镉对培养心肌细胞^3H—亮氨酸掺入和细胞生长的作用

实验探讨了镉对培养心肌细胞３Ｈ－亮氨酸掺入及细胞生长的作用。实验用检测培养乳鼠心肌体积和掺入同位素标记氨基酸量的方法，测定细胞的蛋白质合成和生长情况。实验见到培养心肌细胞在１×１０－４ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣｄＣｌ２的作用下，２４小时以后的３Ｈ－亮氨酸掺入量明显低于对照组，且随时间延长３Ｈ－亮氨酸掺入量逐渐减少；镉染毒１２、２４、４８小时，均未见到细胞数量的改变；在染毒４８小时后，细胞体积较对照组减小，由对照组的（２０５３±１８９）μｍ３降低到染毒的（１８４７±１７６）μｍ３。镉可抑制培养心肌细胞蛋白质合成和细胞个体的生长     

氧化型染发剂对新生大鼠表皮脂成分影响的研究

为了探讨氧化型染发剂及其主要成分接触皮肤后对皮肤屏障结构脂成分的影响,采用定量薄层层析法进行测定。结果表明：无论是用染发剂的主要成分对苯二胺单独染毒,还是用对苯二胺和双氧水混合物进行染毒,经２４ｈ后胎鼠皮肤中鞘氨醇和鞘磷脂的含量即显著降低,４８ｈ后含量继续降低,与对照组相比差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜００１）;用两种品牌的氧化型染发剂（Ｓ牌和Ｇ牌）染毒后也获得同样结果。氧化型染发剂能在２４ｈ内使大鼠表皮中鞘磷脂和鞘氨醇的含量显著降低,因而提示氧化型染发剂能破坏皮肤屏障结构。     

细胞冻存条件对单细胞凝胶电泳试验结果的影响

将未处理的（对照）和重铬酸钾处理的Ｖ７９细胞贮存于４℃、－２０℃、－８０℃和－１９６℃，于保存后的０，４，２４，４８，１６８ｈ取出进行单细胞凝胶电泳（ＳＣＧＥ）试验。结果显示各温度保存２４ｈ的细胞ＤＮＡ迁移长度与新鲜细胞无差异；更长时间（４８和１６８ｈ）的保存细胞ＤＮＡ迁移长度明显增加；同时各温度保存的细胞存活率均随贮存时间的延长而下降。因此，２４ｈ内细胞保存以４℃为好，而２４ｈ以上的保存则以－８０℃为佳     

球形芽孢杆菌C_（3－41）对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊幼虫的毒性测定

本文报道球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊的毒性。实验室生物测定结果表明，ＢｓＣ３－４１液剂对嗜人按蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫处理后２４ｈ和４８ｈ的ＬＣ５分别为２．４０ｐｐｍ和１．７８ｐｐｍ，对东乡伊蚊的ＬＣ５０分别为５．３５ｐｐｍ和３．１４ｐｐｍ；持效为１～２周。Ｂｓ．Ｃ３－４１粉剂对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊处理后２４ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为３．３３ｐｐｍ和４．４４ｐｐｍ，处理后４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为１．３６ｐｐｍ和１．４４ｐｐｍ。球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１处理蚊幼虫４８ｈ后的效果明显优于处理后２４ｈ的。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对急性百草枯中毒治疗作用的实验研究

探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对急性百草枯中毒的治疗作用。方法在大鼠用百草枯（Ｐａｒａｑｕａｔ,ＰＱ）灌胃（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）染毒后不同时间腹腔注射还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）,分别测定染毒后８ｈ、２４ｈ、４８ｈ,７２ｈ大鼠血浆和支气管－肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活力,并观察肺组织结构改变。结果ＰＱ染毒后血浆及ＢＡＬＦ中ＭＤＡ显著高     

浙江省肾综合征出血热纯化灭活疫苗的免疫效果和…

目的：观察ＨＦＲＳ（Ｉ型）鼠脑纯化灭活疫苗全程和加强免疫后１８个月的流行病学、血清学效果。方法：采用免疫荧光法检测微量病变试验，分别检测血清中的特异性抗体及中和抗体。结果：全程免疫后１５天，中和抗体阳性率为４０％，ＧＭＴ为４．０６；３６０天降为阴性，ＧＭＴ为２．５０；加强后２周抗体阳性率为５０％；ＧＭＴ为４．３５。全程免疫后１５天ＩＦＡ抗体阳性率为１００％，ＧＭＴ为８１．７５；至３６０天阳性率降至     

牛磺酸对脂肪代谢的影响及其作用机制的研究

研究牛磺酸对脂肪代谢的影响及其作用机制。方法：配制致高胆固醇血症饲料。将面粉４５％，淀粉１２％，玉米９％，麸皮７％，酵母４％，鱼粉４％，豆粕４％，骨粉１％，鱼肝油１％，盐１％，猪油１２％均匀搅拌后；再向每１００ｇ混合饲料中加１ｇ胆固醇及０．２５ｇ胆酸钠。将７５只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雌性大鼠随机分为５组，每组１５只，组内设三个重复，每个重复５只大鼠。第１、２、３组饲喂致高胆固醇血症饲料并分别添加１％、３％、５％的牛磺酸，第４组为饲喂致高胆固醇血症饲料的对照组，第５组为饲喂基础饲料的对照组，进行五周的饲养试验后，杀鼠取样。用酶比色法测定血清中的胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）含量，并推导动脉粥样硬化指数（ＡＩ）；用索氏浸提法测定肝中脂肪含量；用高效液相色谱法测定血清中牛磺酸含量，用双抗体放射免疫法测定血清甲状腺激素（Ｔ３，Ｔ４）及肝组织Ｔ４５－脱单碘酶（Ｔ４５－ＤＩ）活性。结果：在实验五周末，喂高脂高胆固醇饲料的大鼠血清中ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平、ＡＩ值、ＴＧ水平、肝脂肪含量显著高于喂普通饲料的大鼠。喂高脂饲料的大鼠添加１％的牛磺酸，提高了血清中ＨＤＬ－Ｃ水平。肝中Ｔ４５－ＤＩ活性、?     

日本血吸虫成虫对嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞的体内趋化作用

应用体内试验将分离制备的日本血吸虫成虫分泌排泄物和浸出液注入健康豚鼠背部皮内，１～４８ｈ取其组织观察嗜酸酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞数量。在注射后２～４ｈ，注射部位可见少量嗜性粒细胞，８ｈ细胞数量达高峰，然后减少，２４ｈ后只见少量嗜酸性粒细胞。在注射后１ｈ，注射部位中性粒细胞增多，４ｈ细胞数量最多，然后逐渐减少，４８ｈ降至最低。结果证明日本血吸虫成虫对嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞有明显的趋化作用。     

茶多酚对急性百草枯中毒大鼠治疗作用的实验研究

目的 探讨茶多酚（ｔｅａ ｐｏｌｙｐｈｅｎｏｌｓ,ＴＰ）对急性百草枯中毒的治疗作用方法 大鼠用百草枯（ｐａｒａｑｕａｔ,ＰＱ）灌胃（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）染毒后３ｈ再经口灌注ＴＰ,分别测定染毒后８、２４、４８、７２ｈ大鼠血浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胶基肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的活力,并观察肺组织结构改变。结果 ＰＱ染毒后血浆及ＢＡＬＦ中ＭＤ     

球形芽孢杆菌C3—41对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊幼虫的毒性测定

本文报道球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊的毒性，实验室生物测定结果表明，ＢｓＣ３－４１液剂对嗜人按蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫处理后２４ｈ和４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为２．４０ｐｐｍ和１．７８ｐｐｍ，对东乡伊蚊的ＬＣ５０分别为５．３５ｐｐｍ和３．１４ｐｐｍ，持效为１～２周，Ｂｓ，Ｃ３－４１粉剂对嗜人按蚊和东乡伊蚊处理后２４ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为３．３３ｐｐｍ和４．４４ｐｐｍ，处理后４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０分别为１．３６ｐｐ     

Increase of ceramide in the liver and plasma after carbon tetrachloride intoxication in the rat

In fulminant hepatic failure, various toxins causing multi-organ failure increase in plasma. As a novel toxin, levels of ceramide, a well-studied lipid mediator of apoptosis, were determined by LC-MS/MS in the liver and plasma of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated rats. After 6 h of oral administration of CCl4 (4 mL/kg body weight as a 1:1 mixture of CCl4 and mineral oil) to rats, extensive hepatic failure occurred as evidenced by a severe elevation in plasma AST and ALT. The liver concentration of major ceramide components (C16:0, C24:0, C24:1, C18:0, C22:0, and C24:2 in decreasing order), and the sum of these ceramides increased significantly 2 h after CCl4 intoxication compared to that in the control group given mineral oil. The total ceramide concentration in the plasma was also increased to 4.1 times that in the control 24 h after administration of CCl4. In conclusion, the early increase in liver ceramides may contribute to hepatic cell death and the increase in plasma ceramides during fulminant hepatic failure may cause damage in other organs including the brain and kidney.     

应用高效薄层色谱法检测母乳中神经节苷脂

目的：检测泌乳期母乳中神经节苷脂成分,并评价其生物学意义。方法：应用高效薄层色谱法对68份母乳标本进行了检测。结果：母乳中总神经节苷脂结合唾液酸含量为7．8－10．4μg/ml。在母乳中检测出4种神经节苷脂,分别为GM3、GD3、GX1及GX2。GX1及GX2为新发现的神经节苷脂,对GA1抗体呈阴性反应,推测其可能为C－通路神经节能苷脂。GM3与GD3为主要神经节苷脂（占总量50％－65％）。GM3在分娩后第8天时明显增高,GD3则明显降低,随分娩后天数增加GM3与GD3变化有显性。结论：母乳中存在GM3、GD3、GX1及GX24种神经节苷脂;GM3与GD3的含是随分娩后天数增加变化有显性。     

Effect of neonatal undernutrition on rat brain gangliosides

Effects of age and neonatal undernutrition were studied on total and fractions of gangliosides (GT1, GD1b, GD1a and GM1) in rat brain. GT1, GD1b + GD1a and GM1 are being presented here as polysialo-, disialo-, and monosialo-gangliosides. Undernutrition was induced by feeding mothers a low protein diet during lactation. The concentration of gangliosides increased to its maximum level by the age of 3 weeks and then decreased to its adult value by the age of 8 weeks. Polysialo gangliosides (GT1) comprised the maximum amount of gangliosides at birth (40%) and decreased to an adult value by 3 weeks of age. Disialo ganglioside GD1b increased to its maximum by 2 weeks and then leveled off. Disialo ganglioside GD1a and GM1 showed a decrease by 2 weeks and then reached to its adult value by 4 weeks. Neonatal undernutrition results in a decreased body and brain weight at all ages studied (7, 14 and 21 days) as well as total ganglioside concentration by 36%, 15% and 55% respectively at 7, 14 and 21 days. Polysialo gangliosides (GT1) constitute the major fraction of gangliosides at 21 days in undernourished rats as compared to controls, whereas mono- and di-sialo gangliosides remained decreased at all three ages compared to controls. This indicates the possibility of an underlying metabolic defect in undernourished animals.     

Profiling gangliosides from milk products and other biological membranes using LC/MS

Gangliosides are an important class of glycosphingolipids involved in numerous biological processes such as neuronal development, host–pathogen interactions and gastrointestinal health. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature and relatively low abundance of gangliosides, characterization of gangliosides in biological membranes is challenging. Existing methods for ganglioside analysis are quite time consuming and require expensive high resolution mass spectrometers. A rapid method combining reversed phase chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ganglioside species were separated with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column and analysed under the negative ion mode. This method allows a sensitive, specific, and quantitative assay for profiling gangliosides. The method is developed for analysis of gangliosides in the milk fat globule membrane of whole milk and applied to other biological membranes. Application includes the cellular membrane of prostate cancer cells. In summary, the method allows various biological membranes to be screened for over 600 gangliosides from 12 classes (GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4, GD1, GD2, GD3, GD4, GT1, GT2, GT3, and GT4) in less than three hours. In summary, expressed as % of relative amounts: 1.5% GM3, 80.2% GD3, 14.4% GT3, 1.5% GM1, 2.4% GD1 were observed in whole milk; 2.5% GD1, 88.2% GD3, 2.5% GM1, 2.2% GM3, 0.2% GT2, 4.2% GT3 were observed in buttermilk and 10.6% GD1, 55.6% GD3, 1.6% GM1, 12.2% GM3, 19.2% GT3, 0.9% GT4 were observed in colostrum.     

Characterization and chronological changes of preterm human milk gangliosides

Objective

Gangliosides are present in high concentrations in the nervous tissue, and some are observed in small amounts in many extraneural tissues and body fluids. Human milk may play important roles in energy supplementation, prophylaxis of infection, and brain development. For preterm infants, human milk gangliosides are also very important substances during the early lactation stage. However, there are no data on human milk gangliosides from mothers at preterm delivery. We investigated the characterization of gangliosides and chronologic changes in human preterm milk earlier than 30 wk of gestation from 1 to 60 d after birth.

Methods

Forty-one samples were analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and a microtechnique using 1 mL of milk from each lactation and compared with 61 full-term human milk samples.

Results

Total lipid-bound sialic acid of human milk gangliosides after preterm delivery showed a peak concentration at 2 to 3 d postpartum and then remained at a high concentration until approximately 10 d. GD3 was the major ganglioside in the colostrum until approximately 7 to 10 d postpartum. GM3 was scarcely detected until 7 d postpartum and then increased gradually. There was no difference in the GD3 concentration per 1 mL of human milk between preterm and full-term human milk until approximately 5 to 8 d postpartum. After that time, the GD3 concentration decreased sharply. In contrast, the total concentrations of GM3 per 1 mL of human milk from mothers after preterm delivery were lower than those from mothers after full-term delivery throughout the entire period examined.

Conclusion

This finding is essential to elucidate the composition of human milk gangliosides after preterm delivery, which may contribute to the analysis of the physiologic composition and formulation appropriate preterm infant nutrition.     

Evaluation of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and reduced glutathione concentration in liver of rats with acute chlorfenvinphos poisoning

The aim of this paper was estimation the GGT activity and GSH concentration in the liver of rats intoxicated with chlorfenvinphos. The experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control--which received oil and examined--receiving oil solution of chlorfenvinphos in dose of 0.5 LD50 and 0.1 LD50. At the 1st, 24th and 48th hour after intoxication an activity of enzyme was determined. The GGT activity increased after 48th hour of intoxication with the lower dose of insecticide and after 1st, 24th and 48th with higher dose. The GSH concentration increased at the 1st, 24th and 48th hour of intoxication with chlorfenvinphos at dose 0.1 LD50 and at the 24th hour of intoxication with chlorfenvinphos at dose 0.5 LD50. We suppose that increase in the liver GGT activity can result from disturbance in hepatic function. This increase can influence on the reduced glutathione level.     

Beta-naphthoflavone liver EROD and erythrocytic nuclear abnormality induction in juvenile Dicentrarchus labrax L

Juvenile Dicentrarchus labrax L. (sea bass) was exposed to five different beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) concentrations-0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 microM-for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, 144, and 216 h. A battery of biomarkers was investigated, such as liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), liver cytochrome P450 (P450 content), liver aminotransferase (ALT activity), liver somatic index (LSI), micronuclei (MN), and erythrocytic nuclear abnormality (ENA) frequencies. Juvenile D. labrax L. liver EROD induction started at 2 h exposure to 2.7 microM BNF and 6 h exposure to 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 microM BNF, respectively. A significant liver EROD decrease was observed between 8 and 16 h for all BNF concentrations, followed by a slight increase after 48 h exposure to 0.9 and 2.7 microM BNF and a definitive decrease from 72 h exposure onward. Liver P450 content significantly increased at 2, 6, and 8 h exposure, respectively, to 2.7 microM, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.1 microM BNF. However, liver P450 content remained significantly higher than that of the control from 72 to 216 h in the sea bass exposed to 2.7 microM BNF. Sea bass ENA induction started at 4h exposure to 0.9 and 2.7 microM BNF, and significantly increased to 16 and 24 h exposure, whereas for 0.3 microM BNF a significant increase started after 8 h exposure. A significant ENA frequency increase was still observed at 144 and 216 h exposure to 0.9 and 2.7 microM BNF. The micronuclei induction was observed at 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively, after 2.7, 0.9, and 0.3 microM BNF exposure. However, there was a micronuclei frequency decrease for 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 microM BNF exposure concentrations between 8 and 16 h, followed by a slight increase after 48, 72, and 144 h exposure, respectively, to 2.7, 0.9, and 0.3 microM BNF. Liver somatic index significantly increased after 216 h, whereas ALT activity significantly decreased at 144 and 216 h 2.7 microM BNF exposure.     

CYTOCHROME P-450 2E1 IN RAT LIVER, KIDNEY AND LUNG MICROSOMES AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL EITHER ORALLY OR BY INHALATION

In this study, microsomal cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) contentsand activities were tested in liver, kidney and lung from Wistarrats after the following treatments (1) oral administrationof a 10% ethanol solution for 4 weeks; (2) pair fed controls;(3) oral administration of a 5% acetone solution for 1 week;(4) inhalation of ethanol vapour for 4 weeks. CYP2E1 activitywas measured using chlorzoxazone as substrate and CYP2E1 contentwas measured using Western blot analysis. In addition, the cellulardistribution of CYP2E1 was studied in liver, lung and kidneyby immunohistochemistry. Basal liver CYP2E1 was 10–20times lower in lung and kidney than in liver. Inhalation wasclearly the most efficient way of inducing CYP2E1, probablydue to the continuous and high alcohol exposure. Among the organstested, lung appeared to be the tissue least sensitive to inductioneven after ethanol inhalation, suggesting the absence of localinduction. After ethanol intoxication, immunostaining was increasedin the centrilobular region of the liver, in the alveolar cellsof the lung and in the proximal convoluted tube of the kidney.The CYP2E1 activities decreased to control values in the threetissues tested, within 24 h after cessation of intoxication.     

Plant-based expression of a partially humanized neutralizing monoclonal IgG directed against an immunodominant epitope on the ricin toxin A subunit

GD12 is a murine monoclonal IgG(1) (mAb) that recognizes an immunodominant linear neutralizing epitope (163-TLARSFIICIQM-174) on the A subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin. With the long-term goal of using GD12 as a potential countermeasure against ricin intoxication, we have produced a chimeric derivative of GD12 (cGD12) in which the murine heavy and light chain variable regions were fused to a human IgG(1) framework. The chimeric mAb, expressed and purified using a Nicotiana-based system demonstrated epitope specificity and ricin neutralizing activity similar to the parental murine mAb. Passive administration of cGD12 (10μg) to mice by intraperitoneal injection protected the animals against a systemic ricin challenge. In a post-exposure setting, the murine and chimeric mAbs administered as much as 6h after toxin challenge were each capable of rescuing mice from toxin-induced death, revealing the potential of GD12 to serve as both a prophylactic and therapeutic for ricin intoxication.     

The impact of acute poisoning by chlorfenvinphos on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of malondialdehyde in rats

The aim of this paper was examination of the influence of chlorfenvinphos on the activity of an antioxidant enzymes in the blood and concentration of the serum malonondialdehyd in rats. It were found increase of the activity of SOD in 24 h and decrease in the 48 h; increase CAT activity, decrease GR activity in the 48 h and increase of G-6-P-DH activity in the 24 and 48 h after intoxication. Activity of GPX did not change statistically significant. It was observed decrease of MDA concentration in the serum in 1 and 24 h after intoxication and return to value in the control groups in the 48 h. It can be concluded that the changes of the activity of enzymes and concentration of MDA in the blood indicates hypoxia in the first period of intoxication (to 24 h) and reoxidation process in the later period.