超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能的影响。方法采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（Neurobehavioural Core Test Batteries，NCTB），对56名超声波探伤作业工人（观察组）和56名无职业病暴露的行政人员（对照组）的情感状态（POMS）、简单视觉运动反应时、数字跨度、手提转捷度、数字译码、Benton视觉保留、目标追踪测试Ⅱ等进行测试。结果在情感状态测试中，观察组精力充沛得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），疲劳、困惑得分高于对照组（P〈0．05）；行为功能测试中，观察组数字跨度、视觉保留项得分均低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。二组有差异的各项中，男性观察组紧张、忧郁、疲劳项得分高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；女性只有目标追踪Ⅱ中错误打点数观察组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。〈10年工龄时，观察组情感状态中紧张、疲劳项得分高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），精力充沛项得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），行为功能中视觉保留得分低于对照组（P〈0．05），手提转捷度顺手项得分高于对照组（P〈0．01）；≥10年工龄时，观察组数字跨度得分低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论超声波探伤作业对神经行为功能有一定的影响，尤其是对男性作业工人；接触工龄与神经行为功能效应关系不明显。     

电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响

目前,有关电焊作业对工人神经行为功能影响的报道甚少［１］。本文采用ＷＨＯ推荐的情感状态特征（ＰＯＭＳ）问答和国产神经行为功能综合测试仪,对９６名电焊作业工和８８名对照人员进行了调查测试,以了解电焊作业工的神经行为功能改变情况。１　对象和方法１．１　对象两家工厂从事手工电弧焊作业,工龄１年以上的工人为接触组,共９６例（男６７例,女２９例）,平均年龄２８．４（１９～４５）岁,平均工龄１１．４（１～２５）年;以与接触组性别、年龄及文化程度构成比相近,无神经毒物接触史的工人为对照组,共８８例（男６２例,…     

职业性CS2接触对行为功能的影响

对４５名ＣＳ２作业工人进行成套的行为功能测验，接触组与对照组比较，１８项行为功能测验中有１３项得分有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０５）。１０个项目行为功能测验得分有随着ＣＳ２作业工龄的增长而呈该增或该减的趋势。作者认为ＣＳ２对作业工人行为功能的影响是肯定的，用行为功能测验的方法来研究ＣＳ２的神经毒性是可取的简便的方法。     

职业性铝接触对作业工人心理及行为功能的影响

目的探索铝的神经毒性和职业性铝作业工人的心理和神经行为功能改变。方法采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为测试组合，对１０３名铝作业工人和６４名对照工人进行心理状况调查和神经行为功能测试，同时对作业环境空气中铝浓度和作业工人尿铝水平进行测定。结果铝作业工人尿铝含量明显高于对照组工人，两组差异有显著性。铝接触工龄＞１０年的工人紧张、忧郁、愤怒、疲劳和困惑情感得分均高于对照组工人；手提转捷度、数字译码和目标追踪得分显著降低。而铝接触工龄≤１０年的工人除目标追踪得分明显降低外，未发现其他行为功能和心理指标改变。结论长期职业性铝接触可以引起作业工人出现明显的心理状态、神经运动速度和准确性以及运动协调能力的改变。     

电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响

目的 探讨电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（NCTB）对71名电焊工和82名对照组人员进行测试。结果接触组情绪状态测试（POMS）中除有力-好动外,其余6项得分均低于对照组（P〈0．01）;提转敏捷度、目标追踪正确数、数字译码、视觉保留、数字跨度方面得分均显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。紧张．焦虑、抑郁．沮丧及数字广度、数字译码与工龄有明显的相关性（P〈0．05）。结论电焊作业对工人的神经行为功能产生一定的影响。     

锰对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的：探讨锰电焊对作业工人神经行为功能的影响。方法：采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的神经行为功能测试组合（NCTB），对51名锰电焊作业工人和51名对照人员进行了测试。结果：接触组在紧张、抑郁、愤怒方面的得分均明显低于对照组（P＜0．01），同时接触组平均反应时和最慢反应时得分，以及数字广度、数字译码、视觉记忆的平均得分均低于对照组（P＜0．01），而且在利手的敏捷度和目标追踪总分、追踪正确得分中，接触组均与对照组有较明显的差异（P＜0．01）。结论：接触一定剂量的锰在早期工人还无自觉症状时已经对工人的神经系统产生不良影响，进而引起的作业工人神经行为功能的改变。     

苯对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

对３００名苯作业工人神经行为功能测试结果为，长期高浓度（〉４０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）接触组工人的疲劳、困惑、好动等情感状况明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；数字跨度、数字译码等功能状态均低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）；与浓度、工龄的相关分析呈明显的线性相关关系（Ｐ〈０．００１￣０．０５）。神经行为功能的改变早于外周血白细胞的改变。作者认为，苯接触者行为功能测试，可作为苯中毒早期监护、评价指标。     

低浓度混苯作业工人血中TNF-α水平的观察

混苯作为一种常见的有机溶剂和化工原料,可引起血液、免疫等系统的损害．为探讨低浓度混苯对作业工人免疫细胞因子水平的影响以及导致血液系统损伤的关系,我们对混苯作业工人ＴＮＦ－ａ（肿瘤坏死因子）和白细胞计数等指标进行了测定。 对象与方法 １．对象：某厂接触混苯作业工人４５名,其中男２５名,女２０名,平均年龄２８．８岁（１９－４５岁）,平均接触混苯工龄３．５年（１－１５年）。对照组为不接触毒物及其他职业有害因素的健康人员４０名,其中男２２名,女１８名,平均年龄３０．２岁（２０－５０岁）,平均工龄３．８年（…     

长期低浓度甲醛作业工人健康状况调查

为探讨长期接触低浓度甲醛作业工人的健康状况,我们对某化工厂甲醛作业工人进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。一、对象和方法１．对象：选择某化工厂接触甲醛作业工龄满１年的工人６６名为观察组,平均年龄３５．４岁,平均工龄１２．９（１～２３）年;另选同厂不接触任何有毒有害作业作者单位：１３２０２１吉林,吉林化学工业公司职业病防治研究所（张殿忠、张凤林、金书云）,职工医院（刘义辉）的工人５６名为对照组,平均年龄３６．２岁,平均工龄１３．６年。两组作业工人性别及生活条件基本相似。２．方法：在工人工作地点、呼吸带水…     

职业接触TNT对神经行为功能影响的研究

采用ＷＨＯ神经行为核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）对５９名无临床症ＴＮＴ作业工人进行了测试，另以５３名非ＴＮＴ作业的健康工人为对照。结果表明，接触组的疲劳情绪得分明显高于对照组，数字跨度顺叙分及发、目标追踪２正确数及总数得分均明显低于对照组。接触组不限分层比较结果表明，随着暴露年限长；、作业工人抑郁、愤怒及疲劳等情感状态得分显著增高，数字跨度顺叙分及目标追踪２正确数和九量分则显著降低。另外，以不同尿ＤＮＡ     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

Effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance.

The effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on psychological performance was investigated: the study groups included eight chronically exposed workers and 20 who were only occasionally exposed. These were compared with a control group of 22 subjects from the same plant who were not exposed to mercury. All subjects were administered the WHO test battery to detect preclinical signs of central nervous system impairment: the battery includes the Santa Ana (Helsinki version) test, simple reaction time, the Benton test, and the Wechsler digit span and digit symbol. In addition, the Gordon test was used to study personality profiles and the clinical depression questionnaire. Urinary mercury was used as indicator for internal dose. To this effect, urinary mercury observed in workers examined from 1979 to 1987 was evaluated. Of the pyschic functions explored by behavioural tests, only short term auditory memory was found to be impaired in the chronically exposed workers (p less than 0.05 compared with the controls). The chronically exposed workers were also found to be more depressed than those in the two other groups. No changes of visual motor functions were observed. The personality of the occupationally exposed workers was found to be considerably changed compared with that of the control group. On the basis of the results obtained and in view of urinary mercury mean concentrations in the exposed group which were 30-40 micrograms/l over the years, it is suggested that the TLV-TWA for mercury should be lowered to 0.025 mg/m3 and that the biological urinary exposure indicator for biological monitoring should be 25 micrograms/l.     

铝电解工神经行为、自主神经功能的改变

为探讨职业性铝接触对作业工人神经系统功能的损害 ,采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为测试组合 (NCTB)以及EwingDJ推荐的自主神经功能测试组合对铝厂电解车间 3 2名工人和 3 4名无职业性接触的面粉厂扛包工进行测试。结果表明 :铝电解工人的消极情感困惑 -迷茫和紧张 -焦虑的得分较对照组明显增加 ;而愤怒 -敌意、忧郁 -沮丧、疲惫 -惰性和有力 -好动的得分没有明显改变。数字译码数和目标追踪的打点数比对照组降低 ,而数字广度、提转捷度和视觉保留时的得分两组未见显著性差异。自主神经功能测试中反映副交感神经调节功能的R R间隔的变化能力降低。提示电解接触铝对作业工人的情感状态、神经行为和副交感神经的调节功能均产生了明显的负面影响     

Correlation of autonomic neuropathy and retinal microangiopathy in diabetic children

The authors investigated the preclinical signs of autonomic neuropathy (resting heart rate, hyperventilatory arrhythmia, heart rate on standing/lying, orthostatic blood-pressure decrease) in 15 type I diabetic children with negative FLAG as well as a control group of 10 healthy children. In the diabetic group with negative FLAG as compared to control children the mean resting heart rate was significantly higher, the mean values of cardiovascular reflexes did not show significant differences, however in a third of these patients the narrowing of hyperventilatory arrhythmia was demonstrable. The differences of mean values of all the four investigated parameters in the group with positive FLAG comparing with the control group proved to be significant. According to their results the initial disturbances of the autonomic nervous system in childhood diabetes may appear relatively early--before the preclinical stage of retinal microangiopathy--showing the untimely dysfunction of the parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand the signs relating to disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system (heart rate ratio on standing/lying, orthostatic blood-pressure decrease) become only in preclinical retinopathic children positive.     

Peripheral nervous system functions of workers exposed to n-hexane at a low level

Summary In order to assess the effects on the peripheral nervous system of n-hexane at a low level, an epidemiological study using a questionnaire, neurological examinations, and neurophysiological studies was carried out on two age-matched groups; one, consisting of 14 exposed workers and the other, of 14 control workers. The 8 h time weighted average of n-hexane concentration in the exposure environment was 58 ± 41 (mean ± SD) ppm.In the individual worker, no obvious signs could be found indicating damage to the nervous system that were referable to the n-hexane exposure.On the other hand, when the subjects were taken in groups, the results obtained from the exposed group showed a minor partiality for functional impairment of the peripheral nervous system in many test items. In particular, statistically significant differences between the two groups were detected in the following items: (1) inquiries by questionnaire for persistent or transient symptoms regarding muscle weaknesses and dysesthesia of limbs; (2) the jump test on one foot; (3) the tuning fork test for vibration sensation on the radial processes; (4) the maximal velocity and the residual latency of motor nerve conduction of the posterior fibial nerve.In conclusion, it is not likely that at exposure levels less than the current threshold limit value of 100 ppm proposed by ACGIH, n-hexane may induce clinically overt polyneuropathy. However, there is no gainsaying the possibility that in the exposed workers as a whole, small cumulative effects in the peripheral nervous system may be brought about by long-term n-hexane exposure less than 100 ppm.     

Clinical and neurobehavioural study of the acute and chronic neurotoxicity of styrene

A cross sectional field study of workers exposed to styrene was performed to evaluate possible acute and chronic neurotoxic effects. A total of 36 workers of four companies handling polyester resin materials for one to 16 years (median: 7 years) and two control groups were each examined on a Monday. The control group 1 (formed to compare acute effects) consisted of 20 men from two companies with no exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. To compare chronic effects, a second control group was formed by "one to one matching" with respect to age, socioeconomic status, and pre-exposure intelligence level. Ambient air monitoring using active sampling (short time) and passive samplers (long time) showed styrene in air concentrations as follows: range 3-251 ppm (median: 18 ppm) and concentrations 140-600 ppm during lamination of the inside of boats. For biological monitoring the results were as follows (postshift samples: range/median): styrene in blood: 5-482 micrograms/dl (39 micrograms/dl), mandelic acid urine: 0.01-3.64 g/l (0.21 g/l), and phenylglyoxylic acid urine: 0.01-0.87 g/l (0.19 g/l). The clinical examination found no signs or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy. The principal work related health complaints were acute, reversible irritation of the eyes that occurred after exposure to styrene concentrations of 200 ppm or more. The neurobehavioural tests showed no significant differences in acute effects (p greater than 0.05) between the two groups or between preshift and postshift testing. Nor were there any significant differences in the relevant neurobehavioural variables between the styrene workers and the controls. It is concluded that occupational exposure to styrene concentrations in air up to 100 ppm causes no adverse acute or chronic effects on the central nervous system.     

Clinical and neurobehavioural study of the acute and chronic neurotoxicity of styrene.

A cross sectional field study of workers exposed to styrene was performed to evaluate possible acute and chronic neurotoxic effects. A total of 36 workers of four companies handling polyester resin materials for one to 16 years (median: 7 years) and two control groups were each examined on a Monday. The control group 1 (formed to compare acute effects) consisted of 20 men from two companies with no exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. To compare chronic effects, a second control group was formed by "one to one matching" with respect to age, socioeconomic status, and pre-exposure intelligence level. Ambient air monitoring using active sampling (short time) and passive samplers (long time) showed styrene in air concentrations as follows: range 3-251 ppm (median: 18 ppm) and concentrations 140-600 ppm during lamination of the inside of boats. For biological monitoring the results were as follows (postshift samples: range/median): styrene in blood: 5-482 micrograms/dl (39 micrograms/dl), mandelic acid urine: 0.01-3.64 g/l (0.21 g/l), and phenylglyoxylic acid urine: 0.01-0.87 g/l (0.19 g/l). The clinical examination found no signs or symptoms of peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy. The principal work related health complaints were acute, reversible irritation of the eyes that occurred after exposure to styrene concentrations of 200 ppm or more. The neurobehavioural tests showed no significant differences in acute effects (p greater than 0.05) between the two groups or between preshift and postshift testing. Nor were there any significant differences in the relevant neurobehavioural variables between the styrene workers and the controls. It is concluded that occupational exposure to styrene concentrations in air up to 100 ppm causes no adverse acute or chronic effects on the central nervous system.     

Spinal disorders and sedentary occupations

The frequency of spine impairment was analysed in 586 workers, 347 with predominantly sedentary jobs and 239 with predominantly standing jobs. The average age of the workers was 39.16 years, the mean time of service 13.4 years. The total number of 78 (13.3%) workers were treated for spine trouble. In the group consisting of the workers with sedentary jobs 34 workers (60.7%) suffered from cervical syndrome, 22 workers (39.3%) from lumbosacral syndrome. In those with predominantly standing jobs lumbosacral syndrome was found more frequently (17 workers) than the cervical syndrome (5 workers). The results of analysis point to the fact that there is a higher frequency of cervical spine impairment in people with long-term overloading of cervical spine through sedentary working position.     

高频电磁辐射对作业者脑电波的影响

目的探讨高频电磁辐射对作业者神经系统的影响及脑电波变化特征。方法选择接触高频电磁辐射者166人为研究对象,无任何职业危害接触的60名健康成人为对照组。通过对他们神经系统及脑电图(EEG)的检查,分析不同的频率对高频电磁辐射作业者神经系统症状的影响及脑电波变化的特征,并与对照组比较。结果电磁辐射接触人员的神经系统症状及心悸的检出率明显高于对照组(P<0.01),其慢波(θ波和δ波)数量及EEG异常率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);EEGα波频率、波幅、百分率、功率及慢波(θ波和δ波)波幅三组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高频电磁辐射可引起接触者EEG慢波增多,增加EEG异常率,并引发其神经系统症状。     

Failure to confirm neurotoxic impairment using cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on solvent-exposed workers

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed at assessing signs of nervous system impairment by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among workers with a history of long-term exposure to mixtures of organic solvents. METHODS: Thirty-six workers (mean age 44.1 years) with at least 10 (mean 23.9) years of occupational exposure to solvents and pair-matched referents with no former solvent exposure went through a blind, random-order investigation of cerebral MRI, performed with a 1.5-tesla scanner. RESULTS: Linear measurements of the MRI tomograms showed a slight tendency toward wider ventricles and broader cortical sulci in the reference group. Visual evaluation of the MRI by 2 experienced neuroradiologists showed no significant difference between the groups; however, there was substantial interobserver variability. CONCLUSIONS: The MRI findings of this study do not support the hypothesis that long-term low-level occupational exposure to organic solvents results in the development of brain atrophy, or specific MRI signal changes in the region of the basal ganglia and thalami.