早期减压Window钢板内固定治疗外伤性颈脊髓损伤

目的探讨早期减压和Window钢板内固定治疗外伤性颈椎骨折脱位脊髓损伤的作用。方法采用Window钢板对38例颈脊髓损伤患者行颈前路减压、取髂骨植骨内固定。本组在伤后24h内手术者12例，伤后24～72h手术者20例，伤后72h～1月手术者6例。患者神经功能根据美国脊髓损伤协会（American Spinal Injury Association，ASIA）损伤系统分级法，其中7例患者为完全性脊髓损伤，31例为不完全性损伤。患者平均年龄是35．5岁（16～69岁），平均随访时间28个月（12～60个月）。结果手术后12个月随访发现38例患者中36例颈前路减压植骨获骨性愈合，植骨融合率是94．7％。术后椎间高度及生理弯曲维持满意，无1例发生内固定器械并发症。24h减压组Frankel分级平均改善1．56级，24～72h减压组Frankel分级平均改善0．82级，72h～1月延迟减压组Frankel分级平均改善0．64级；24h减压组与24～72h减压组和72h～1月延迟减压组比较，有显著差异性（19〈0．05）。结论采用Window钢板对颈椎骨折脱位脊髓损伤患者行颈椎间融合，能充分保证固定节段的稳定性，植骨愈合率高，有效地维护了伤椎椎间高度和生理曲度。研究结果表明早期手术减压将明显改善神经功能，延期减压同样也能获得较好的神经功能结果。我们建议对于颈脊髓不完全损伤神经症状进行性加重的患者应急诊手术减压治疗。     

髓内病灶清除减压术对脊髓损伤的疗效分析

目的 对12例不同受伤阶段的完全性脊髓损伤患者行脊髓受损病灶清创减压术并对其疗效进行分析.方法 2009年3-9月12例完全性脊髓损伤患者,根据美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)神经功能分类均为ASIA-A型;行X线、CT及MRI检查,明确脊髓受损情况及病灶定位;首次手术患者先行脊椎损伤节段双侧椎板切除硬膜外减压+椎弓根钉棒系统内固定, 再纵行切开硬膜显露脊髓, 探查确定脊髓浅表软化区,纵切,清创髓内减压,对于已于外院行脊椎后路椎板切除减压+内固定患者本次仅单纯给予髓内病灶清除减压术.术后随访2～7个月,平均随访3.9个月,随访患者均采用ASIA评分.结果 根据脊髓损伤ASIA 神经功能分类标准评级,术后患者恢复达B级3例,C级5例,D级4例.有效率为100%.部分术前神经功能已进入恢复静止期患者神经功能得以进一步恢复.结论 髓内病灶清除术对脊髓损伤有一定的疗效.     

脊髓损伤患者62例前瞻性临床研究

目的:通过前瞻性研究设计,对影响脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的各种影响因素进行初步分析.方法:设计前瞻性队列研究方案,在不干涉临床治疗方案前提下,采集2006年12月至2007年12月收治的脊髓损伤患者资料,纳入标准定为:急性脊髓损伤(受伤时间在1周以内),男女不限,年龄限定在18～65岁,根据临床查体结合MRI或CT检查证实为美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级标准(2000年修订)的A级(完全性脊髓损伤,损伤平面下不存在任何运动和感觉功能)或者B级(不完全性脊髓损伤,损伤平面下不存在运动功能,但存在感觉功能).所有入选病例均获随访,并分别在受伤入院当时及第1次评估后1、3、6个月采用ASIA分级标准、功能独立性评测(FIM)评价脊髓损伤及恢复情况,分析影响脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的因素.结果:共入选62例患者,男性60例,女性2例;年龄18～41岁,平均24岁;A级损伤29例,B级损伤33例.A级损伤中,手术减压患者(手术组)和非手术减压患者(非手术组)的感觉、运动ASIA评分及FIM评分比值在术后各时间点上的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),B级损伤中,手术组和非手术组在手术前后感觉、运动ASIA评分、FIM评分的比值在各个时间点上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).在手术组患者中,减压手术在伤后8 h以内(≤8 h)进行者,术前和术后感觉、运动ASIA评分、FIM评分比值与在伤后8 h以外(>8 h)进行者相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对于A级损伤,手术减压时间点的选择对损伤的脊髓功能恢复影响差别不大,考虑到护理的方便和维持脊柱稳定性的要求,可以选择减压内固定手术;对于B级损伤,应该尽早进行减压手术以最大程度地恢复损伤脊髓的功能.     

脊髓损伤患者的救治特点及生存状态分析

目的分析脊髓损伤患者的救治特点及生存状态。方法对2006年12月1日至2007年12月31日62例脊髓损伤患者通过病历查询、现场随访及电话随访的方式获取资料,记录患者的基本情况、受伤后救治情况和经济状况。采用美国脊髓损伤协会（American spinal injury association,ASIA）制定的感觉、运动评定标准和功能独立性评定（functional indepen-dence measure,FIM）对患者的恢复情况进行评分,采用抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale,SDS）对患者及其家属进行生存状态评估。用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果62例脊髓损伤患者中男60例,年龄16～45岁,平均26．9岁;女2例,年龄24和36岁。高处坠落或重物砸伤42例（占67．75％）,交通创伤18例（占29％）,摔伤2例（占3．25％）。根据美国脊髓损伤协会ASIA伤残分级标准划分：A级完全损伤33例,（占53．3％）;B级不完全损伤25例（占40．3％）,C级2例（占3．2％）,D级2例（占3．2％）。受伤后送至救治医院的时间为4～28h,平均11h。颈椎损伤42例（占68．75％）,胸椎损伤20例（占32．25％）。A级损伤的33例患者中,8例行减压内固定手术,6例行减压内固定＋自体髂骨植骨术,6例行单纯减压手术,13例采取保守治疗。B级损伤的25例患者中,5例行减压内固定手术,7例行减压内固定＋自体髂骨植骨术,4例行单纯减压手术,9例采取保守治疗。4例C级和D级损伤的患者全部采用保守治疗。受伤至手术时间8～32h,平均10．4h。手术时间1．5～6h,平均3．2h。术后随访时6例患者生活能够自理（占9．67％）,44例完全需要护理人员（占70．97％）,12例均不同程度地需要护理。62例患者中社会保险覆盖率不足5％。患者受伤后患者的家庭年收入1800—8000元,平均3460元,与受伤前相比家庭总收入平均下降80％以上。结论ASIA伤残分级A级损?     

AF系统治疗胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤

目的探讨胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤的后路减压AF固定手术方法和临床疗效。方法对22例胸腰椎骨折伴不同程度脊髓损伤行后路减压+AF系统内固定治疗。结果22例患者术后随访1~2年,平均15个月,均得到满意的脊柱畸形矫正和椎管减压,骨折均在1年内愈合,17例神经功能恢复良好,4例大部分恢复,1例差。结论对胸腰椎骨折合并脊髓损伤采用后路减压AF系统内固定,可获得满意的脊柱矫形和坚强的固定,良好的椎管减压和神经功能恢复的疗效。     

一期后前路减压融合内固定治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤

目的评价一期后前路联合减压融合内固定治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤的临床可行性及疗效。方法自2005年3月~2009年7月对23例慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤行一期后前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗,按照JOA评分标准评定患者神经功能状态。结果 23例获得随访18～56个月,平均24.6个月,JOA评分提高到(16.1±1.2)分,症状改善率88.6%。结论一期后前路联合减压植骨内固定术治疗慢性颈脊髓钳夹型损伤减压彻底,神经功能恢复好,在条件允许的情况下,应作为该类患者优先选择的手术方式。     

急性脊髓损伤后手术减压时限的临床研究

目的探讨急性脊髓损伤后在不同时间点行手术减压对患者神经功能恢复的影响。方法回顾2005年1月~2009年12月收治的胸椎骨折合并脊髓不完全损伤的89例,按照手术减压时限分为3组:A组,伤后24 h内手术减压(25例);B组,伤后1～3 d内手术减压(47例);C组,伤后3～7 d内手术减压(17例)。根据ASIA残损分级比较术前和术后1年的神经功能情况,比较3组的神经功能恢复情况,分析不同的减压时间疗效有无统计学差异。结果治疗前3组的ASIA残损分级,差异无统计学意义。治疗后3组ASIA残损分级较治疗前提高,A组高于B组和C组(P<0.05),B组高于C组(P<0.05)。结论脊髓不完全损伤后手术减压可以改善神经功能,且手术越早,神经功能恢复越好。     

无骨折脱位型颈椎脊髓损伤的治疗策略

目的探讨无骨折脱位型颈椎脊髓损伤的治疗方案。方法回顾性分析自2010-07—2015-03诊治的42例无骨折脱位型颈椎脊髓损伤,12例采用非手术治疗,19例采用颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术或颈椎前路椎体次全切除融合术治疗,11例采用颈椎后路单开门扩大椎管减压术治疗。16例在受伤后7 d内进行手术,14例在受伤7 d后进行手术。结果42例均顺利完成治疗,随访时间平均51.4(48～66)个月。前路内固定手术植骨均融合,后路手术减压后均未出现"关门"现象,术后均未出现内固定松动、脱位和断裂等并发症。末次随访时采用手术治疗患者JOA评分较采用非手术治疗患者高,术后3 d及末次随访时损伤7 d内手术者JOA评分较损伤7 d后手术者高,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。末次随访时Frankel等级:C级1例,D级8例,E级33例;末次随访时Frankel等级较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论无骨折脱位型颈椎脊髓损伤早期手术可直接解除脊髓压迫并取得满意的临床疗效,值得临床推广。     

急性颈脊髓损伤的手术治疗

目的：探讨急性颈脊髓损伤患者的手术治疗方法和临床疗效。方法：手术治疗急性颈脊髓损伤患者45例，其中前路手术29例，后路11例，前后路联合5例。随访并比较患者神经功能变化情况。结果：患者均未发生钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。植骨干术后3个月均获得骨性融合。终访时脊髓功能Frankel分级平均改善1．6级。结论：急性颈脊髓损伤应尽早手术减压固定，为神经功能恢复创造条件。     

中央型颈脊髓损伤综合征的前路手术治疗

[目的] 探讨中央型颈脊髓损伤综合征的外科治疗效果.[方法] 本组中央型颈脊髓损伤综合征患者43例,男31例,女12例,年龄19～73岁,均行X线、CT及MRI检查.单纯颈椎间盘突出11例,椎管狭窄19例,仅MRI脊髓影像异常而无明显椎管狭窄及脊髓受压表现13例.43例均经前路行椎管减压植骨融合内固定手术治疗,并获得6个月以上随访.[结果] 43例患者经手术治疗后神经功能均获明显改善,ASIA评分平均由入院时的43.7恢复到87.4.[结论] 前路手术治疗能有效促进中央型颈脊髓损伤综合征患者神经功能恢复,对MRI显示无明显椎管狭窄或脊髓受压表现的患者亦有明显改善.     

Immediate spinal cord decompression for cervical spinal cord injury: feasibility and outcome

BACKGROUND: The effect of immediate surgical spinal cord decompression on neurologic outcome after spinal cord injury is controversial. Experimental models strongly suggest a beneficial effect of early decompression but there is little supportive clinical evidence. This study is designed to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of an immediate spinal cord decompression treatment protocol for cervical spinal cord injury in a tertiary treatment center. METHODS: To address this issue, 91 consecutive patients with acute, traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (1990-1997) were prospectively studied. Sixty-six patients (protocol group) underwent emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the presence of persistent spinal cord compression followed, if indicated, by immediate operative decompression and stabilization. Twenty-five patients were managed outside the treatment protocol because of contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging, need for other emergency surgical procedures, or admitting surgeon preference (reference group). The protocol and reference groups had similar sex and age distributions, admitting Frankel grades, levels of neurologic injury, and Injury Severity Scores. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of patients seen were not enrolled in the treatment protocol because of the need for other emergent surgical treatment, contraindication to MRI, and specific surgeon bias regarding the "futility" of emergent treatment. The neurologic outcome for the patients in the reference group were similar to that in the previously reported literature. Fifty percent of protocol patients, compared with only 24% of reference patients, improved from their admitting Frankel grade. Eight protocol patients (12%), but no reference patients, improved from complete motor quadriplegia (Frankel grade A or B) to independent ambulation (Frankel grade D or E). Protocol patients required shorter intensive care unit stays, and shorter total hospital stays than reference patients. In the treatment protocol group, spinal cord decompression, confirmed by MRI, was achieved with immediate spinal column alignment and skeletal traction in 32 patients (46%). Thirty-four patients (54%) required emergent operative spinal cord decompression because of MRI-documented persistent spinal cord compression. CONCLUSION: We conclude that immediate spinal column stabilization and spinal cord decompression, based on magnetic resonance imaging, may significantly improve neurologic outcome. The feasibility of such a treatment protocol in a tertiary treatment center is well demonstrated. Additional multicenter trials are necessary to achieve definitive conclusions regarding clinical efficacy.     

颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的手术时机探讨

目的：探讨颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的手术时机。 方法：回顾性分析2000年1月~2011年1月我科治疗的颈髓损伤患者42例,其中急诊手术组（≤24h）18例,延期手术组（>24h）24例,对比分析手术前后神经功能变化、术后并发症和住院时间等临床资料,并进行统计学分析。 结果：急诊手术组感觉和运动功能改善明显,并发症发生率、重症监护时间和住院时间均低于延期手术组。 结论：颈椎骨折合并急性颈髓损伤的急诊手术减压是可行的,对神经功能的恢复有积极作用,并减少围手术期并发症。     

保留后结构环状减压手术治疗急性胸腰段脊柱损伤

目的探讨保留脊柱后结构环状减压复位内固定的手术方法,治疗急性胸腰段脊柱脊髓损伤的临床效果.方法对38例急性脊柱脊髓损伤伴不全瘫痪的病例进行椎管内骨块复位,环状的脊髓及神经根减压,保留棘突、棘间韧带、小关节的手术方法治疗.结果随访31例,时间10～42个月,平均16个月,按Frankel分级,术后神经功能恢复3级者5例,2级者24例,1级者2例.结论对于急性脊柱脊髓务的病例,应用保留脊柱后结构环状减压内固定的方法,是兼顾脊髓减压的彻底性和保持脊柱稳定性较为合理、有效的手术方法.     

Therapie der septischen Querschnittl?hmung

The frequency of infectious diseases of the spine and associated spinal cord injury are constantly increasing. Affected are multimorbid and elderly patients, mostly after prolonged medical treatment. An acute spinal cord injury due to infection is an emergency. A rapid decision for treatment strategy and if at all possible subtle debridement of the infected tissue with decompression of the spinal cord is paramount. Additionally spinal cord injury necessitates specialized treatment and care of the infection. Spinal cord injured patients in general and these patients in particular are prone to complications and need especially trained nursing personnel. It is therefore recommended that patients with vertebral osteomyelitis associated with spinal cord injury should be transferred to dedicated centres of treatment as soon as possible.Just as in cases of spondylodiscitis without spinal cord injury inconsistent surgical or insufficient antibiotic treatment worsens the prognosis significantly. If it is possible to remit the infection, the prognosis for recovery of motor and sensory function is better than in cases with traumatic spinal cord injury. In many cases at least partial recovery can be observed.     

急性无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的机制与治疗

目的 探讨急性创伤性无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的机制及治疗方法。方针 对２７例无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者进行ＲＭＩ检查;８例颈椎间盘突出对脊髓压迫明显者予以手术治疗,１９例予以非手术治疗;分别于入院时及治疗后６周对脊髓损伤程度按ＡＳＩＡ标准分级评定。结果 采用大剂量甲基强的松龙治疗６例患者,６周后ＡＳＩＡ分级平均提高了２个等级,神经功能改善较明显;颈椎间盘突出明显者早期手术治疗神经功能有一定改善,受伤     

枕颈部畸形伴脊髓损伤的外科治疗策略

目的探讨枕颈部畸形伴脊髓损伤患者的外科治疗。方法回顾性研究28例枕颈部畸形伴脊髓损伤患者的临床资料,仔细分析患者的影像学资料,明确枕颈部畸形的种类、颈脊髓受压方向,选择合适的手术入路。结果 28例均接受手术治疗,其中8例行经口咽入路减压加后路减压植骨枕颈融合内固定术,20例行后路减压植骨枕颈融合内固定术;术中未发生感染、脑脊液漏、椎动脉损伤等并发症;术后Frankel B级2例恢复至C级,C级6例恢复至D级,D级15例恢复至E级、另外3例无变化。结论枕颈部畸形伴脊髓损伤的患者,术前仔细分析影像学资料,合理选择手术入路,彻底解除压迫、重建枕颈部的稳定,可以取得良好的临床疗效。     

胸腰椎骨折并截瘫的前路减压内固定术

目的探讨胸腰椎骨折伴截瘫的前路减压和内固定的治疗效果。方法采用前路减压Kaneda器内固定术治疗外伤性胸腰椎骨折伴截瘫38例，比较手术前后骨折复位及神经功能恢复情况。结果获随访的33例中，除2例胸椎损伤(T6、T10)并完全截瘫、2例脊髓横断无改善外，余均有Frankel一级以上恢复。结论前路减压Kaneda内固定术具有直视下直接切除致压物，有效地解除脊髓压迫，为神经功能恢复创造了条件；保留了后柱的完整性，重建了中柱的连续性，使前路减压、内固定、植骨融合、重建脊柱稳定性得以一次完成等优点，是治疗胸腰椎骨折伴截瘫的有效方法。     

Efficacy of surgical decompression in the setting of complete thoracic spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: An assessment of neurological improvement after surgical intervention in the setting of traumatic thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of a nonconsecutive cohort of patients with a thoracic SCI from T2 to T11. The analysis included a total of 12 eligible patients. The neurologic and functional outcomes were recorded from the acute hospital admission to the most recent follow-up. Data included patient age, level of injury, neurologic examination according to the Frankel grading system, the performance of surgery, and the mechanism of the time-related SCI decompression. RESULTS: All patients had a complete thoracic SCI. The median interval from injury to surgery was 11 days (range, 1-36 days). Decompression, bone fusion, and instrumentation were the most common surgical procedures performed. The median length of follow-up was 18 months after surgery (range, 9-132 months). Motor functional improvement was seen in 1 patient (Frankel A to C). CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression and fusion imparts no apparent benefit in terms of neurologic improvement (spinal cord) in the setting of a complete traumatic thoracic SCI. To better define the role of surgical decompression and stabilization in the setting of a complete SCI, randomized, controlled, prospective studies are necessary.     

A multilevel noncontiguous spinal fracture with cervical and thoracic spinal cord injury

Introduction and importanceA multi-level non-contiguous spinal fracture (MNSF) caused by a high-energy impact is a type of complex traumatic injury that is been frequently initially missed, and resulting in delayed diagnosis which adversely affects can result in spinal deformity and neurological deficit. This report describes the operative management of a patient with MNSF with spinal cord injury involving the cervical and thoracic vertebrae by cervical orthosis and posterior thoracic decompression and fusion.Case presentationAn 18-year-old male presented with extensive neck pain and paraplegia (ASIA A), following a motor vehicle accident. Radiographic imaging revealed MNSF: a non-displaced spinous process fracture of C5 (AO Spine subaxial cervical injury classification A0) with spinal cord injury combined with fracture-dislocation of T5 to T9 (AO Spine thoracolumbar injury classification C3). Posterior thoracic decompression and fusion was performed at T3 to T8. After the patient underwent the thoracic spine and cervical orthosis treatment, He received rehabilitation program and training transfer with wheelchair without caregiver. His sitting and balance were significantly improved at the 6 months follow-up. Although the lower extremity functions (ASIA A) may not improve due to the severe spinal cord injury.Clinical discussionMNSF with spinal cord injury following a high-velocity accident is an unstable and complex injury. Important of the clinical assessment and according to the injuries the treatment may vary.ConclusionsCervical orthosis was alternative treatment to preserve cervical motion treatment and posterior thoracic decompression with fixation is an effective option for patients in this MNSF with spinal cord injury.