食道癌、贲门癌术后腹泻的中药治疗现状

食道癌、贲门癌是人类常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,几乎所有国家和民族均有发病,全世界每年约有31．04万人死于食道癌,我国的自然发病率为53‰,每年死亡达到16．72万人,因此越来越受到人们的关注,随着人们对疾病认识的更加深入。疾病诊断技术方面的不断提高,食道癌、贲门癌的发病率不断上升。     

食管贲门癌根治术后胆石症发病特征及形成机制分析

 目的 回顾分析食管贲门癌根治术后并发胆石症的病例特征,并探讨其可能的形成机制.方法 随访食管贲门癌根治术术后病例,观察术后胆结石的发病情况.结果 共随访171例食管贲门癌根治术后患者,26例(15.2%)出现胆结石,发病率显著高于自然人群(6.6%,P<0.05).胆结石的发病与手术方式有关,颈部吻合组发病率高于胸腔内吻合组,腹部切口组更高.结论 食管贲门癌根治术后有较高的胆石症发病率, 迷走神经的切断及手术方式在胆结石的发生中起着重要作用.     

胃三重造影对贲门癌切除的估计

贲门癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一。由于贲门解剖的特殊性,贲门癌早期症状多不明显,除普查早期发现外,一般不易早期确诊。当病人出现症状时,癌肿大多已属晚期,故贲门癌切除率低。为了提高切除率,减少不必要的手术探查,我们对贲门癌病人术前进行胃三重造影检查,对贲门癌切除的估计取得了满意的效果。现介绍如下:     

肝癌影像诊断进展

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,每年的新发病率超过500 000例,致死率在恶性肿瘤中居第3位,仅次于肺癌和胃癌[1].在我国每年有20～30万人死于肝癌[2],发病率与死亡率均居世界之首.     

三维超声成像技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

乳腺癌是乳腺导管上皮及其末梢上皮发生的恶性肿瘤,是女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,在西方国家其发病率和死亡率均为恶性肿瘤之首[1].近年来,乳腺癌的发病率呈不断上升趋势,对乳腺癌进行早期诊断,变得尤为重要.     

鼻咽癌放疗诱发恶性肿瘤七例报道

放疗是鼻咽癌的首选治疗方法.随着放疗技术的进步,以及化疗在中晚期鼻咽癌患者中的应用,诱发恶性肿瘤的问题越来越受到重视.有文献报道,头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗后诱发恶性肿瘤的发病率为0.4％～0.7％[1-2].现将本科自1992年至今诊治的7例病例结合文献报道如下.     

内镜诊断贲门癌12例体会

内镜诊断贲门癌１２例体会宦民，邵淑娟，关彩霞贲门癌是一种位置较高、手术创伤大、癌细胞转移早、疗效差和死亡率高的消化道恶性肿瘤、目前已被单独命名、为了提高内镜下的诊断率，现将我院经内镜诊断，手术或病理证实的１２例贲门癌分析如下。１临床资料性别与年龄：本...     

癌基因、抑癌基因与糖尿病

目前我国糖尿病及恶性肿瘤的发病率都在逐年增加,同时有资料显示糖尿病患者的恶性肿瘤发病率比非糖尿病患者的发病率更高。而恶性肿瘤的发生本质上是由于原癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活所致。本文就目前国内外对癌基因与抑癌基因参与糖尿病的发病机制的相关研究进展进行综述。     

喉癌基础及临床进展概述

喉癌是耳鼻喉科常见的恶性肿瘤,在头颈部上皮来源的原发恶性肿瘤中排第2位。男性发病率是女性发病率的10倍左右,近几年来喉癌发病有明显增高的趋势。本文拟喉癌基础及临床研究进展作一综述。     

喉癌基础及临床进展概述

喉癌是耳鼻喉科常见的恶性肿瘤，在头颈部上皮来源的原发恶性肿瘤中排第2位。男性发病率是女性发病率的10倍左右，近几年来喉癌发病有明显增高的趋势。本拟喉癌基础及临床研究进展作一综述。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.