例乳头括约肌切开（EST）、16例插管困难、48例胰管显影的患者术后淀粉酶动态变化与高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的关系进行评价。结果 插管困难者行EST术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发生率明显升高，与诊断性ERCP比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。插管容易的患者行EST术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发生率与诊断性ERCP比较，无明显差别（P〉0．05）。胰管显影的患者术后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的发生率明显高于无胰管显影的患者（P〈0．05）。结论 胰管显影、插管困难是ERCP术后胰腺炎的危险因素，而乳头括约肌切开不是ERCP术后胰腺炎的危险因素。     

经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病的应用价值

目的　探讨经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析 1995年 7月至 2 0 0 2年 3月经内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病 42 2例次的效果及并发症 ,探讨各种方法的应用价值及优缺点。结果　 42 2例患者分别采取了乳头切开、气囊扩张、机械碎石、取石、鼻胆引流术、胆道放置内支架等治疗 ,其成功率为 94 5 5 %,并发症3 79%。结论　内镜微创治疗胆胰疾病有效、安全且对病人损伤小、可代替部分胆胰疾病的外科手术治疗。     

ENBD预防胆总管结石ERCP术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的临床价值

目的观察内镜鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的效果。方法收集我院胆总管结石行ERCP取石术的患者367例,其中ENBD组309例,对照组58例,比较两组术后2 h及24 h血清淀粉酶值、高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的发生率。结果 ENBD组术后2 h、24 h的血清淀粉酶值分别为(396.6±240.3)U/L和(620.8±345.5)U/L,明显低于对照组的(593.9±470.5)U/L和(1 074.0±609.1)U/L(P<0.05);ENBD组有42例发生高淀粉酶血症(13.6%)、15例发生急性胰腺炎(4.9%),对照组则分别为13例(22.4%)和8例(13.8%),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ENBD能有效预防胆总管结石患者ERCP术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的发生。