白细胞介素-10与肝脏疾病

肝脏疾病与各种因素导致的肝脏急、慢性损伤关系密切,而炎症反应和机体的免疫调节机制在各种肝病的发生和发展中具有举足轻重的作用.白细胞介素-10是一种重要的炎症负性调控因子,参与多种疾病的病理生理调节过程,对各种肝脏疾病均有一定的影响.     

白细胞介素2与慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种具有气流受限特征的疾病,气流受限不完全可逆,呈进行性进展,与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体和有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关[1].COPD的发病机制目前仍无定论,近年的研究发现炎症细胞释放的多种细胞因子在疾病发展过程中扮演重要角色.白细胞介素2（interleukin-2;IL-2）与感染密切相关,在机体免疫应答的启动与炎症反应中起到放大作用[2].以下对IL-2与COPD发病的关系进行简要综述.     

石家庄市空气污染与儿科呼吸系统疾病住院率的相关性研究

目的 研究石家庄市空气污染与儿科呼吸系统疾病(哮喘发作、喘息性支气管炎、肺炎)住院率的相关性.方法 连续记录河北省石家庄市2016年1月至2017年1月空气质量检测数据,并收集同期河北省儿童医院哮喘发作、喘息性支气管炎及肺炎住院率,结合同期环境监测资料,进行直线相关回归分析,分析大气污染物对儿科呼吸系统疾病住院率的影响.结果 喘息性支气管炎住院率与大气中SO2和NO2月平均浓度呈中度正相关(r=0.598、0.626,均P<0.05),喘息性支气管炎住院率与PM10、CO、PM2.5和O3均无直线相关关系;肺炎住院率与SO2、NO2、PM10、CO和PM2.5月平均浓度均呈高度正相关(r=0.867、0.811、0.825、0.931和0.860,均P<0.05),与O3月平均浓度无直线相关关系.污染物浓度每增加10单位,喘息性支气管炎住院率增加0.1%,肺炎住院率增加2.4%.结论 石家庄市大气污染物PM10、PM2.5、NO2、SO2和CO污染对儿童呼吸系统造成一定的损伤,并导致相应疾病住院率的增加.     

加强2型糖尿病新伴发症的研究,构建疾病防治的新理论体系

T2DM是一种以高血糖为突出表现的异质性疾病的集合体.T2DM的经典并发症为与高血糖有特异性相关的糖尿病微血管病变(DR、DN、DPN).前瞻性、随机分组、对照研究—DCCT、UKPDS和kumamot研究结果证明,严格控制血糖可显著改善糖尿病微血管病变的预后.一些大血管病变,如中风、冠心病、外周血管病变虽然与高血糖之间存在着非特异相关性的关系,但这些疾病在T2DM患者中的发生风险却明显高于非糖尿病患者.多个前瞻性、随机分组、对照研究的研究结果均未显示出严格控制血糖对大血管病变的明显改善作用.     

核因子κB与2型糖尿病关系的研究进展

近年来研究显示2型糖尿病是一种与炎症有关的疾病,炎症可以导致胰岛素抵抗和动脉粥样硬化.此外炎症尚参与胰岛β细胞损伤.NF-кB是一种重要的转录调节因子,其在细胞信号传递和基因的诱导表达过程中起重要作用.本文就NF-κB与2型糖尿病的关系做简要介绍.     

糖尿病患者合并甲状腺功能障碍84例临床分析

在同一个体或家庭中糖尿病与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病会同时存在,两者同属内分泌系统疾病,多存在自身免疫功能异常.通常自身免疫性甲状腺疾病在女性和高龄人群发病率较高,甲状腺功能异常引起代谢紊乱从而影响1型糖尿病.合并有自身免疫性甲状腺疾病的糖尿病患者病情会加重'<[1]>.国内对这两种疾病合并发生也有关注,但多是针对病例的报道'<2-4>.本研究通过比较正常人群与糖尿病患者中甲状腺疾病的发病情况,以期了解1型糖尿病与甲状腺疾病的关系.     

《2015年意大利肝病学会意见书:肝脏疾病与妊娠》摘译

肝脏疾病与妊娠临床上表现为相互影响的重要关系.妊娠相关性肝病是妊娠期肝损伤的最常见原因,并且对母亲和胎儿的生存构成严重威胁.本报告总结了意大利肝病学会(Italian Association for the Study of the Liver,AISF)专家小组对妊娠期肝病管理的意见,主要目的是为临床实践提供妊娠期肝脏疾病的最佳管理建议.报告分为3个部分:(1)妊娠期特发性肝脏疾病;(2)妊娠期发生的肝脏疾病;(3)妊娠合并慢性肝脏疾病.采纳建议的证据分级和推荐强度均采用美国心脏病学院和美国心脏学会实践指南的标准(表1).     

缺血性脑卒中相关基因研究进展

脑卒中是一种严重威胁人类健康的疾病,我国脑卒中每年新发病例约150万,而缺血性脑卒中占80%.随着分子生物学和神经科学研究的进展,人们认识到缺血性脑卒中的发病、病理生理过程均与一些基因的表达和调控有着密切的关系.因此,从分子和基因水平对缺血性脑卒中进行研究,探讨通过基因的调控来预防和治疗这类疾病已经成为缺血性脑卒中研究的热点之一.     

肾脏疾病时血清瘦素水平与慢性肾衰竭的关系

瘦素(Leptin,LEP)是近年来发现的一种由脂肪细胞分泌的对调节代谢具有重要生物活性的多肽激素.其主要生理功能是感受机体的营养状况,调节食欲及进食量.LEP不仅与肥胖有关,而且与许多疾病如肾脏疾病等关系密切.肾脏是清除LEP的主要器官,同时LEP对肾脏疾病可直接发挥作用.本研究探讨LEP水平对慢性肾脏疾病的影响;慢性肾衰与LEP关系及发生机制,对延缓慢性肾衰减轻对肾功能的影响,减缓肾功能衰竭有重要意义.     

糖友食物系列（一）：抵抗慢性炎症的好帮手

2型糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,它与慢性炎症密切相关.在糖尿病的发生和发展过程中,炎症因子具有重要的作用,与脂肪代谢、氧化应激、胰岛素抵抗等均有关系,那些超重及肥胖者中这种炎症反应更明显,慢性炎症还会增加各种并发症的风险.精制的碳水化合物类升糖指数高的食物不仅会升高餐后血糖,还会加重这种慢性炎症反应.下面这九种食物具有很好的抗炎作用,糖友不妨试试.     

The relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in the spine

The degree of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in the lumbar spine has been compared in patients with spinal osteoarthritis and osteoporotic fracturesand in a normal control group of 252 elderly subjects, to investigate the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in the spine. The two indices were highly significantly different in the three groups (p<0.01). The degree of osteoarthritis in the osteoarthritic patients was higher (p<0.01) than in the fracture patients and the normal control subjects, while the degree of osteoporosis in the fracture patients was higher than in osteoarthritic patients and normal controls (p<0.01). These data support the conclusion that osteoarthritis and osteoporosis in the spine are inversely related.     

Bone mineral density and joint cartilage: four clinical settings of a complex relationship in osteoarthritis

Experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that both high and low bone mineral density (BMD) conditions, including osteoporosis, may induce osteoarthritis. However, these conditions do not always predispose to osteoarthritis progression. Four clinical settings could arise from this relationship, and furthermore two phenotypes may be identified whether early osteoarthritis coexists with high or low BMD.     

Association of radiological hand osteoarthritis with bone mineral mass: a population study

OBJECTIVES: A number of previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. However, the association has remained controversial because osteoarthritis in hand joints seems to associate differently from osteoarthritis in weight-bearing joints with bone mineral mass. We studied osteoarthritis in distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints and osteoarthritis in the base of the thumb (CMC-1) for their cross-sectional associations with metacarpal cortical bone mineral mass, and for their prediction of calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation. METHODS: A population sample of 8000 Finns aged 30 yr and over was invited to a comprehensive health examination in 1978-1980; 90% complied. Hand radiographs were taken from 3568 participants to diagnose osteoarthritis in various hand joints, and to determine two indicators of cortical bone mineral mass, the combined cortical thickness (CCT) and the metacarpal index (MCI). Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation was measured 20 yr later in 340 of these participants with the Sahara sonometer. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional setting, osteoarthritis in the DIP joints and osteoarthritis in the base of the thumb (CMC-1) were significantly associated with low CCT and low MCI. These associations were proportional to the radiological severity of osteoarthritis. In the follow-up setting, symmetrical DIP osteoarthritis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, education, workload and MCI significantly predicted low values of broadband ultrasound attenuation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a direct relation of both radiological DIP osteoarthritis and CMC-1 osteoarthritis with low cortical bone mineral mass, in proportion to the severity of osteoarthritis. The presence of symmetrical DIP osteoarthritis, a possible indicator of generalized osteoarthritis, suggests an increased risk of osteoporosis over time.     

Epidemiology of Locomotive Organ Disorders and Symptoms: An Estimation Using the Population-Based Cohorts in Japan

Although locomotive organ diseases such as osteoporotic fractures and osteoarthritis are major reasons for disability and require support, little information is available regarding the epidemiology of musculoskeletal dysfunction and its symptoms including knee pain and lumbar pain in Japan. The research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability (ROAD) study is a prospective cohort study that aims at elucidating the environmental and genetic background for locomotive organ diseases, and has been ongoing since 2005. In this review, epidemiological indices such as prevalence of locomotive organ diseases including knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis were clarified using baseline survey results of the ROAD study. The number of subjects with such diseases was estimated. In addition, 3-year follow-up data from the ROAD study revealed the effect of osteoarthritis on the occurrence of osteoporosis, and vice versa. The prevalences of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis were shown to be high. Also, the large estimates of patients with these conditions suggest that urgent strategies are needed for addressing locomotive organ diseases that cause disability in the elderly. We also clarified the prevalence of knee pain, lumbar pain, and their co-existence using the survey results of the longitudinal cohorts of motor system organ study. We found that both knee pain and lumbar pain were prevalent in 12.2 % of the total population and the presence of knee pain affected lumbar pain, and vice versa.     

WNT signaling in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: What is the biological significance for the clinician?

Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are common musculoskeletal disorders in which cause and outcome are determined by genetic and environmental factors. The WNT signaling pathway plays an important role in skeletal development and growth. Polymorphisms in a number of genes that belong to this pathway are associated with osteoarthritis and/or osteoporosis. This suggests a role for this molecular signaling pathway in postnatal joint and bone homeostasis and pathology. Increased activity of WNT signaling strengthens the bone but may have adverse effects on the articular cartilage. Frizzled related protein (FRZB) plays a role in both bone and cartilage. Better understanding of the WNT pathway and its modulators may lead to specific therapeutics for both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. This review focuses on recent studies in human genetics and animal models and highlights the potential clinical relevance of this rapidly evolving field of research.     

用Micro-CT评价大鼠骨质疏松合并骨性关节炎模型

目的利用Micro-CT技术,建立一种骨质疏松合并骨性关节炎的大鼠模型,为进一步进行骨质疏松合并骨性关节炎的药物研究提供动物模型。方法SD雌性大鼠18只,随机分成假手术(Sham)组、去卵巢(OVX)组和OVX+碘乙酸钠(OVX+MIA)组。去卵巢手术4 w后,在Sham和OVX组大鼠右侧膝关节腔内注射无菌生理盐水,而OVX+MIA组大鼠注射碘乙酸钠(40 mg/ml)。碘乙酸钠注射12 w后处死取材,取右侧股骨和胫骨进行Micro-CT扫描和重建。结果与Sham组比较,OVX组和OVX+MIA组大鼠股骨松质骨骨密度、骨体积分数、骨小梁数量和连接密度均明显减小(P<0.01),而骨小梁分离度和结构指数模型均明显增大(P<0.01)。与Sham组比较,OVX+MIA组胫骨关节面内侧软骨厚度、软骨体积分数明显减小(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论利用双侧OVX手术和膝关节腔中注射MIA可制备骨质疏松合并骨性关节炎的大鼠模型,而单纯双侧OVX手术不能制备骨质疏松合并骨性关节炎的大鼠模型。     

Epidemiology of the locomotive syndrome: The research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study 2005–2015

Although locomotive organ disorders are major causes of disability and require support, little information is available regarding their epidemiology. Prevalence and co-existence of locomotive organ disorders including knee osteoarthritis (KOA), lumbar spondylosis (LS), hip osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis have been determined from baseline results of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study. KOA, LS, and hip osteoarthritis overlap in the population, while KOA and LS co-exist in 42.0% of people. Mutual associations between locomotive organ disorders, metabolic syndrome components, and mild cognitive impairment were found using baseline and 3-year follow-up data from the ROAD study. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and mild cognitive impairment increase the risk of KOA. Osteoporosis at L2-4 was significantly influenced by the presence of femoral neck osteoporosis, and vice versa. In turn, excess weight was inversely associated with the occurrence of femoral neck osteoporosis. Finally, data from the 3rd survey (7-year follow-up) were used to calculate the prevalence of the locomotive syndrome using tests proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association for assessing the risk of developing locomotive syndrome. Subsequently, the age-sex prevalence of stage 1 and stage 2 locomotive syndrome was estimated at 69.8% and 25.1%, respectively.     

Update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that affects the entire aging population. This report provides an update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis and its associated fractures. Published studies from 1997 to the present are highlighted. The current US prevalence estimates for osteoporosis, trends in fracture incidence rates, and latest reports on the morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to osteoporotic fractures are discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of risk factors associated with osteoporosis and related fractures are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the rapid progress being made in the field of genetics, the growing importance of nutrition, and the new questions being raised as to the influence of hormonal factors on bone mineral density and fracture risk. New studies linking osteoporosis to several other important diseases in women including breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and stroke are also reviewed.     

Update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that affects the entire aging population. This report provides an update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis and its associated fractures. Published studies from 1997 to the present are highlighted. The current US prevalence estimates for osteoporosis, trends in fracture incidence rates, and latest reports on the morbidity, mortality, and costs attributable to osteoporotic fractures are discussed. Recent advances in our understanding of risk factors associated with osteoporosis and related fractures are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the rapid progress being made in the field of genetics, the growing importance of nutrition, and the new questions being raised as to the influence of hormonal factors on bone mineral density and fracture risk. New studies linking osteoporosis to several other important diseases in women including breast cancer, osteoarthritis, and stroke are also reviewed.     

Impact of osteoarthritis on individuals and society: how much disability? Social consequences and health economic implications

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of disability in both the developed and developing world. With the population aging, the prevalence of osteoarthritis is increasing and its consequences are impacting significantly on society. This is one of the reasons why osteoarthritis has been adopted as a major focus (along with osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, and musculoskeletal trauma) by the global initiative--the Decade of Bone and Joint Disease. Adequate studies on the costs of osteoarthritis are urgently required so that cogent arguments can be made to governments to appropriately fund prevention and treatment programs for this condition. Its recognition as a major cause of disability, particularly in the aging population, should increase community focus on this important condition.