脐带缠绕对围产儿的影响

目的探讨脐带缠绕对围产儿的影响.方法选择147例脐带缠绕进行回顾性分析,通过分娩后了解脐带长度、缠绕周数及新生儿出生后情况来比较脐带缠绕对围产儿的影响.结果脐带过短无1例发生脐带缠绕,脐带缠绕的胎儿窘迫率为50.1%窒息率为93.8%死胎率2.7%.结论脐带异常对围产儿存在严重危害,脐带缠绕周数越多,则胎儿窘迫、死胎、新生儿窒息发生机会也越大,而脐带过长是导致脐带缠绕的基本条件.     

256例脐带异常对围产儿的影响

脐带是胎儿与母体进行营养及物质代谢交换的通道，脐带异常是造成围产儿死亡的重要因素之一。临床上各种脐带异常都可以造成脐带血流受阻而引起胎儿宫内窘迫，新生儿窒息，围产儿死亡。本文回顾分析我院３年来２５６例脐带异常以探讨其对围产儿影响。１临床资料１１发生...     

脐带异常对围产儿安危的影响及对策

对５８６例脐带各种异常引起的围产儿并发症及围产儿死亡分析表明，脐带异常并发ＩＵＧＲ的发生率为２．５６％〉交发胎儿窘迫为１０．９２％，并发新生儿窒息为２．０５％。脐带扭转的围产儿病死率为１２．２％，脐带脱垂为１００％，脐带缠绕为０．１９％。提示：脐带异常对围产儿的影响依其异常程度及种类不同而异.     

脐带扭转对围产儿的影响(附58例分析)

脐带是胎儿母体物质交换的唯一途径,脐带的主要功能是输送血液,胎儿是经脐带血液与胎盘、母体进行营养及代谢物质交换的.虽然脐带的组织结构简单,但发生了组织结构改变或机械性受压则可影响胎儿-胎盘血液循环,导致胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息、LuGR（胎儿宫内生长受限）,甚至于围产儿死亡,因此脐带因素对围产儿的影响广泛受到重视.在脐带因素中,脐带扭转是引起胎儿窘迫、围产儿死亡的原因之一,对围产儿的预后影响较大,临床上应引起重视,现将我院58例脐带扭转病例进行回顾性分析以探讨其对围产儿的影响,     

脐带异常416例临床分析

目的：探讨脐带异常对围产儿的影响。方法：选择脐带异常416例，回顾性分析脐带异常的相关因素及围产儿结局。结果：脐带越长，脐带缠绕或前置受压的机率越大。结论：脐带异常与脐带长度、胎动过频有一定的关系，脐带过长是导致脐带异常的基本因素，脐带异常是导致胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡的重要因素。     

脐带脱垂对围产儿结局影响的临床分析

目的通过联合应用脐动脉血气分析与Apgar＇s评分,探讨脐带脱垂时间长短与围产儿预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院2004年1月~2008年12月住院分娩发生的28例脐带脱垂病例的发生原因、诊断方法及处理,以及脱垂时间长短不同时脐动脉血气分析及Apgar＇s评分进行对比分析。结果脐带脱垂至胎儿娩出时间长短与新生儿窒息存在明显关系,可从新生儿Apgar＇s评分及脐动脉血pH值反映出来。结论脐带脱垂娩出胎儿时间≤10分钟者较〉10分钟者新生儿预后好,胎儿生存和窒息情况取决于脐带受压的程度,对可能发生脐带脱垂,应及时有效的处理,脐动脉血气分析与Apgar＇s评分互补,对判断围产儿预后有价值。     

双胎妊娠产科处理与围产儿预后

目的 探讨双胎妊娠产科处理与围产儿预后的关系。方法 观察46例双胎妊娠的胎方位、分娩方式、妊娠并发症、胎儿娩出间隔时间、新生儿出生体重等，分析上述因素对围产儿预后的影响。结果 胎方位、早产儿、低体重儿、胎膜早破、妊高征及胎儿娩出间隔时间过长均影响围产儿预后。结论 正确的产科处理能改善双胎妊娠围产儿的预后。     

脐带绕颈114例临床分析

脐带缠绕为脐带常见并发症，其中尤以缠绕胎儿颈部者居多，易引起新生儿窒息，对孕母及围产儿造成不良影响。为了解脐带绕颈对分娩方式及新生儿预后的影响，我们对１１４例脐带绕颈进行回顾性分析，对两组病例阴道分娩的产程时间、产后出血量以及不同分娩方式发生新生儿窒...     

206例新生儿窒息原因分析

目的 探讨新生儿窒息的原因，以降低围产儿死亡率。方法 选择1992年1月至1996年12月新生儿窒息206例进行回顾性分析。结果 新生儿窒息以脐带因素占首位，且早产、过期产及阴道手术产的新生儿窒息率最高，低体重新生儿窒息率与正常体重儿及巨大儿比较，差异有显性。结论 产前超声尽力提高对脐带因素的检出率，加强产程中胎儿的监护，正确判断胎儿宫内窘迫的原因，缩短第二产程，及早发现异常情况，选择最佳分娩方式，同时防治早产及妊高征，有望降低新生儿窒息发病率及围产儿死亡率。     

围产儿死亡545例原因分析

目的 探讨围产儿死亡原因，以提高围产期保健工作质量及降低围产儿死亡率。方法 对我院12年来围产儿死亡病历进行回顾性分析。结果 12年间围产儿死亡95例，占16．88‰，死胎64．84％，死产26．37％，新生儿死亡8．79％。围产儿死亡原因依次为早产、胎儿畸形、缺氧综合征、脐带因素、胎位异常、胎盘因素及妊娠并发症。新生儿死亡主要因早产、呼吸窘迫综合症(RDS)所致。结论 加强围产期监护，预防为主，提高产科质量，达到降低围产儿死亡率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.