Magnolol reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via neutrophil inhibition in rats.

The accumulation of oxygen-free radicals and activation of neutrophils are strongly implicated as important pathophysiological mechanisms mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. It has been proven that various antioxidants have cardioprotective effects. Magnolol, an active component extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Magnolia officinalis, possesses potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of magnolol was evaluated in an open-chest anesthetized rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg, i.v. bolus) at 10 min before 45 min of left coronary artery occlusion, significantly suppressed the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and mortality when compared with the control group. Magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) also significantly reduced the total duration of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. After 1 h of reperfusion, pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) caused a significant reduction in infarct size. In addition, magnolol (0.2 microg/kg) significantly reduced superoxide anion production and myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration in the ischemic myocardium. In addition, pretreatment with magnolol (0.2 and 0.5 microg/kg) suppressed ventricular arrhythmias elicited by reperfusion following 5 min of ischemia. In vitro studies of magnolol (5, 20 and 50 microM) significantly suppressed N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP; 25 nM)-activated human neutrophil migration in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that magnolol suppresses ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias and reduces the size of the infarct resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. This pronounced cardioprotective activity of magnolol may be mediated by its antioxidant activity and by its capacity for neutrophil inhibition in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.     

参附注射液对大鼠急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌核转录因子-κB的影响

目的:探讨参附注射液保护大鼠心肌缺血 再灌注损伤作用与机理。方法:采用大鼠心脏左冠状动脉前降支缺血 再灌注模型,缺血30min ,再灌注6 0min。2 4只SD大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组;缺血 再灌注组;参附注射液组。酶联免疫吸附实验法检测血浆中肿瘤坏死因子 -α(TNF- α)、白细胞介素- 6(IL- 6 )浓度,免疫印记法测心肌核转录因子- κB(NF -κB)活性水平,电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果:缺血 再灌注组心肌NF -κB的活性,血浆TNF- a、IL -6浓度较假手术组明显上升(P <0 .0 1)。参附注射液组中上述指标与缺血 再灌注组比较均显著下降(P <0 .0 1) ,电镜下参附注射液组中心肌超微结构较缺血再灌注组明显减轻并接近正常。结论:参附注射液通过抑制缺血心肌中NF- κB的活性,降低促炎因子水平,对心肌起保护作用。     

阿托伐他汀对兔动脉粥样硬化中NF-κB/IκB和炎症因子表达的影响

目的探讨高脂饮食诱发兔动脉粥样硬化中核因子-κB(NF-κB)的活化与其抑制因子IκB的表达,以及阿托伐他汀对NF-κB/IκB信号途径、ICAM-1和P选择素的影响。方法24只新西兰♂家兔随机分为正常对照组、高胆固醇组和阿托伐他汀组,应用W estern b lot方法检测动脉中胞核NF-κB p65亚基和胞浆IκBα表达变化;免疫放射法检测血清P选择素水平,免疫组织化学检测血管壁ICAM-1的表达。结果高胆固醇组与对照组比较胞核NF-κB p65和血管壁ICAM-1表达明显增强、血P选择素明显升高(P<0.05),胞浆中IκBα表达明显减弱(P<0.05);阿托伐他汀组与高胆固醇组比较NF-κB p65和血管壁ICAM-1明显表达较弱、血P选择素明显减少(P<0.05),胞浆IκBα的表达增强(P<0.05)。结论NF-κB/IκB信号途径在动脉粥样硬化中起重要作用,阿托伐他汀可以减少P选择素、ICAM-1的表达。     

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae, against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via regulating the inflammation response

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of fucoidan on rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model and elucidate the potential mechanisms. Myocardial I/R injury was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h. After 2 h reperfusion, hemodynamics parameters were detected. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6, 10 (IL-6, 10). Hearts were harvested to assess histopathological changes, infarct size (IS), and the content of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), phosphor-IκB-α and phosphor-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assayed by western blot. Compared with control group, treatment with fucoidan improved left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the contractility index (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Fucoidan reduced the myocardial IS, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and the activity of MPO (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Fucoidan down-regulated the expression of HMGB1, phosphor-IκB-α and NF-κB, but increased the content of IL-10 when compared with control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Besides, the infiltration of polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and histopathological damages in myocardium were decreased in fucoidan treated groups (PMNs, P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These findings revealed that the administration of fucoidan could regulate the inflammation response via HMGB1 and NF-κB inactivation in I/R-induced myocardial damage.     

Antidepressant-like effects of magnesium lithospermate B in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress

Abstract

Context: Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), an active polyphenol acid of Danshen [Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (Labiatae)], shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro.

Objective: We hypothesized that MLB might exert antidepressant-like effects by targeting the neuroinflammatory signals.

Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol. Rats in the control group received no CUS during the whole experiment. In the model group, rats were exposed to CUS for 7 weeks. From the beginning of the 5th week, model group rats were randomly grouped and subjected to different treatments. In the experiment, control and model group rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with saline. MLB was dissolved in saline to give a final concentration, and the rats were injected (i.p.) with 15, 30, or 60?mg/kg MLB once a day for 3 weeks.

Results: MLB administration significantly reduced: (1) the immobility time in the forced swimming test (19?s, p?<?0.05); (2) the immobility time in the tail suspension test (76.3?s, p?<?0.05); (3) the corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in the serum (21.7?nmol/L, p?>?0.05); (4) the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum – TNF-α (92.1?pg/ml, p?<?0.05), IL-1β (86.9?pg/ml, p?<?0.05), and IL-6 (93.8?pg/ml, p?<?0.05); (5) pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in tissue – TNF-α (3.2?pg/mg protein, p?<?0.05), IL-1β (1.5?pg/mg protein, p?>?0.05), and IL-6 (6.3?pg/mg protein, p?<?0.05); and (6) phospho-NF-κB (1.6, p?<?0.05) and phospho-IκB-α (0.4, p?<?0.05) expression in tissue.

Discussion and conclusion: The results suggested that MLB might exert therapeutic actions on depression-like behavior and the HPA axis hyperactivity in CUS rats, and the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of MLB might be mediated by regulation of the expression of NF-κB and IκB-α in rats.     

丙泊酚对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨异丙酚的心肌保护作用及机制.方法 阻断大鼠左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注2 h引起心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤.缺血前10 min分别灌注异丙酚3,6及12 mg·kg-1至再灌12 h后实验结束.记录心率和平均动脉压,并计算心率-血压指数;光镜电镜观察心肌组织的形态学变化;原位末端标记检测心肌细胞凋亡...     

紫草酸镁B抑制缺血/再灌注心肌细胞c-Jun N-末端激酶3 mRNA的表达

目的探讨c-Jun N-末端激酶3(c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3, JNK3)在缺血／再灌注心肌细胞损伤中的作用,及紫草酸镁B对缺血／再灌注心脏具有保护作用的机制。方法复制大鼠Langendorff心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型, 用原位杂交技术检测心肌细胞JNK3 mRNA的表达，并观察紫草酸镁B对JNK3表达的影响。结果图像分析显示，心肌缺血30 min/再灌注30 min时，JNK3表达明显高于非灌注组和对照组。0.1,1和10 μmol·L^-1紫草酸镁B可以抑制缺血／再灌注时JNK3 mRNA的表达。结论紫草酸镁B可通过抑制JNK3的表达以降低JNK的功能，从而减少心肌细胞凋亡的发生，对缺血／再灌注心脏产生保护作用。     

Nrf2调控AIM2炎症小体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注 损伤中的作用

目的 探讨核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）对脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响及对黑色素瘤缺乏因子2（AIM2）炎症 小体的调控作用。方法 将108只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假手术组（Sham组）、脑缺血再灌注模型组（I/R 组）、Nrf2抑制剂鸦胆子苦醇（Bru）干预组（Bru组）,每组再按随机数字表法进一步分为脑缺血再灌注后8、24、72 h组, 共9组,每组12只。I/R组和Bru组采用线栓法建立大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）模型。于相应时间点对各组行神经功能 缺损评分;采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色测定脑梗死面积;HE染色检测脑组织病理损伤;荧光定量PCR 法检测缺血侧脑组织中AIM2 mRNA表达;Western blot法检测缺血区脑组织中AIM2、Nrf2蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸 附试验法检测缺血区脑组织中凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（ASC）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶（Caspase）-1、白细胞介素（IL）-1β和IL-18 的表达。结果 与Sham组比较,I/R组各时间点神经功能缺损评分升高,脑组织病理损伤显著加重,AIM2 mRNA以 及Nrf2、AIM2、ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。与I/R组比较,Bru组各时间点神经功能 缺损评分升高,脑组织病理损伤更重,Nrf2蛋白表达水平降低,AIM2 mRNA和蛋白,ASC、Caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18蛋 白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论 Nrf2在脑缺血再灌注损伤中具有内源性神经保护作用,其机制可能与Nrf2可负 性调控AIM2炎症小体,减少炎性细胞因子的释放有关。     

参附对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤NF-κB、细胞黏附分子-1、TNF-α表达的影响

目的:观察参附注射液(shenfu injection,SF)对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤细胞黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、NF-κB、TNF-α表达的影响。方法:采用切除右肾,无创动脉夹夹闭左肾动脉45 min,再灌注2 h制作在体肾缺血再灌注损伤模型。36只SD大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注组、假手术对照组、参附预处理组(10 mL/kg),每组12只。免疫组化法检测肾组织中NF-κB、ICAM-1蛋白含量,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测血清、肾组织中TNF-α的表达。结果:缺血再灌注组NF-κB、ICAM-1表达和TNF-α含量明显高于假手术对照组(P<0.01)。与缺血再灌注组相比,参附预处理组NF-κB、ICAM-1表达和TNF-α含量明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:参附通过抑制NF-κB的表达,从而下调其下游的TNF-α、ICAM-1的表达,发挥其肾脏保护作用。     

氯沙坦对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:观察血管紧张肽II1型受体阻断剂 氯沙坦对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的梗死面积、心肌结 构、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)、白细胞介素6(IL 6) 的影响。方法:雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠42只 随机分为4组:对照组、缺血再灌注组、氯沙坦 5mg·kg-1组和氯沙坦10mg·kg-1组。除对照组 外,余3组建立心肌缺血再灌注模型,2个氯沙坦组 分别于缺血前15min静脉注射氯沙坦5,10mg· kg-1。计算心肌梗死范围,观察心肌细胞超微结构, 检测再灌注后血浆TNF α和IL 6的浓度。结果:与 缺血再灌注组相比,2氯沙坦组梗死面积减小(P< 0.01),心肌超微结构改善。缺血再灌注组TNF α 和IL 6的浓度均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);2个 氯沙坦组TNF α和IL 6的浓度均低于缺血再灌注 组(P<0.01),其中氯沙坦10mg·kg-1组较 5mg·kg-1组的浓度低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结 论:氯沙坦具有抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用, 高剂量氯沙坦的效果明显,其机制可能与从受体水 平阻断肾素 血管紧张肽系统,减少炎性因子TNF α和IL 6的产生有关。     

金丝桃苷通过调控微RNA-125a-5p/信号传导和转录激活因子3轴减轻脑缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨金丝桃苷调控微RNA-125a-5p(miR-125a-5p)/信号传导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)轴对脑缺血/再灌注（ischemia/reperfusion,I/R）损伤的影响。方法 通过GEO数据库筛选脑I/R损伤的差异表达基因。于2021年6月至2022年1月建立大鼠I/R模型并将其分为假手术组、模型组、金丝桃苷低剂量组（20 mg/kg）、金丝桃苷高剂量组（50 mg/kg）。通过氧-葡萄糖剥夺/复氧（OGD/R）法建立I/R细胞模型。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测组织与细胞中miR-125a-5p、STAT3的表达的情况。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）试剂盒检测细胞上清液中炎性因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平。乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）试剂盒分别检测细胞的抗氧化能力。结果 金丝桃苷在脑I/R损伤大鼠中起保护作用。相对于假手术组（1±0.09、1±0.08、0.67±0.06）,模型组大鼠脑组织中miR-125a-5p表达（0.21±0.03）降低、STAT3的mRNA(4.89±0.52)和蛋白表达...     

具栖冬青苷对大鼠急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究具栖冬青苷(pedunculoside,PE)对大鼠急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤(MIRI)的保护作用。方法采用结扎大鼠心脏冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)30 min,再灌注24 h的方法制备急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型。大鼠随机分为7组(n=10),即假手术组(Sham)、急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型组(M)、卡托普利组(Capt,阳性药)、美托洛尔组(MT,阳性药)、PE低、中、高剂量组(2.5 mg·kg-1、5 mg·kg-1和10 mg·kg-1)。术前连续给药3 d,每日1次。观察PE对MIRI大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的影响。结果MIRI模型组大鼠在结扎LAD 30 min,再灌注24 h后,心肌梗死面积显著增加,心脏收缩、舒张功能降低,表现为LVSP、+d P/d t max降低,LVEDP、-d P/d t max升高。同时,血清SOD含量降低,MDA,CTnI含量升高。与模型组比较,PE能明显改善上述病理改变。结论具栖冬青苷对大鼠急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用。     

羟乙葛根素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后TNF-α表达及NF-κB活性的影响

观察羟乙葛根素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤后TNF-α表达及NF-κB活性的影响。采用大鼠大脑中动脉内栓线阻断法(MCAO)建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，分别于缺血前30 min及再灌注即刻由尾静脉注射羟乙葛根素(10，20及40 mg·kg^-1)，缺血2 h再灌注24 h后取缺血侧脑组织，HE染色观察大鼠脑组织病理学变化并计数海马CA1区存活神经元数目，放射免疫分析测定脑组织匀浆中TNF-α含量，逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)测定脑组织中TNF-α mRNA表达情况，凝胶电泳迁移率实验(EMSA)观察NF-κB DNA结合活性改变，Western blotting检测观察IκBα蛋白表达情况。羟乙葛根素可明显改善大鼠海马CA1区损伤程度，升高锥体存活神经元数目，减少TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达，抑制NF-κB DNA结合活性。羟乙葛根素可减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后炎症反应，这可能是其发挥脑保护作用的机制之一。     

Alpha-lipoic acid protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via multiple target effects

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is a major cause for the events of cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. As a potent antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (LA) has been shown to provide a benefit for the inhibition of IR injury and inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during MI/R in rats. However, the mechanism on the protective effect of LA is still to be clarified. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of LA against MI/R injury and its mechanisms. We found that 2 h of myocardial ischemia followed by different time periods of reperfusion resulted in significant increase of creatine kinase (CK) activity. MI/R also significantly promoted oxidative stress and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, apoptosis and inflammatory response were activated and aggravated in a time-dependent manner by MI/R. All these alterations induced by MI/R were attenuated by the administration of LA 30 min before reperfusion. These results suggested that LA played a protective effect against MI/R injury via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. These findings may significantly better the understanding of the pharmacological actions of LA and advance therapeutic approaches to MI/R injury and cardiovascular diseases.     

天山花楸叶总黄酮对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察天山花楸叶总黄酮对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤的保护作用,探讨其作用机制。方法采用改良的Langendorff逆行恒压灌流方法,建立大鼠离体心脏I/R损伤模型,观察天山花楸叶总黄酮(4.0、6.0mg·L-1)对心脏I/R损伤后心功能、心肌组织中超氧岐化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化的影响。利用DPPH、羟自由基、超氧阴离子、脂质过氧化反应体系,检测了天山花楸叶总黄酮(6.25、12.5、25、50、100mg·L-1)体外抗氧化能力。结果天山花楸叶总黄酮(6.0mg·L-1)可明显改善离体心脏I/R损伤后左心室发展压(LVDP)和左室压力升高或降低最大速率(±dp/dtmax),明显增加冠脉流量;天山花楸叶总黄酮(6.0mg·L-1)处理后I/R损伤心肌组织中SOD活性升高,MDA含量减少。天山花楸叶总黄酮(6.25～100mg.L-1)可浓度依赖性地清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基,并抑制脂质过氧化反应。结论天山花楸叶总黄酮对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤具有明显保护作用,与其具有较强的抗氧化活性有关。     

丹酚酸B预处理对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤能量代谢的影响

目的 观察丹酚酸B预处理对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（MI/RI）能量代谢的作用。方法 通过结扎冠状动脉30min再灌注2 h建立大鼠MI/RI模型,随机分为4组：假手术组、模型组及丹酚酸B高、低（20、10 mg/kg）组,于建立模型前7 d开始ip给药,每天1次;再灌注结束后,采用比色法测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）活力,染色法测定心肌梗死面积（MIA）,定磷法测定心肌组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性。结果 与模型组（42.60%）比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组的MIA分别缩小至35.93%和37.21%,差异显著（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组血清CK、LDH活力均显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）;与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组心肌组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性均显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 丹酚酸B预处理可保护MI/RI所致心肌损伤,作用途径可能与改善心肌组织的能量代谢相关。     

胆红素对内毒素肺损伤大鼠中性粒细胞肺浸润的抑制作用

目的:探讨胆红素对急性肺损伤(ALI)的保护作用及其对中性粒细胞肺浸润的抑制作用。方法:用雄性wistar大鼠30只,随机分为正常对照组、ALI模型组、胆红素干预组。检测肺组织肺系数(LI)、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞(PMN)百分比。采用免疫组织化学染色测定肺血管内皮细胞NF-κB蛋白的表达。结果:ALI模型组LI,BALF中WBC计数、PMN百分比和肺血管内皮细胞NF-κB核染色阳性细胞百分比均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01,P<0.001)。胆红素干预组LI,BALF中WBC计数、PMN百分比和NF-κB核染色阳性细胞百分比均显著低于ALI模型组(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.001)。结论:胆红素对内毒素导致肺损伤的PMN肺浸润有一定的抑制作用,可能与抑制肺血管内皮细胞NF-κB的表达有关。     

牛磺熊去氧胆酸对脂肪肝缺血再灌注损伤影响的实验研究

目的：探讨牛磺熊去氧胆酸（ TUDCA）对自体肝移植大鼠脂肪肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和TUDCA组,用脂肪肝大鼠自体肝移植诱导缺血再灌注损伤模型,缺血后分别给予蛋白液和含10 mmol· L－1 TUDCA的蛋白液,以1.5 mL· min－1的速度灌洗45 mL,于6,24 h后检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ ALT）与血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ AST）含量;肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（ SOD）含量;取肝组织做病理组织学检测;免疫组化方法检测肝组织中核因子活化B细胞κ轻链增强子（ NF－κB）的活化程度。结果 TUDCA能降低大鼠血清中ALT、AST含量,并提高SOD的含量（ P＜0.05）;TUDCA组中的肝细胞水肿及汇管区炎性细胞浸润轻于模型组;TUDCA组比模型组NF－κB表达明显减少（ P＜0.05）。结论 TUDCA通过减轻内质网应激和减少NF－κB表达,对脂肪肝大鼠IRI起到保护作用。     

瑞舒伐他汀后处理通过抑制高迁移率族蛋白表达减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的：研究瑞舒伐他汀（RS）后处理是否可以通过抑制高迁移率族蛋白（HMGB1）的表达减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤（I／R）。方法使用 SD 大鼠缺血再灌注模型,缺血30 min,再灌4 h。将大鼠随机分为假手术组（n＝10）、缺血再灌注组（n＝15）和 RS 后处理组（n＝15）三组,检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平和肌酸激酶（CK）活性、心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）水平及心肌梗死面积和心肌中 HMGB1的表达水平。结果 RS 后处理能明显减少梗死面积（P ＜0．05）及 LDH、CK 活性（P 均＜0．05）;明显抑制 MDA 的升高和 SOD 的活性（P 均＜0．05）;明显抑制 HMGB1的表达（P ＜0．05）。结论 RS 后处理对心肌 I／R 的保护作用与抑制 HMGB1的表达有关。     

虎杖苷通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路调控糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏炎症作用的研究

目的：研究虎杖苷通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路调控糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏炎症作用的影响。方法：通过尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素,高脂饲料喂养建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。将成模的大鼠随机分为模型组、缬沙坦组（20 mg·kg^-1）、虎杖苷组（75 mg·kg^-1）、虎杖苷组（150 mg·kg^-1）,每组10只,日常进行高脂饮食喂养,连续灌胃给药90 d,每日1次。于第90天采集尿液,测量尿量及终点法测24 h尿白蛋白（UP）含量。通过HE染色观察大鼠肾脏组织的病理学变化。采用ELISA法检测肾组织中TGF-β1、FN纤维化指标表达及肾脏组织中炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）的含量。Western blot法检测肾组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）、髓样分化因子（Myd88）、核转录因子kappa B（NF-κB）的表达。结果：与模型组相比,虎杖苷组大鼠Scr、BUN、UP含量显著降低（P<0.05）。TGF-β1、FN纤维化指标明及炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量显减少（P<0.05）,TLR4、Myd88、NF-κB蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：虎杖苷对糖尿病肾病所引起的肾脏炎症有一定的保护作用,其作用机制可能与调节TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,降低肾脏组织的炎症因子含量,而起到抗炎的保护作用有关。