青少年传统欺凌、网络欺凌与心理健康的关系研究

目的 调查青少年受欺凌的流行特点,探究遭受传统欺凌、网络欺凌以及欺凌数量对青少年心理健康的影响。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,分别选取华中某市城市、农村青少年3 174名。采用自制受欺凌问卷和《中国中学生心理健康量表》(MMHI - 60)调查青少年校园欺凌及心理健康状况。结果 13.4%(424/3 174)的青少年至少遭受过一种类型的校园欺凌,其中受言语欺凌报告率最高(9.9%),网络欺凌最低(2.9%);受欺凌报告率男生高于女生(χ2 = 6.48,P = 0.011),七年级最高21.6%(114/3 174)。心理健康问题的检出率为10.3%（328/3 174）;受任意类型的欺凌均与心理健康问题相关,遭受多种类型欺凌者发生心理健康问题的风险高于单一受欺凌者;传统欺凌(言语欺凌、躯体欺凌、关系欺凌)对心理健康的独立影响高于网络欺凌。结论 青少年遭受欺凌与心理健康问题的产生密切相关,传统欺凌仍然是影响青少年心理健康的重要因素,应积极治理校园欺凌,促进青少年心理健康发展。     

全面促进中国儿童青少年心理健康发展

儿童青少年是社会可持续发展的重要资源。通过落实国家法律政策、构建心理健康服务体系, 完善心理健康干预策略, 从而促进儿童青少年身心健康发展, 是人口高质量发展的工作要求, 是提升全生命周期健康的重要基石, 是公共卫生领域的优先事项和值得应对的时代挑战, 对提高中国人力资本和人口素质、建成人力资源强国具有重要战略意义。     

婴儿期不同养育方式对青少年期心理健康的影响

目的探讨婴儿期养育方式对青少年期综合心理健康状况及其相关方面的影响。方法采用一般情况问卷(自拟)、青少年自评量表(YSR)、青少年生活事件自评量表(ASLEC)对66名婴儿期采用隔代养育的青少年(研究组)和67名婴儿期采用亲子养育的青少年(对照组)进行测评。结果多元方差分析显示,两种养育方式的青少年综合心理健康无差异,(Wilks’λ=0.881,F=1.85,P=0.0660.05);控制了婴儿期主要养育人受教育年限和生活事件混杂因素影响后进行多元协方差分析,结果显示亲子养育青少年社交方面优于隔代养育青少年(2.54±0.24vs3.44±0.25,F=6.38,P=0.0130.05)。结论养育方式对青少年综合心理健康的远期影响有限,应当加强隔代养育儿童社交方面的培养。     

社会兴趣与青少年心理健康的相关性分析

目的 了解青少年社会兴趣与心理健康的现况及关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样与随机抽样相结合的方法,抽取河南省4所中职学校中的605名青少年为研究对象,平均年龄为（16.42±1.06）岁,并运用青少年社会兴趣量表、青少年心理健康量表对其进行调研,采用SPSS20.0软件主要以单因素方差分析、相关分析及逐步回归分析法处理调研数据。结果 不同年级的青少年在社会兴趣（F = 8.263,P＜0.001）、心理健康（F = 8.007,P＜0.001）各构面上差异有统计学意义,经Scheffe检验,发现一年级与三年级之间差异有统计学意义（F值介于4.647～10.852之间,P＜0.001）;青少年的社会兴趣与心理健康之间具有低、中度正相关（r值介于0.382～0.687之间,P＜0.01）;青少年社会兴趣的友善性、归属感、贡献力3个预测变量能解释心理健康57.6%的变异量,且以友善性自变量解释力最高（46.6%）。结论 青少年的社会兴趣能影响其心理健康。     

民间传统体育干预对地震灾区青少年心理健康的影响

目的调查地震给青少年群体带来的心理问题,以民间传统体育项目为手段抚平震区青少年群体的心理地震。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测评,并将获得的数据运用SPSS处理,同时采用民间传统体育活动进行干预。结果灾区青少年心理健康问题的检出率为70.25%;影响因子有恐怖、抑郁、焦虑、强迫症状、偏执,检出率分别为89.75%、80.25%、78.75%、73.50%和40.50%,与非地震灾区的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);女生的强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖较男生严重,性别间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经民间传统体育活动干预后,灾区青少年的上述5个心理健康因子有了明显的改善,与非地震灾区比较,其差异已无统计学意义(P0.05),且女生变化较男生更快。结论地震灾区的青少年有巨大的心理问题,民间传统体育干预对改善灾区青少年的心理健康有促进作用。     

Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Socioeconomic inequalities in health are an important topic in social sciences and public health research. However, little is known about socioeconomic disparities and mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. This study systematically reviews publications on the relationships between various commonly used indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes for children and adolescents aged four to 18 years. Studies published in English or German between 1990 and 2011 were included if they reported at least one marker of socioeconomic status (an index or indicators, e.g., household income, poverty, parental education, parental occupation status, or family affluence) and identified mental health problems using validated instruments. In total, 55 published studies met the inclusion criteria, and 52 studies indicated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health problems in children and adolescents. Socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents were two to three times more likely to develop mental health problems. Low socioeconomic status that persisted over time was strongly related to higher rates of mental health problems. A decrease in socioeconomic status was associated with increasing mental health problems. The strength of the correlation varied with age and with different indicators of socioeconomic status, whereas heterogeneous findings were reported for gender and types of mental health problems. The included studies indicated that the theoretical approaches of social causation and classical selection are not mutually exclusive across generations and specific mental health problems; these processes create a cycle of deprivation and mental health problems. The review draws attention to the diversity of measures used to evaluate socioeconomic status, which might have influenced the comparability of international epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for individual-level early childhood interventions as well as a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities at a societal level to improve mental health in childhood and adolescence.     

Feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a knowledge-contact program to reduce mental illness stigma and improve mental health literacy in adolescents

The purpose of this school-based cluster-randomized trial was to determine the initial acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of an existing community-based intervention, In Our Own Voice, in a sample of US adolescent girls aged 13-17 years (n = 156). In Our Own Voice is a knowledge-contact intervention that provides knowledge about mental illness to improve mental health literacy and facilitates intergroup contact with persons with mental illness as a means to reduce mental illness stigma. This longitudinal study was set in two public high schools located in a southern urban community of the U.S. Outcomes included measures of mental illness stigma and mental health literacy. Findings support the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention for adolescents who enrolled in the study. Findings to support the efficacy of In Our Own Voice to reduce stigma and improve mental health literacy are mixed. The intervention did not reduce mental illness stigma or improve mental health literacy at one week follow up. The intervention did not reduce mental illness stigma at 4 and 8 weeks follow up. The intervention did improve mental health literacy at 4 and 8 weeks follow up. Previous studies have assessed the preliminary efficacy In Our Own Voice among young adults; rarely has In Our Own Voice been investigated longitudinally and with adolescents in the United States. This study provides initial data on the effects of In Our Own Voice for this population and can be used to further adapt the intervention for adolescents.     

Homeless and runaway youth mental health issues: No access to the system

Data from a center for homeless and runaway youth are presented in order to summarize the major mental health problems faced by these youth. This article also identifies indicators related to behavioral and environmental variables that may help in the development of intervention and prevention strategies for this population.     

Associations between changes in physical fitness and psychological difficulties status among Norwegian adolescents

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations for one-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body mass index, with psychological difficulties status in adolescents.MethodsNorwegian 14-15-year-olds (n = 925) participated in data collection at two time points separated by one year. Psychological difficulties were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire and data from follow-up serve as the dependent variable. Cardiorespiratory fitness (the Andersen-test), muscular strength (Eurofit) and body mass index were measured. Change scores were calculated from the physical fitness variables and serve as independent variables in linear mixed effects models.ResultsThere was no association between change in body mass index and psychological difficulties. Sex and socioeconomic status moderated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties. Immigrant status moderated the association between muscular strength and psychological difficulties. Subgroup results indicated inverse associations between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties among boys (b = −0.009; 95% CI = −0.015 to −0.003; p = .006); change in muscular strength and psychological difficulties among immigrants (b = −1.97; 95% CI = −4.03 to 0.09; p = .061). Subgroup results also indicated an association between change in cardiorespiratory fitness and psychological difficulties among girls in the highest socioeconomic group (b = 0.014; 95% CI = 0.003 to 0.025; p = .014).ConclusionsThe associations for different fitness components were dependent on different moderators. Possibly, this indicates that associations in different subgroups are mediated by different mechanisms. Moderated associations should be addressed in future investigations.     

Evaluation of non-response bias in mental health determinants and outcomes in a large sample of pre-adolescents

Since non-response may jeopardize the validity of studies, comprehensive assessment of non-response is a prerequisite for proper interpretation of study findings. Recently, the baseline assessment of the TRacking Adolescents Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a prospective cohort study among Dutch pre-adolescents, was completed. The aim of this report is to examine non-response bias by comparing responders and non-responders regarding mental health determinants (e.g., demographics and cognitive performance) and outcomes, as well as associations between the two. Furthermore, we examine whether extended efforts to recruit participants contribute to the prevention or reduction of non-response bias. Thanks to various recruitment procedures, the initial response rate of 66% increased to a final rate of 76%. The extended efforts to recruit participants prevented non-response bias in the prevalence rates of psychopathology. Although non-responders differed from responders with respect to several individual characteristics, no significant differences were found regarding associations between these characteristics and psychopathology. We conclude that TRAILS provides a solid basis to improve our understanding of the development of mental health during adolescence.     

农村低保户家庭青少年心理健康和自尊、心理韧性的现状分析

目的 了解新疆南疆农村低保户家庭不同性别青少年心理健康、自尊、心理韧性的现状和差异,为低保户家庭青少年身心健康发展提供支持。方法 在新疆南疆地区对2 784名农村低保户家庭的青少年进行中学生心理健康量表、自尊量表、心理韧性量表的调查。结果 新疆南疆农村低保户家庭中学生心理健康总分为（2.14±0.67）分;自尊得分为（28.19±4.55）分;心理韧性得分为（54.08±17.79）分。重度心理问题学生占1.01%、中度为10.99%、轻度为43.82%、无心理健康问题为44.18%。结论 新疆南疆农村低保户家庭青少年自尊、心理韧性对心理健康起到直接的保护作用,自尊还可通过心理韧性间接影响青少年心理健康状况。     

To what extent does socioeconomic status explain differences in health between Roma and non-Roma adolescents in Slovakia?

The Roma make up one of the largest ethnic groups in Europe. The few studies that are available report health among the Roma as considerably worse than that of the majority population, and virtually nothing is known about the health status of Roma adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the self-reported health outcomes of Roma adolescents living in Roma settlements with adolescents from the majority population and to assess the impact of socioeconomic status on the results obtained. We conducted a survey among Roma adolescents (N = 330, mean age = 14.5) and non-Roma adolescents (N = 722, mean age = 14.9) living in eastern Slovakia. We gathered data on sociodemographic position, self-rated health (using the SF-36), the occurrence of accidents and injuries during the past year, healthcare utilization during the past year, health complaints, mental health and social desirability. Roma adolescents reported poorer self-rated health, more accidents and injuries during the past year and more frequent use of healthcare during the past year, though fewer health complaints. Furthermore, they reported more prosocial behaviour than non-Roma. No differences appeared in total difficulties. Socioeconomic status decreased the association of ethnicity with health outcomes. Adjustment for social desirability had a significant effect on the differences for all outcomes, except for accidents and injuries during the past year.     

The effect of change in mental disorder status on change in spousal mental health: the HUNT study

Longitudinal research on caregiver burden related to mental disorders based on representative samples is scarce. Previous results on the development of burden over time are inconsistent. This article aims to establish whether change in mental disorder status in the index persons predicts subjective burden in their spouses in terms of changed mental health over a period of 11 years. We compared change in spousal mental health between four groups from a Norwegian population based sample of 9144 couples, in which the index persons suffered from mental disorder at the first, second, both, or none of the two measurement times. Mental disorder was defined by a high score on a measure of global mental health combined with self reported impaired functioning due to mental health problems. Spouses of index persons who suffered from mental disorder at the second but not the first measurement time reported moderately impaired mental health, but those spouses with few friends reported a more severe impairment. Spousal mental health in the other groups did not change significantly. Effect sizes were moderate. The findings suggest that spouses of mentally disordered individuals in general experience only moderate levels of burden, and that the transition into a caregiving role is the period in which spouses are vulnerable to negative effects on their mental health. The results point to the treatment of mental health problems in couples as a supplement or alternative to individual treatment.     

非意愿妊娠青少年心理健康状况调查

目的了解非意愿妊娠青少年心理健康状况。方法采用SCL-90和自编式调查问卷对322名妊娠青少年和295名未发生妊娠的青少年进行测评。结果与对照组及全国青年组常模相比，妊娠组青少年心理健康状况较差（P〈0．05），而且15岁一组的妊娠青少年心理状康状况差于20～24岁（P〈0．05），北京地区妊娠青少年心理健康状况差于济南地区（P〈0．05）。结论非意愿妊娠严重影响青少年的心理健康状况，应注意心理干预。     

Cross-sectional associations between sitting at work and psychological distress: Reducing sitting time may benefit mental health

ProblemEvidence is emerging of adverse associations between prolonged sitting at work and physical health, yet little is known about occupational sitting and mental health. This study examined associations between occupational sitting and psychological distress in employed adults, independent of leisure-time physical activity.MethodsA survey of 3367 state government employees (mean age 46.2 years, 71.9% women) was conducted in Tasmania, Australia, during 2010 as part of an evaluation of workplace health and wellbeing programs. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was used to measure psychological distress, and participants reported time spent sitting at work on a typical day. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Ratios of prevalence (PR) for categories of psychological distress were estimated by log multinomial regression separately for men and women, and with adjustment for age, marital status, effort-reward imbalance and leisure-time physical activity.ResultsAverage reported occupational sitting time was 4.8 (Standard Deviation SD = 2.5) hours for men and 4.2 (SD = 2.7) hours for women. Compared to those sitting at work less than 3 h/day, men sitting more than 6 h/day had increased prevalence of moderate psychological distress (adjusted PR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.22, 2.95), and women sitting more than 6 h/day had an increased prevalence of moderate (adjusted PR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.05, 1.49) and high (adjusted PR = 1.76, 95%CI 1.25, 2.47) distress.ConclusionThe current study found an association between occupational sitting and intermediate levels of psychological distress, independent of leisure-time physical activity. Reducing occupational sitting time may have mental health benefits.     

Parents' work patterns and adolescent mental health

Previous research demonstrates that non-standard work schedules undermine the stability of marriage and reduce family cohesiveness. Limited research has investigated the effects of parents working non-standard schedules on children's health and wellbeing and no published Australian studies have addressed this important issue. This paper contributes to bridging this knowledge gap by focusing on adolescents aged 15–20 years and by including sole parent families which have been omitted in previous research, using panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey. Multilevel linear regression models are estimated to analyse the association between parental work schedules and hours of work and measures of adolescents' mental health derived from the SF-36 Health Survey. Evidence of negative impacts of parents working non-standard hours upon adolescent wellbeing is found to exist primarily within sole parent families.     

大学生冲动性与心理健康水平的相关研究

目的调查大学生的冲动性水平及心理健康水平,并分析二者之间的关系。方法采用大学生一般调查表、Barratt冲动性量表第11版（BIS-11）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）为研究工具,对分层随机抽取的722名大一-大三的在校学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生的冲动性总分为（67.43±8.67）分;SCL-90的恐怖因子高于全国常模（P〈0.05）,强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执、精神病性5个因子的得分低于全国常模（P〈0.05）;SCL-90的10个因子与冲动性存在正相关（P〈0.05）。精神病性（b=0.295,P=0.007）、敌对（b=0.334,P=0.004）、焦虑（b=0.574,P=0.001）、恐怖（b=0.496,P=0.000）对于冲动性具有预测作用。结论大学生冲动性水平总体处于中等水平,心理健康水平总体稍优于全国水平,心理健康状况对冲动性水平具有较强的影响作用。     

Brief report: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect health behaviors in youth, especially youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to examine changes in physical activity, screen-time, and sleep in adolescents with ASD due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsNine adolescents with ASD completed surveys measuring physical activity, screen-time, and sleep duration prior to and during the pandemic.ResultsA significant decrease in days of physical activity (4.17 vs 2.27; p = 0.0006), and a significant increase in hours of both weekday (3.69 vs 6.25; p = 0.007) and weekend screen-time (5.94 vs. 7.39; p = 0.004) was observed during the pandemic. No changes regarding sleep duration was observed.ConclusionsAlthough preliminary, results suggest that physical activity and screen-time may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in youth with ASD. The development of interventions to promote health behaviors in ASD populations during long periods of less-structured time (quarantine) should be considered.     

孕妇心理对妊娠结局的影响

目的了解孕妇心理状况和妊娠结局之间的关系,为孕期保健提供依据。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自评抑郁量表(SDS)对243例妊娠中期孕妇进行调查,在其分娩时记录各产程时间和产时出血量,并对新生儿记录Apgar评分。结果243例孕妇的SCL-90总分均值为(25.16±20.58)分,其中躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执7个因子以及SCL阳性项目数得分显著高于常模;SCL-90评价指标和妊娠结局之间无相关性;SDS量表总均分高于我国女性常模;SDS单项分18项高于女性常模;抑郁组的产程、产后出血以及新生儿评分Apgar与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妊娠中期孕妇心理健康可以影响到胎儿,导致新生儿Apgar评分改变,因此,应加强围生期保健工作,以提高妊娠质量,使妊娠和分娩顺利进行,以促进母子的身心健康。     

Examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions,physical activity,and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examined how neighborhood conditions changed and how neighborhood conditions were associated with physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among Americans. The major outcomes were stratified by the neighborhood's poverty and regression models were used to assess the associations between neighborhood conditions and their change during the pandemic and the outcomes of physical activity and mental health. The results show that low-poverty neighborhoods had more health-promoting neighborhood conditions before the outbreak and more positive changes during the outbreak. Health-promoting neighborhood conditions were associated with higher physical activity and moderate physical activity and lack of negative neighborhood conditions such as crime/violence and traffic were associated with a lower risk of mental health problems including loneliness, depression, and anxiety. Mental health problems were also significantly associated with the COVID-19 infection and death and household income level. Our findings suggest that it is plausible that the disparities of physical activity and mental health by neighborhood exacerbate due to the pandemic and people who living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods bear increasingly disproportionate burden.