苯酚-硫酸比色法测定远志及地上部分多糖的含量

目的建立远志多糖的含量测定方法。方法采用苯酚-硫酸比色法。结果葡萄糖在0.025~0.125mg.ml-1线性范围内平均回收率为96.67%,RSD=3.78%(n=6),远志根多糖含量为4.84%,地上部分为6.86%。结论所用方法快速、准确,便于实际应用,远志地上部分具有综合利用价值。     

远志提取物对小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:研究远志提取物(Ept-Ⅵ)对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法:利用动物学习记忆计算机在线检测系统,采用东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、最大电休克和自然衰老所致小鼠学习记忆障碍模型,通过跳台试验和水迷宫实验对Ept-Ⅵ的益智作用进行了观察。结果:在跳台实验中,连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ30～120 mg·kg-1·d-1,1周可明显改善12月龄BALB／C小鼠的学习和认知能力,使其在获得、巩固、再现阶段停留在安全区时间延长,错误区时间减少;连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1,2周对3 mg·kg-1·d-1东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍有明显的改善作用,表现为小鼠在学习巩固阶段安全区时间延长,错误区时间减少;而连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1, 2周可显著改善最大电休克(MES)所致小鼠学习记忆障碍。在水迷宫实验中,连续灌胃给予Ept-Ⅵ60～240 mg·kg-1·d-1,12周可以缩短亚硝酸钠所致学习记忆障碍小鼠到达水迷宫安全平台／出口的时间。结论:远志提取物能够在学习的多个阶段改善学习记忆障碍模型小鼠的学习记忆功能。     

远志地上部分10个黄酮类成分的分离及抗氧化活性研究(英文)

研究远志地上部分的化学成分并测试其抗氧化活性。运用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、ODS及半制备液相,从远志地上部分中分离得到10个黄酮类化合物。用DPPH自由基清除试验测定了其抗氧化活性。分离所得化合物经光谱数据分析鉴定其结构分别为:异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),蒙花苷(5),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),5,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(7),异鼠李素(8),山奈酚(9)和槲皮素(10)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1–5和7均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。活性测试结果表明,化合物3、4、6、8、9和10表现出一定的抗氧化活性。     

Anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities of polygalasaponins from Polygala tenuifolia in mice

In the present study, the anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities of polygalasaponins extracted from Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow (Polygalaceae) were determined in mice using hole-board, elevated plus maze, open field, and sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis tests. Moreover, the acute toxicity of polygalasaponins was also estimated in mice. Sixty minutes after p.o. administration of polygalasaponins (40, 80, 160?mg/kg) in mice, the central crossing counts and percentage of central/total ambulation significantly increased and the number of rearings and defecations was evidently inhibited in the open field test. Polygalasaponins also increased the head-dips of mice in the hole-board test and the time spent by mice in the open arms of the X-maze, prolonged sleep duration and shortened sleep latency in the test of synergetic effect on sodium pentobarbital (45 and 25?mg/kg, respectively). Acute toxic study showed the oral median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of polygalasaponins was 3.95?g/kg and 0% lethal dose 2.6?g/kg. These results suggest that polygalasaponin possesses evident anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities and has a relatively safe dose range, which supports the use of Polygala tenuifolia root as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic drug in folk medicine.     

远志化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对远志的化学成分进行研究,为更好地开发利用远志药材奠定基础.方法采用色谱技术进行分离,以1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.结果分离鉴定了5个化合物,分别是tenuifoliside A(1)、α-D-(6-O-白芥子酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-(3-O-白芥子酰基)-呋喃果糖(2)、α-D-(6-O-4-甲基-3,5-二甲氧基肉桂酰基)-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-(3-O-白芥子酰基)-呋喃果糖(3)、3,4,5-三甲氧基肉桂酸(4)、苯甲酸丙酯(5).结论化合物3、5为首次从该植物中获得,其中化合物3为新化合物.     

Polygalasaponin XXXII from Polygala tenuifolia root improves hippocampal-dependent learning and memory

Aim： The aim of this study was to investigate the cognition-enhancing activity and underlying mechanisms of a triterpenoid saponin （polygalasaponin XXXII, PGS32） isolated from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Methods： The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory of mice. To detect the basic properties of syn- aptic transmission and long-term potentiation （LTP） in the dentate gyrus of rats, electrophysiological recordings were made of evoked potentials. Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）, cAMP response element-binding protein （CREB）, synapsin I and the expression of brain derived neu- rotrophic factor （BDNF）. Results： When administered at 0.125, 0.5, or 2 mg/kg, PGS32 could significantly prevent scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Intracerebroventricular （icv） administration of PGS32 greatly enhanced basic synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of rats and induced LTP. In primary hippocampal neurons, as well as in the hippocampus of maze-trained mice, PGS32 activated the mitogen-activated protein （MAP） kinase cascade by promoting phosphorylation of ERK, CREB and synapsin I. The expression of BDNF was also greatly enhanced in the hippocampus. Conclusion： Our findings suggest that PGS32 can improve hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, possibly through improve- ment of synaptic transmission, activation of the MAP kinase cascade and enhancement of the level of BDNF. Therefore, PGS32 shows promise as a potential cognition-enhancing therapeutic drug.     

远志与厚朴不同配比水煎液的HPLC指纹图谱比较研究

目的：比较远志与厚朴不同配比水煎液的指纹图谱,从化学角度探讨二者配伍后对物质基础的影响。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,比较远志与厚朴1∶1、1∶2、1∶3配比水煎液的指纹图谱。色谱柱为Phenomenex C18（250mm×4.6mm,4μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液（梯度洗脱）,检测波长为315nm,柱温为25℃,流速为1mL·min-1。结果：随着水煎液中厚朴比例的增大,色谱图中保留时间在2～43min之间的峰群变化明显。其中保留时间在17、21、24、35、41min左右的5个峰的峰面积随厚朴比例增加而明显增大,主要为厚朴中的成分。结论：远志与厚朴配伍,随厚朴比例增大而溶出增加的成分群可能是发挥远志缓解胃肠动力障碍的主要物质基础。     

石菖蒲、远志及其配伍对ox-LDL诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的:观察石菖蒲、远志及其配伍对氧化型低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）损伤情况的影响。方法:2021年1月至8月,培养HUVECs,随机分为空白组、模型组和样品组,样品组中分别加入不同浓度（5、10、20 mg/ml）的石菖蒲、远志或石菖蒲+远志,对HUVECs增殖、相对活率试验、细胞凋...     

Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of the proprietary Chinese medicine Shexiang Baoxin pill in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress

Depression and anxiety often co-occur with cardiac diseases. The Shexiang Baoxin pill (SBP) is a proprietary Chinese medicine initially used to treat cardiac conditions. This study explored whether SBP has antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in addition to hormonal and psychotropic mechanisms. Mice underwent 6 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to induce depression- and anxiety-like behavior. During the 6-week experiment, mice received SBP at intragastric doses of 20.25 mg/kg or 40.5 mg/kg daily. Animals were then tested for depression in sucrose preference, forced-swimming, and tail suspension paradigms, and for anxiety in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Both SBP doses significantly reduced anhedonic behavior in the sucrose preference test; the high SBP dose also increased the number of entries into the central zone of the open field. SBP-treated mice had markedly lower blood levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) than stressed mice treated with vehicle. Either low- or high-dose SBP reversed stress-induced reductions of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) metabolites and the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in related brain regions. These results suggest that SBP could prevent and alleviate prolonged stress-induced anhedonia and anxiety in association with its suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, modulation of brain monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and neurotrophins. SBP may be particularly suitable for the management of depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with cardiac conditions.     

蛇床子远志合剂对D-半乳糖致衰小鼠的抗衰老作用

目的 :探讨蛇床子、远志合剂的抗氧化机制。方法 :采用 D-半乳糖衰老小鼠 ,灌喂蛇床子、远志合剂 ,分别于 15 ,30 ,4 5 d处死 ,测定小鼠 RBC中 SOD,脑组织 Na+ ,K+ - ATPase,NO,睾丸线粒体中 Ca2 + - ATPase的活性。结果 :与 D半乳糖衰老模型组比较 ,蛇床子、远志合剂能明显提高衰老小鼠 RBC中 SOD,脑组织 Na+ ,K+ - ATPase,NO,睾丸线粒体中 Ca2 + -ATPase的活性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :蛇床子、远志合剂对衰老小鼠有抗氧化作用。     

远志YZ-50对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响

目的：探讨远志YZ-50对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马神经元凋亡因子Bax、Bcl-2表达的影响。方法：采用健康雄性Ⅱ级Wistar大鼠慢性应激抑郁模型，通过免疫组化染色法检测模型大鼠海马区凋亡调控因子Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达，从分子水平探讨在给予远志YZ．50后凋亡调控因子Bax、Bcl-2在慢性应激抑郁大鼠海马组织的变化规律。本实验共设五组，分别是空白对照组、慢性应激模型组、地昔帕明组（20mg·kg^-1）、YZ-50低剂量组（2．8g生药·kg^-1）、YZ-50高剂量（5．6g生药·kg^-1）组。结果：在给予大鼠慢性应激刺激21d，造成应激抑郁模型后，通过检测表明模型组动物Bax蛋白的表达明显增加，Bcl-2蛋白表达很弱；YZ-50低、高剂量组动物Bcl-2蛋白的表达与模型组动物相比明显增加；Bax蛋白的表达与模型组动物相比均显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论：YZ-50能够提高慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠海马区CA3区Bcl-2蛋白的表达、抑制Bax蛋白的表达，调控Bcl-2／Bax比例而抑制神经细胞的凋亡，减少外界刺激对脑部神经元的损害，从而改善其抑郁状态。     

Quality analysis of Polygala tenuifolia root by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Polygala tenuifolia root is used as a functional food due to its attractive health benefits. In this study, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were utilized to characterize the bioactive compounds in P. tenuifolia root. The UPLC-MS/MS information revealed 36 bioactive compounds, including oligosaccharide esters, polygalasaponins, and polygalaxanthones. GC-MS identified 34 volatile compounds with fatty acids as the main chemicals. The leading compound judged by UPLC-MS/MS was tenuifoliside A, and oleic acid was the leading volatile from GC-MS profiles. All samples tested showed similar bioactive compound compositions, but the level of each compound varied. Principal component analysis revealed the principal bioactive compounds with significant level variations between samples. These principal chemicals could be used for quality judgment of P. tenuifolia root, instead of measuring the levels of all compositional compounds.     

远志蔗糖酯类新化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的对远志根的化学成分进行研究。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半微量制备高效液相色谱分离纯化,根据ESI-MS、1H-NMR和13C-NMR等谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果从远志根的乙醇提取物中分离得到11个单体化合物,分别鉴定为蔗糖酯类化合物西伯利亚远志糖A5(sibiricose A5,1)、tenuifolioside A(α-D-glucopyranoside,3-O-[(2Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-me-thoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-fructofuranosyl,2)、tenuifolioside B(α-D-glucopyranoside,3-O-[(2E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-fructofuranosyl,3)、tenuifolioside C(α-D-glucopyranoside,3-O-[(2Z)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-fructofurano-syl,4)、西伯利亚远志糖A6(sibiricose A6,5)、球腺糖A(glomeratose A,6);呫吨酮类化合物西伯利亚远志呫吨酮B(sibiricaxanthone B,7)、远志呫吨酮Ⅺ(polygalaxanthoneⅪ,8)、1,2,3,7-四甲氧基呫吨酮(1,2,3,7-tetramethoxyxanthone,9)和远志酮Ⅱ(onjixanthoneⅡ,10);远志醇(polygitol,11)。结论化合物2~4为首次发现的新化合物。     

吴茱萸次碱对慢性不可预见性温和刺激诱导大鼠的抗抑郁作用及其机制研究

目的研究吴茱萸次碱对慢性不可预见性温和刺激(CUMS)诱导的大鼠抑郁模型的作用及其机制。方法将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、氟西汀组(1 mg/kg)和吴茱萸次碱低、高剂量(10、20 mg/kg)组,每组10只,除对照组外,其他各组动物连续复制CUMS模型28d,在造模的第15天开始每天ig给药1次,连续14d。记录大鼠体质量,通过糖水偏好实验、旷场实验、强迫游泳实验检测各组大鼠的行为学,并检测大脑海马5-羟色胺(5-HT)和去甲肾上腺素(NA)水平及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)m RNA表达水平。结果与模型组比较,吴茱萸次碱高低剂量组均能显著抑制大鼠体质量下降(P0.05);与模型组比较,吴茱萸次碱高剂量组大鼠的糖水偏好度、大鼠穿越格数和中央格停留时间明显增加(P0.05);与模型组比较,吴茱萸次碱高低剂量组大鼠强迫游泳不动时间明显减少(P0.05、0.01);与模型组比较,吴茱萸次碱高剂量组大鼠海马中5-HT、NA水平和BDNF mRNA表达明显增加(P0.05、0.01)。结论吴茱萸次碱具有一定的抗抑郁效果,其机制可能与其提高大鼠海马单胺神经递质水平、增加BDNF mRNA的表达有关。     

HPLC法测定白木香叶和远志地上部分芒果苷的含量

目的:建立测定白木香叶和远志地上各部分(包括远志整个地上部分、远志叶和远志茎)芒果苷含量的高效液相色谱法,为寻找富含芒果苷的植物资源奠定基础。方法:采用Kromasil 100C18(4.6 mm"250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.5%磷酸溶液(15∶85)为流动相,等度洗脱10 min,流速为1 mL.min-1,检测波长为258 nm,柱温为30℃。结果:在本色谱条件下,芒果苷和样品中其他成分分离良好,并且浓度在0.116～580μg.mL-1范围内线性良好。加样回收率(n=6)分别为97.5%(白木香叶),97.3%(远志地上部分),97.1%(远志叶),98.5%(远志茎);RSD分别为1.6%,2.1%,1.8%,0.21%。结论:本方法操作简单、快捷、准确,重复性好,可用于测定白木香叶、远志地上部分等不同来源植物中芒果苷的含量。     

Antidepressant effect of helicid in chronic unpredictable mild stress model in rats

Helicid (4-formylphenyl-β-D-allopyranoside) is a bioactive constituent of Helicid nilgirica Bedd that has been used in Chinese traditional herbal medicine to treat headache, insomnia, and depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unclear. We have now investigated the effect of helicid on depression-related behaviors in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and have also explored possible underlying mechanisms that involve neurotrophin expression. After 6 weeks isolation, body weight and sucrose preference were significantly reduced in rats with CUMS-induced depression compared with controls. The CUMS rats also showed significant inhibition of locomotory parameters in open field tests (involving behavioral assays). Helicid significantly regulated levels of corticosterone (CORT), inflammatory cytokines and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Helicid also reversed CUMS-induced decreases of 5-HT1A receptor expression and promoted brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus The significant reversal of depressive-like behaviors by helicid is similar to that achieved by fluoxetine. The antidepressive effects are likely attributable to the promotion of hippocampal neurotrophin expression through activation of the serotonergic system. Helicid thus has potential for treating depressive disorders.     

缬草素抗焦虑作用及其机制的初探

目的研究缬草素的抗焦虑作用,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法以大鼠高架十字迷宫实验和开场实验为动物模型,考察缬草素的抗焦虑活性;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定大鼠血清皮质酮的水平。结果缬草素(10mg.kg-1)能增加大鼠在开臂内运动时间和次数百分率,并且提高大鼠在开场中央区的次数,在大鼠高架十字迷宫与开场模型上显示出抗焦虑作用;酶联免疫吸附法表明:缬草素能降低大鼠血清皮质酮水平。结论缬草素具有明显的抗焦虑作用,机制可能与调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能有关。     

人参次苷H滴丸对慢性温和不可预见性应激大鼠的抗抑郁作用

目的探讨人参次苷H滴丸对慢性温和不可预见性应激结合孤养方法建立抑郁模型大鼠的抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。方法 96只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、氟西汀组和人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112 mg/kg组,每组16只。除对照组外各组分别孤养并接受5周慢性温和不可预见性应激刺激造模。同时氟西汀(10 mg/kg)组、人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112mg/kg组ig给药,对照组、模型组ig相应体积(10 mL/kg)纯水。对大鼠体质量变化、糖水消耗比、敞箱实验行为学评分进行比较,对血浆皮质酮(CORT)、皮层、海马区神经营养因子(BDNF)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平变化进行检测。尼氏染色后观察海马CA1、CA3区神经元数目和形态。结果与模型组比较,人参次苷H滴丸56、112 mg/kg组体质量显著升高(P0.05),人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112 mg/kg组糖水消耗比显著升高(P0.01);敞箱实验中人参次苷H滴丸56 mg/kg组大鼠水平运动得分显著提高(P0.05),56、112 mg/kg组垂直运动得分显著提高(P0.05、0.01);人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112 mg/kg组大鼠血浆CORT水平均有所降低,但差异并无统计学意义;人参次苷H滴丸56 mg/kg组皮层、海马BDNF水平显著升高(P0.05),人参次苷H滴丸56、112 mg/kg组大鼠皮层、海马5-HT水平显著升高(P0.05、0.01);人参次苷H滴丸28、56 mg/kg组大鼠皮层、海马DA水平显著升高(P0.05、0.01);人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112 mg/kg组大鼠皮层、海马NE水平升高十分显著(P0.01)。人参次苷H滴丸28、56、112 mg/kg组海马CA1、CA3区锥体细胞形态较为规则,排列较为松散,锥体细胞数量相对增多。结论人参次苷H滴丸具有抗抑郁作用,其作用机制可能是通过改善抑郁大鼠肾上腺轴功能亢进症状,提高模型大鼠皮层与海马5-HT、DA、NE水平,上调BDNF表达,以及抑制海马CA1、CA3区神经元锥体细胞的凋亡。     

BCPT对CUS大鼠大脑皮质BDNF、Bax及海马超微结构的影响

目的观察细脚拟青霉代谢物提取物(BCPT)对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠行为、海马组织超微结构、大脑皮质脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和Bax的影响。方法采用慢性不可预见性应激法(CUS)造成大鼠抑郁模型;采用Openfield法观测大鼠行为;采用免疫组织化学的方法对BDNF和Bax进行染色,并用图像分析仪进行半定量分析;用电镜观察海马超微结构的变化情况。结果慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠水平和垂直运动次数明显减少,BDNF阳性神经元数目明显减少,Bax阳性神经元数目明显增加,电镜显示海马超微结构出现病理变化,而BCPT对其有明显的保护作用。结论BCPT具有抗抑郁作用,增加BDNF表达、降低Bax表达、改善海马超微结构的病理变化有关。